• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.61-95
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• 2003

This paper investigates the characteristics of Japanese vocational education and training(VET) system and its recent changes with regard to the labour market changes under the long-term economic depression. The employment system model of Marsden(1999) is used as an analytical framework. By the review of 'the debate of intellectual skill', it is pointed out that the fundamental characteristic of Japanese VET system lies in forming multi-functional workers by the internal promotion in connection with the OJT-focused enterprise training along the job-competency rank system. In this system 'the skill as work-competency' is not institutionalised. By the long-term depression this type of internal labour market (ILM) has been under serious changes. By the policy analyses it is made clear that the direction of its change is not toward the collapse of the ILM. A series of labor market and VET policies does aim at sustaining the ILM by the introduction of the unified job qualification system, which is expected to institutionalise the widening external labour market into the craft-based labour market.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.45-70
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• 2004

This study purports to explain the difference between the welfare reform of Britain and that of either European countries or USA. For this purpose, Chapter two documents and reviews the inter-party debates around the Clause Four in the Labour Constitution, and duly ascertains the role of the reciprocity principle in the development of New Labour Project. Then, Chapter three argues that this reciprocity principle guides and controls the whole process of workfare reform of the Labour Government since 1997. Finally, Chapter four concludes that the salient features of the British workfare reform originated from recent changes of the British political climates, that is, the ideological change of the Labour Party.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.182-196
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• 2007

EU has pursued of the economic growth and the promotion of jobs by a free movement of workers. The free labour mobility brings a sustainable economic development through the creating jobs and the acquisition of a new knowledge and technology, but it also produces the geographical unequality of the movement of workers. And the enlargement of the EU redistributes geographically the flow of labour mobility. The flow of labour movement within EU changes to the structure of mobility that moves from the North to the North instead of the movement from the South to the North as an economic development in the South and an economic transformation to the service and hightech industry in the North. The mobility of unskilled workers has diminished, but the mobility of expert workers has increased. The flow of labour movement within EU has a structure hierarchic that the experts labour move from the North to the North, and the unskilled labour move from the South to the North and from the northern Africa to the South of Europe.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.545-567
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• 2018

This study applied and compared Poisson model, negative binomial model, zero inflated Poisson model, and zero inflated negative binomial model to estimate determinants of employed labour quantity. To estimate each of models, this study used fisheries census data which were obtained at microdata integrated service running by Statistics Korea. The study selected zero inflated negative binomial model according to the Vuong test and Likelihood-ratio test. In addition, the study estimated fishing village's practical changes on employed labour quantity as analyzing changes from 2010 to 2015. The results showed that the household with fishing vessels and high selling price had a significant effect on decrease of the labour quantities. Meanwhile, the longer work experience of the household, the more significant the increase in the labour quantities. In conclusion, this study presented that capitalized fishing household and the acceleration of aging had a significant impact on the change in the labour quantities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3794-3803
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationships between emotional labour and depressive symptoms among nurses in university hospitals. Subjects were 514 nurses working at three university hospitals in Daejeon City, and the survey was a structured self- administered questionnaire based from April 1 until May 31 2012. As a results, the level of depressive symptoms by the subjects emotional labour level was significantly higher in the group with higher total average points of the emotional labour than the lower group, As for the correlation between the level of depressive symptoms and emotional labour factors, the depressive symptoms points showed significant positive correlation with the total points of the emotional labour. As a result of hierarchical multiple regression, age, leisure time, coffee consumption, subjective health status, physical burden of work, sense of satisfaction at work, fit to the job and emotional labour were selected as significant variables and related variables effecting the level of depressive symptoms. These variables' descriptive power was 39.4%, especially, it can be seen that 11.0% descriptive power increased by putting the emotional labor variables. The results above imply that there is significant relation between emotional labor and depressive symptoms and various variables such as socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behavior factors and job-related factors. Also, it can be seen that the emotional labour and depressive symptoms showed significant positive correlation. Therefore, the development and implementation of a program to control emotional labor appropriately should be required for lowering the level of depressive symptoms.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.69
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• pp.71-110
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• 2015

Beyond the technological behaviorism-oriented notion of prosumers, the current study explores the question of digital creative labour of the youth in the interrelated context of post-capitalist crisis and neoliberal ethos of selfhood. This analysis is situated particularly in the social conflicts and struggles in Korea, where the problems related to the precarization of the younger generation have been increasingly aggravated (in the realm of embodied reality) whereas their digital activities have been highly expressive (in the realm of mediated reality). The contradictions embedded in the question of the labour of the youth are delineated in the respect of the subjectivities of young free labour, or 'digital creative labour' in proposed terms: the precarious young free labour in Korea is the compound of social fragmentation, economic polarization, expansion of cognitive and emotion labour, boom of hedonistic consumerism, economic-cultural celebration of creativity and self-entrepreneurship, technological saturation of digital media, subjective/collective affects around excitement and ambition but also of anxiety and fear. The ambivalence and complexity of the young free labour is converged at the emergence of homo-economicus (Michel Foucault) through the subjectivation of the social (con)fusion of post-capitalist crisis and neoliberal governmentality of selfhood.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.89-107
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• 2014

This study analyzes how governmental financial support of child care affects the participation of married women in the labor market in Korea. This dynamic analysis used data gathered over four years via the fifth to the eighth Korea Welfare Panel Studies (KWPS). The major results are as follows. First, child care allowance has a negative effect on the participation of married women in the labour market. Providing cash for child care seems to decrease women's labour market participation by cementing the role of women as the primary child care providers in the household. Second, the support for families, used by child care facilities, is found to increase the probability of married women working either part-time or full-time, thereby decreasing the burden on household budgets caused by child care costs. In conclusion, governmental policy-based child care benefits, used by child care centers, should be continued so that married women may participate in the labour market while raising their children.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.70
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• pp.165-188
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• 2015

This paper deals with the questions: Are media user's activities labour? Or rent? These questions have provoked a debate in the critical media studies and Marx's theory. But it is not a matter of choosing either labour or rent. Even if user's activities could contribute to valorization, it needs some mediating process. Media Platforms-Google, Facebook, etc.-play a key role, and have to employ other forms of labour. Labour in media platform produces some capital commodities. In view of media platform, Smythe's audience commodity can be considered as capital commodity. Assertion in this paper expected to provoke new debate on media platforms and its labourer.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.889-900
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• 2008

Child labour is a disturbing issue for any society. It is attempted here in this article to develop an estimator to assess the numerical strength of this menace in Lahore division. A Horvitz and Thompson (1952) type of estimator is developed where weights are calculated on the basis of poverty and illiteracy to increase the sampling efficiency. Different characteristic features of this estimator, like its unbiasedness, variance, probability distribution, confidence intervals are also developed for its study from different angles.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

The study, was conducted to become conscious of the impact of emotional labour on dental hygienists' self-esteem with job stress. Participants were 205 dental hygienist's in the dental clinic. Data were gathered from Jan 3 to Jan 30, 2016, using structured questionnaires. The analysis shows that there was a negative correlation with self-esteem in emotional labour, however, positive correlation was presented in employment stress. It also appears to have no relationship between self-esteem and job stress. Therefore, emotional labour has a direct effect on increasing job stress and lowers self-esteem. The lowered self-esteem simultaneously has an indirect effect on increasing job stress. The measures to counter the problems of emotional labour of dental hygienist and education considering dental hygenist's self-esteem should be accomplished place to maintain the level of emotional labour and the clinic's determination to rectify the issues are essential.