• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.305-309
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• 2016

PTEN protein is an important tumour suppressor factor detectable by immunohistochemistry. The goal of the present study was to investigate the prognostic role of PTEN gene expression focusing on length of survival in breast cancer patients. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 100 breast cancer cases referred to Sabzevar hospitals in the north east of Iran between 2010 and 2011, followed up to 2015. The PTEN gene expression of tumour tissue samples was determined using specific monoclonal antibodies. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Patient length of survival was analyzed after 4 years of follow-up using the Cox regression model. The PTEN gene was expressed in 70 of 100 samples, while being found at a high level in all noncancerous samples. There was an inverse significant relationship between expression of PTEN and tumour stage and grade (p<0.001). In addition, expression of PTEN in invasive ductal tumours was less than in non-invasive tumours. There was also an inverse significant relationship between the likelihood of death and PTEN gene expression (p<0.01). These findings indicate that lack of PTEN gene expression can be sign for a worse prognosis and poor survival in breast cancer.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.2286-2294
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• 2021

Background: Exercise is necessary for the health of companion dogs. It is necessary to determine the relationship between height, weight, age and amount of exercise for the purpose of companion dog's health. Objectives: A survey was conducted in this study to small-dog owners living in Yongin city, Gyeonggi-do about their canine healthcare awareness. Design: Questionnaire design. Methods: The questionnaire was composed of exercise amount, type of exercise, and the necessity of exercise, general health condition, and environment. A total of 139 survey results were obtained. The average value of each item was analyzed and expressed in terms of frequency and percentage. Then, Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to find the relationship between these items. Results: The weight and height were not shown to have a significant difference in the amount of exercise in the results. The weight had a weak positive correlation with "exercise time of canine per day". The age had a weak negative correlation with "the number of canine exercise per week" and "frequency of canine exercise per day", while it had a weak positive correlation with "self-assessment of canine lack of exercise". Conclusion: Based on this study, it is believed that in the future, various environments where dogs can exercise are believed to be necessary for the era of convergence.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.3 s.38
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• pp.703-713
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• 1992

Researches in pathologic entities and syndromes that describe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) or TMJ-related pain and dysfunction, have been hampered by confusion and conflict over the pathogenesis of myofascial and joint pain, the character and causes of joint noises, and the lack of scientific methods. Investigators have more recently correlated clinical diagnosis and arthrographic and surgical findings to demonstrate 'internal derangements' of the TMJ. It is thought that the structural and functional changes characteristic of internal derangements constitute the principal pathologic entity of the TMJ. Cephalometric data from a group of 34 subjects with documented functional changes in the TMJ were compared with those of a group of 35 subjects from a control sample. The results were as follows: 1. Comparison of a group which shows Class I relationship, there was a tendency to show clock-wise rotation of mandible and linguoversion of upper and lower anterior teeth in the experimental sample. 2. Excluding the vertical relationship, there was a tendency to show low values of the lingual surface slope of the upper central incisor and high values of the interincisor angle in the experimental sample.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.459-466
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• 2013

Risk exists in all construction projects and resides among the collection of subcontractors and their array of individual activities. Wherever risk resides, the interrelation of participants to one another becomes paramount for the way in which risk is measured. Inherent risk becomes recognizable and quantifiable within network schedules in the form of consuming float - the flexibility to absorb delays. Allocating, owning, valuing, and expending such float in network schedules has been debated since the inception of the critical path method itself. This research investigates the foundational element of a three-part approach that examines how float can be traded as a commodity, a concept whose promise remains unfulfilled for lack of a holistic approach. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) of financial portfolio theory, which describes the relationship between risk and expected return of individual stocks, is explored as an analogy to quantify the inherent risk of the participants in construction projects. The inherent relationship between them and their impact on overall schedule performance, defined as schedule risk -the likelihood of failing to meet schedule plans and the effect of such failure, is matched with the use of CAPM's beta component - the risk correlation measure of an individual stock to that of the entire market - to determine parallels with respect to the inner workings and risks represented by each entity or activity within a schedule. This correlation is the initial theoretical extension that is required to identify where risk resides within construction projects, allocate and commoditize it, and achieve actual tradability.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.33-46
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• 2012

Purpose : Nowadays excrement-related disease that repeats constipation and diarrhea is on the increase due to the change of dietary and lack of exercise, etc. We analyzed Bangyakhappyeon in order to find out the materia medica which is used for the excrement patterns. Methods : The database used in present thesisis consist of disease pattern, nature of medicinals and materia medica from Bangyakhappyeon was constructed. We analyzed the nature of medicinals of excrement patterns(or symptom) by frequency analysis and network analysis, and also searched main materia medica of excrement patterns(or symptom) by frequency analysis and rule mining. Results : We analyzed the nature of medicinals of excrement patterns(or symptom) in Bangyakhappyeon. And we researched the high frequency materia medica, high specificity materia medica and high frequent paired-drugs as main materia medica of excrement patterns(or symptom). Conclusion : This study found the information about frequency relationship between excrement patterns(or symptoms) and materia medica.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 1998

In order to investigate the relationship among physical status, eating habits and life style, this survey was carried out by questionnaire in 1996. College students(413 cases) who resided in Chuncheon answered. The results are as follows: 1) The means of height and weight were $173.9\pm{5.0cm}$, $64.5\pm{8.3kg}$64.5$\pm$8.3kg in male students and $160.9\pm{4.5cm}$, $51.1\pm{5.8kg}$ in female students. 2) Under 20 of BMI(Body Mass Index) were 23.0% of male students and 58.3% of female students. 6.7% of males and 3.0% of females were over 25 of BMI. 3) There was a significant relationship between the type of favorite snacks and gender. There was a significant difference of BMI according to the level of the frequency and the amount of drinking alcoholic beverages. 72.6% of subjects took exercise regularly. But the BMI of subjects taking regular exercise and watching the weight tended to be higher than that of subjects not doing so. 4) Most students(78.5%) skipped breakfast, which was higher in the self-boarding students in than any other. It was because of the lack of time that they skipped their meals. This study suggests that a comprehensive nutrition education program is needed for college students in self-boarding houses and dormitories to improve their eating habits about skipping meals, and especially for female students to prevent inappropriate weight control.

• Mycobiology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.121-125
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• 2013

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have mutualistic relationships with more than 80% of terrestrial plant species. This symbiotic relationship is ancient and would have had important roles in establishment of plants on land. Despite their abundance and wide range of relationship with plant species, AMF have shown low species diversity. However, molecular studies have suggested that diversity of these fungi may be much higher, and genetic variation of AMF is very high within a species and even within a single spore. Despite low diversity and lack of host specificity, various functions have been associated with plant growth responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization. In addition, different community composition of AMF affects plants differently, and plays a potential role in ecosystem variability and productivity. AMF have high functional diversity because different combinations of host plants and AMF have different effects on the various aspects of symbiosis. Consequently, recent studies have focused on the different functions of AMF according to their genetic resource and their roles in ecosystem functioning. This review summarizes taxonomic, genetic, and functional diversities of AMF and their roles in natural ecosystems.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.199-206
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• 2008

Purpose: Variation in the morphology of gingival papilla may be determined by the shape and position of anatomic crown as well as contact area and embrasure form of individual teeth. However, periodontal biotype classification is regarded to be subjective because of the lack of definite criteria. In this study, we defined the objective parameters which constitute the periodontal biotype and measured their relationship. Materials and Methods: 109 of dental casts were prepared using three dimensional scanner and specialized reconstruction software, then acquiredvirtual models were sent to the 20 professional dentists to define the specific periodontal biotypes. Several parameters around periodontal structures were measured from the virtual models; facial surface area of the anterior tooth (AT), anterior papillary area (AP), proportion of the dento-papillary complex, clinical papillary length (PL), and clinical papillary angle (PA). Statistical analysis was performed to confirm the relationship among parameters. Results: Coincidence rate of periodontal biotype within observers was $63.77{\pm}16.05%$. Coincidence rate between observers was $76.15{\pm}16.43%$. Among the parameters measured, PL showed the most positive correlations and PA presented the most negative correlations. The parameter of the AP and PL of six maxillary anterior teeth showed significant correlation coefficient. Conclusion: Anterior papillary area and clinical papillary length would be objective parameters for determining the consistent periodontal biotypes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.381-385
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• 2005

Characterization of particle behavior is becoming more important in performance evaluation of water treatment system as well as in operation of the system because conventional parameter, turbidity has lack of explaining ability on small sized microorganisms such like Cryptosporidium etc. Accordingly, particle counter has been introduced in evaluation and operation of the treatment system. However researches on the relationship between turbidity, particle count and/or different sand/anthracite sizes have not been concurrent. Therefore in this study, the relationship was investigated to improve performance evaluation of sand filter so as to help choosing sand/anthracite effective size as a design parameter of water treatment facility. According to the results, too small or too large effective size media filter reached to turbidity limit(0.1 NTU)earlier. However, because shallow sand layer may cause early breakthrough, the depth of sand layer should be provided enough in order to compromise water quality and productivity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1180-1184
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• 1992

The use of computed tomography of the chest in mediastinal staging of lung carcinoma lies the premiss that malignant lymph nodes are larger than benign ones. We have studied the size of mediastinal lymph nodes & the malignancy rate in 55 lung carcinomas from March 1990 to July 1992 at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yongdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of medicine. The lack of relationship between the size of mediastinal lymph node and the probability of malignancy helps to clarify the limitations of the use of computed tomography in the staging of the mediastinum in lung carcinoma. There was no tendency for all malignant lymph nodes to be larger than benign nodes. To allow comparison with our data, malignancy rates for all lymph nodes larger than 10mm are 24.8% in sensitivity & benign rates for all lymph nodes less than 10mm are 96% in specificity. But all mediastinal lymph nodes larger than 30mm are metastatic lymph nodes in our cases. We are going to try to have thoracotomy for complete resection of lung carcinoma as possible as we can if there no evidence of contralateral mediastinal metastases of lymph nodes, even though there are large mediastinal lymph nodes in lung carcinoma.