• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2011

There was a transition from participatory irrigation management (PIM) to public irrigation management (PubIM) in Korea when Korea Rural corporation and Community (KRC) merged with Farm Land Improvement Associations (FLIAs), which had managed 60 % of irrigation areas. While making a number of achievements, some problems occurred in the public irrigation management, such as lack of farmers' participation, increased amount of water usage, and elevating operating costs. Accordingly, this paper suggested ways to increase efficiency in water usage and reduce operating costs under the public management through the motive power of farmers participation. First, WUGs replaced the discarded water management committee should be reorganized to revive the concept of PIM in the form of autonomously reinforced one and the roles and functions of WUGs and the board of representatives should be strengthened. The member of new type of WUGs should participate in the national and regional water management committees as a stakeholder of irrigation water user. And also new type of WUGs initiates not only the management of irrigation water but also the management of irrigation water quality and non-point source pollution in the watersheds. Those additional activities of WUGs should be properly compensated. Second, subsidies (direct payments) should be provided to faithful farmers as an incentive for their labor supply. Third, water fees could be charged to large scale agriculture companies. Fourth, professional managers could be hired, management targets would be adjusted, and incentives should be offered. These efforts are expected to improve the irrigation management by encouraging farmers' participation under public system.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1379-1385
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• 2017

The content of taxol in the bark of yews is very low, and this is not affordable from the environmental point of view. Thus, it is a necessity to look for alternative sources of taxol production to solve its supply. Currently, a large portion of the taxol in the market comes from chemical semi-synthesis, but the semi-synthetic precursors such as baccatin III and 10-deacetyl-baccatin III are extracted from needles and twigs of yew trees. Taxol-producing fungi as a renewable resource is a very promising way to increase the scale of taxol production. Our group has obtained a taxol-producing endophytic fungus, Aspergillus niger subsp. taxi HD86-9, to examine if A. niger can produce the taxanes. Six compounds from the fermentation broth of strain HD86-9 were isolated and identified by $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, and ESI-MS. The results showed that the six compounds included four taxane diterpenoids (taxol, cephalomannine, baccatin III, and 10-deacetyl-baccatin III) and two non-taxane compounds (${\beta}-sitosterol$ and flavonoid isovitexin). The study verified that the taxanes can be produced by the A. niger, which is very important to taxol production via chemical semi-synthesis. Additionally, the finding is potentially very significant to solve the taxol semi-synthetic precursors extracted from needles and twigs of yew trees, and the precursor production can be easily increased through the culture condition optimization, genetic breeding, and metabolic engineering of the A. niger.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.647-657
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• 2015

본 연구는 국내 12개수계인 한강, 안성천, 금강, 삽교천, 영산강, 섬진강, 탐진강, 만경강, 동진강, 낙동강, 태화강, 형산강 유역에 대한 물이용 취약성 평가를 실시하였다. SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형을 이용하여 국내 12개 수계의 연유출량을 도출하였고, 각 유역별 면적 및 인구당 유출량을 비교하였다. 취약성 평가를 위해 18개 지표로 구성하였고, 물이용의 수요, 손실 및 공급의 측면으로 구분하였다. 이때의 가중치는 객관적 가중치의 적용을 위해 엔트로피(Entropy)방법을 사용하였고 정량적인 물이용 취약성 평가를 위해 다기준 의사결정기법 중 하나인 TOPSIS(Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) 기법을 적용하였다. 그 결과, 형산강의 물이용이 가장 취약하였고, 삽교천, 동진강, 섬진강, 안성천, 만경강, 낙동강, 탐진강, 영산강, 금강, 태화강, 한강 순이었다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 기후변화 취약성 평가를 위한 지표 개발에 이용할 수 있겠다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.59-77
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• 2012

육상운송은 서비스 제공자의 공급초과에 따른 구조적 문제와 비효율적인 요소들을 개선하기위하여 노력하고 있다. 따라서 육상화물운송시장은 경쟁력 강화를 위하여 지역별 물류구조를 지역의 산업특성에 따라 개선되어야 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 지역별 육상운송의 운영 효율성과 생산성을 연구하였다. 사용한 자료는 각 시도별 육상운송물류의 5개년(2005-2009)간의 균형패널자료(balanced panel data)이용하였다. CCR과 BCC 분석에서 2005년-2008년 까지는 울산광역시가 가장 효율적이다. 2009년은 서울 특별시가 가장 효율적인 DMU이다. Window 분석결과는 광주광역시와 강원도가 0.062로 나타나 가장 안정적이다. Malmquist 생산성 분석 결과를 살펴보면, 충청남도와 충청북도의 경우 4기간 평균 생산성지수는 약 6.6%와 7.3% 증가하였다. 본 연구는 지역물류정책에서 육상운송의 구조개혁에 따른 효율화 방안을 제시하고 있다.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.69-86
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• 2016

The quest to reduce the level of overdependence on fossil fuel product and to provide all required information on proven existing alternatives for renewable energy has resulted into rapid growth of research globally to identify efficient alternative renewable energy sources and the process technologies that are sustainable and environmentally friendly. The present study is aimed at production and characterization of bioethanol produced from sugarcane juice using a $2^4$ factorial design investigating the effect of four parameters (reaction temperature, time, concentration of bacteria used and amount of substrate). The optimum bioethanol yield of 19.3% was achieved at a reaction temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, time of 72 hours, yeast concentration of 2 g and 300 g concentration of substrate (sugarcane juice). The result of statistical analysis of variance shows that the concentration of yeast had the highest effect of 7.325 and % contribution of 82.72% while the substrate concentration had the lowest effect and % contribution of -0.25 and 0.096% respectively. The bioethanol produced was then characterized for some fuel properties such as flash point, specific gravity, cloud point, pour point, sulphur content, acidity, density and kinematic viscosity. The results of bioethanol characterization conform to American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standard. Hence, sugarcane juice is a good and sustainable feedstock for bioethanol production in Nigeria owing relative abundance, cheap source of supply and available land for large scale production.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2007

Saddleback clownfish, Amphiprion polymnus의 자치어의 생존율 향상을 목적으로 Artemia nauplii 섭식량, 사육수조의 색깔과 염분을 달리한 조건에서 자치어의 성장과 생존율을 비교 조사하였다. 사육수조에 따른 성장과 생존율 조사에서 성장은 검정색 수조와 투명수조에서 사육한 자어가 흰색과 파란색수조에서 보다 성장이 빨랐다. 생존율은 흰색과 투명수조에서 파란색과 검정색 수조에서 보다 높았다. 부화 후 5일째부터 17일째 자어(Total length $5.1{\sim}10.0mm$)에 Artemia nauplii를 50개체/$0.5L{\sim}700$개체/0.5L 범위로 공급한 결과 일일섭식량은 36.8개체(부화 후 5일째)${\sim}$429.3개체(부화 후 17일째)였다. 그리고 염분 내성조사에서 32 psu부터 7일 간격으로 5 psu씩 하강시킨 경우 실험 16일째 22 psu에서 급격히 폐사개체가 늘어나 실험 22일째 전 개체가 폐사하였고 3일 간격으로 2 psu씩 하강시킨 경우 실험 27일째 16 psu에서 전 개체가 폐사하였다.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2020

전자정부의 시행으로 기존 동사무소에서 인력 및 공간에서 잉여분이 발생하게 되었으며 서울시와 지방정부에서는 복지, 문화, 고용, 생활체육 등의 용도로 사용하기 위하여 동 통폐합계획이 진행하고 있다. 한편, 맞벌이 부부 증가 및 핵가족화로 인해 보육시설 수요는 점차 증가하고 있지만 정부는 신축 및 부지매입 등에 많은 예산상에 문제에 따랐다. 이에 본 연구는 현재 보육시설 수요자 증가에 따른 보육시설 확충의 문제와 전자정부 시행으로 인해 동사무소의 역할이 축소됨으로 인해 발생하는 폐동사무소의 문제를 동시에 해결하기 위한 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구의 방법으로는 폐동사무소를 활용한 보육시설의 현황 및 실태 조사를 실행하고 공간구문론을 기초로 한 J-graph를 통해 시설 간 공간구성을 비교하였다. 이를 통해 기존 동사무소를 활용할 시 발생되는 공간유형을 도출하였으며 그로 인해 발생하는 문제점과 개선방향을 서술하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2013

Rice is a main crop and rice field is the most important farmland in Korea. This study was conducted to propose the methodology assessing impact and vulnerability on rice production by climate change at the regional and national level in Korea. We evaluated a vulnerability of rice paddy according to the outbreak of a main disease and pest of a rice plant. As results, Jeju-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeollanam-do were more vulnerable area than others. In contrast, the southern central region including Gyeonggi-do was less vulnerable than others. The vulnerable index was significantly higher in 2050s (0.5589) than in present (0.3500). This result showed that the vulnerable to the disease and pest enlarge in the future. The adaptive capacity highly contributed to the vulnerability assessment index. The daily maximum temperature of June and the daily average temperature from May to August also contributed the climate exposure index. The area of occurring sheath blight, rice leaf blast and striped rice borer was related to the system sensitivity index. The ability of water supply (readjustment area of arable land per paddy field area) and rice production technique (rice yield per hectare) were the highly contributed variables to the adaption capacity index.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.390-393
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• 2008

We analyzed the landuse change, quantify the area covered by majors food crops (Paddy, Wheat, Barely, Maize, Millet and Potato) and their productivity trends in Terai, Nepal from 1987 to 2006. We used series of area covered by each single crop and production data published by Government of Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics and Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Our results indicated that the agriculture land has increased by about 47% while forest has decreased by 32% between 1964 and 2001 in Terai. Whilst the total cropped area has increased by 19% between 1987 and 2006. The highest incremental change has observed in Potato by 234% followed by Wheat 31%, Maize 20% and Paddy 12% and so on. However, data revealed with very low crops productivity and it showed less than half of its potential except in Potato. The average yield of food crops /hectare /year during last 20 year has found only 3.094 metric tons. Only Potato has gained high average yield by 10.34 metric tons. While others crops yielded entirely low. 3 periods moving average depicted that the productivity trend of Barely and Millet has stagnant while others crops showed slightly up and down and increasing steadily over time. Further study is needed to comprehend the linkage of food productivity in the present food supply to demand and food security system in Terai, Nepal.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.51-77
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• 2006

Pond management is a critical part of overall golf course management, both during growth and maintenance modes of turf care. This study investigated 48 ponds in nine 18- or 27-hole golf courses to analyze the environmental characteristics of ponds. The research process had three phases: (1) inventory and analysis of grading plans and drainage plans, (2) field verification and interviews with greenskeepers, and (3) analyses of water quality and statistics. All data were collected from May to August in 2004. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. It is desirable to site a golf course in a small watershed with high watershed eccentricity to control storm water runoff efficiently and to minimize soil erosion during construction. 2. The siting and size of a pond should be determined through a land-use analysis of the watershed for the purpose of ecological management. The bigger the forest-to-golf course ratio, the better the water quality will be. 3. The size and capacity of each individual ponds varied and there were many somewhat longish rather than round ponds. 4. There were many differences among golf courses in naturalness of the ponds, and the correlation between naturalness and area of aquatic plants was very high. 5. Analyses of pond water quality indicated that the degrees of Dissolved Oxygen, Chemical Oxygen Demanded and Suspended Solids were relatively low values but Total Phosphorus and Total Nitrogen were too high. Therefore a systematic approach is needed to solve e problem. Pesticide residues were not detected in all ponds. 6. Water depth and area of hydrophyte should be considered when designing an ecological pond. 7. All ponds used storm water as a main source of water supply and added underground water. Aquatic plants and physical methods such as water aeration and spray fountains were the main choices for maintaining a healthy aquatic environment.