• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.412-419
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• 2004

To investigate the utilization of calcium lactates (CaL) as coagulants for tofu manufacture, the quality characteristics and shelf-life of tofu made by CaL-P (black snail powder) and CaL-A (black snail ash) were investigated and compared to calcium chloride (CC), magnesium chloride (MC), calcium sulfate (CS ) and standard calcium lactate (CaL-S). And also, total microbe and turbidity of the tofu were determined during storage at 1$0^{\circ}C$. Coagulation ability of CaL-A was the highest, and the ability of CaL-P was higher than that of CaL-S. Yield of CaL-A tofu was similar to those of CS and CC tofu, while the yield of CaL-P tofu was 50% compared to that of CC. L＊ value of CaL-P tofu was lower, but a＊ and b＊ values were higher than those of other tofus. The hardness of tofu showed in the order of CaL-S>CS>CC>CaL-P>MC>CaL-A, while the cohesiveness showed in the order of MC>CaL-S>CC>CS>CaL-P>CaL-A. Calcium contents were 57 mg% in MC tofu, 174 mg% in CS tofu, 116 mg% in CaL-S tofu, 95 mg% in CaL-A tofu and 172 mg% in CaL-P tofu. From the results of microscopic observations, the lower hardness showed the more soft and the smaller particle. The particle of CaL-A tofu was small and uniformity but the size of CaL-P and CC tofu showed coarse. Sensory quality of CaL-P and -A tofu were better than the other tofu evaluated by texture, springiness, flavor and overall taste. The shelf-life estimated by total microbe was 4∼6 days in CC, MC, CS, CaL-S and CaL-A tofu, but 8 days in CaL-P tofu at 1$0^{\circ}C$. From the above results, the CaL-P and -A may believe to use as coagulant for tofu manufacture due to its softened taste and enhanced shelf-life, and higher calcium content which has higher absorbability in human body.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2010

This study was designed to evaluate anti-diabetes effect of Helianthus tuberosus extract (HT) in HIT-T15 cells. There were 5 experimental groups according to treatment NC (0 ${\muL/mL$), HT2 (1.1 ${\muL/mL$), HT3 (1.5 ${\muL/mL$), IN2 (1.8 ${\muL/mL$), IN3 (2.5 ${\muL/mL$). Inulin (IN) was used as a positive control for the Helianthus tuberosus extract groups. Cell viability was significantly increased in the HT3 (1.5 ${\muL/mL$), IN2 (1.8 ${\muL/mL$), IN3 (2.5 ${\muL/mL$) groups, compared with the NC group. There was no significant difference in cytotoxicity among all groups. Cell survival by MTT assay with alloxan was significantly increased in the HT2 (1.1 ${\muL/mL$), HT3 (1.5 ${\muL/mL$) groups, compared with the NC group. Insulin secretion and NAD+/NADH ratio were significantly increased in the HT3 group, compared with the NC group. We found that Helianthus tuberosus extract increased cell viability, had a protective effect on $\beta$-cells, and increased insulin secretion level and $NAD^+$/NADH ratio in HIT-T15 cells. These results suggest that Helianthus tuberosus extract improves the diabetes-related factors.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.50-53
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• 1991

The reaction steps involved in the bioconversion of a chemically synthesized precursor, $D,L-2-amino-{\Delta}^2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic$ acid (D,L-ATC), to L-cysteine and the properties of the involved enzymes were investigated. It was found that the conversion consisted of two steps, i. e., D,L-ATC to S-carbamyl-L-cysteine (S-C-L-cysteine) and S-C-L-cysteine to L-cysteine, and the S-C-L-cysteine was an intermediate between them. While the enzymes involved in the reactions were induced by the addition of D,L-ATC as an inducer, S-C-L-cysteine induced only the enzyme involved in the latter step. The conversion of S-C-L-cysteine to L-cysteine could be also carried out in the presence of hydroxylamine and its rate was much faster than that by the corresponding enzyme. On the other hand, L-cysteine (or L-cystine) was decomposed to evolve $H_2S$ by the enzyme considered to be a kind of desulfhydrase. However, hydroxylamine was a perfect inhibitor for this enzyme.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.390-399
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• 2003

Four species of the genus of Listeria were isolated from seawater and sea food in Kyungnam province, South Korea. These isolated strains were classified into Listeria sp. from different samples by appropriate cultivation conditions and biochemical tests including serological test. In a day enrichment cultivation, the following strains were found out of 100 samples: L. innocua (35%), L. ivanovii (4%), L. monocytogenes (4%), and L. welshimeri (1%). For seven days enrichment culture, L. innocua (38%), L. ivanoii (5%), L. monocytogenes (7%), and L. welshimeri (1%) were isolated. From these results, Listeria species were more efficiently isolated in seven day enrichment broth than in one day enrichment. However, these isolated Listeria species were less grown in the selective medium than in the enrichment medium. Isolation rates of Listeria species showed differency for each sample and Listeria species were more abundantly isolated in shrimps (80%) and crayfishes (80%) than little neck clams (50%), seawater (25%) and mussels (20%). From the results of serological classes for the seven L. monocytogenes, two strains were defined as type I and the other five strains as type IV.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.628-632
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• 1999

Optimization of the medium and fermentation conditions for erythritol production has been studied. We have found that the optimal carbon source was glucose at the concentration of 400 g/L. The optimal temperature was 3$0^{\circ}C$ with excessive aeration. Improved erythritol productivity was achieved by reducing the yeast extract from 5 g/L to 3g/L while adding 2.7 g/L urea, 1.79g/L $K_2HPO_4, and 0.18g/L MgSO$_4$. 7$H_2O. The erythritol productivity increased from 0.747 g/L/h to 1.071 g/L/h and the yield increased from 31.4% to 45.2%. The byproduct glycerol was reduced from 96.6g/L to 45.7g/L as well. We have performed 5L fermentation with and without the pH control. The erythritol productivity with the pH control was about 30% lower than that without pH control. Excessive foaming of 5L fermentation has been observed during fermentation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 1987

Soy milk prepared from soy protein concentrate was fermented with each of the following lactic acid bacteria: Lactobacillus acidophilus KFCC 12731, L. acidophilus AKU 1122, L. bulgaricus, L. casei, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Streptococcus lactis. The effects of methionine supple mented to soy milk on the growth and acid production by each organism. were investigated. L-methionine reduced the acid production by two strains of L. acidophilus while it had no apparent. effects on the other test cultures. The inhibitory effects of L-methionine on L. acidophilus KFCC 12731 was greater than on L. acidophilus AKU 1122. The acid production by L. acidophilus KFCC 12731 was also reduced substantially by DL-methionine supplemented to soy milk while it was not affected by D-methionine. Supplementation of L-cysteine to soy milk resulted in slight reduction of acid production by L. acido philus KFCC 12731.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.724-730
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• 2013

We investigated the effects of orally administered probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus species) as allergic immune modulators in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with OVA twice at a 2-week interval for allergy sensitization. The mice were then orally administered Lactobacillus casei YIT9029 (L1), L. casei HY7201 (L2), L. brevis HY7401 (L3), or L. plantarum HY20301 (L4) every 2 days for 3 weeks. Total IgE levels significantly decreased in sera of L3-administered mice but increased in the other groups. OVA-specific IgE levels decreased slightly in sera of mice administered L1, L3, and L4 but increased significantly in L2-administered mice. In passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) using sera from administered mice, only the L3-administered group showed reaction inhibition. High expression of TLR-2 with interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ stimulation on peripheral blood mononuclear cells occurred in L3- or L4-administered mice. Th1 cytokines, including IFN-${\gamma}$ and interleukin (IL)-12, increased in splenocytes of L3-administered mice; however, IL-4 decreased in L1- and L4-administered groups; IL-5 decreased in all experimental groups. IL-6 decreased in the L3-administered group; and IL-10 decreased in L1-, L2-, and L3-administered groups. L3 induced antiallergic effects by increasing Th1 cytokines, decreasing Th2 cytokines, and inhibiting the PCA reaction, whereas L2 administration increased allergic effects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.192-196
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• 1985

Eight strains of Lactobacilli(a, b, b', c, d, e, f and g) were isolated from seven Korean liquid-yogurts(A, B, C, D, E, F and G), and identification and tolerance-test to digestive fluids were carried out. Isolate a from yogurt A and isolate a from yogurt E were identified as L. casei, isolate b from yogurt B as L. acidophilus, isolate d from yogurt D as L. bulgaricus, isolate f from yogurt F as L. helveticus, and isolate b' from yogurt B, isolate c from yogurt C and isolate g from yogurt G as L. jugurti, respectively. Isolate f(L. helveticus) and c(L. jugurti) showed high tolerance to artificial gastric juice but didn't to bile acid. Isolate b(L. acidophilus), a(L. casei), and e(L. casei) showed high tolerance to both artificial gastric juice and bile acid, but isolate d(L. bulgaricus), b'(L. jurgurti) and g(L. jugurti) did not.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1037-1042
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• 2018

Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether segmental lumbar hyperlordosis of the affected vertebra in patients with spondylolysis occurs only at L5 or also occurs at L4. Overview of Literature: To the best of our knowledge, increase in segmental lordosis of the spondylolytic vertebrae has only been investigated in bilateral L5 spondylolysis; it has not been examined at different levels of bilateral spondylolysis. According to the characteristics of segmental lordosis in bilateral L5 spondylolysis, patients with bilateral L4 spondylolysis may also have increased segmental lordosis of the L4 vertebra. Methods: Patients with bilateral spondylolysis of the L5 or L4 vertebra in 2013-2015 were retrospectively identified from the hospital database. Standing lateral lumbar radiographs were assessed for the angle of segmental lordosis of the L5 and L4 vertebra, sacral slope, and lumbar lordosis. The differences in segmental lordosis of the L5 and L4 vertebra, sacral slope, and lumbar lordosis were determined using non-paired Student t-test. Results: Overall, 15 cases of bilateral L4 spondylolysis and 41 cases of bilateral L5 spondylolysis satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Lordosis of the L4 vertebra was significantly greater in the bilateral L4 spondylolysis group ($24.2^{\circ}{\pm}7.0^{\circ}$) than that in the L5 spondylolysis group ($20.3^{\circ}{\pm}6.1^{\circ}$, p=0.047). Lordosis of the L5 vertebra was significantly lower in the L4 spondylolysis group ($27.7^{\circ}{\pm}8.2^{\circ}$) than that in the L5 spondylolysis group ($32.5^{\circ}{\pm}7.3^{\circ}$, p=0.040). The sacral slope and lumbar lordosis did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusions: Adolescent patients with bilateral spondylolysis have segmental hyperlordosis of the affected vertebra not only at the L5 level but also at the L4 level.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.133-137
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• 2010

Purpose: The main function of vitamin D is the mineralization of the brain by increase of calcium and phosphorus, in case it is insufficient in children, lime deposition on cartilage cannot occur so it leads to rachitis, and in adults, it leads to osteomalacia or osteoporosis. It is also strongly believed in the academic world that vitamin D can restrict the growth of cancer cells and prevent heart diseases, which is also somewhat proven in epidemiological researches. While the right density of vitamin D is still being studied, 20-32 ng/mL is believed to be the most ideal density. Therefore, I wanted analyze how much density of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 that Koreans possess. Materials and Methods: From February 20th, 2008 to April 21st, 2009, the collection of 2800 serums, from medical examination treated subjects by Neodin Medical Institute, have been tested. The targets were tested by 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (125I Kit: Diasorin, USA), and were analyzed by dividing into many different categories (gender, age, season, region). Results: The average density of male were 20 ng/mL, female 17.08 ng/mL. Per age groups, the density of males were as follows: 10~20-18 ng/mL, 21~30-17 ng/mL, 31~40-19 ng/mL, 41~50-21 ng/mL, 51~60-22 ng/mL, 61~70-22 ng/mL, 71~80-22 ng/mL and 81~90-19.9 ng/mL. Average density of females per age groups, were as follows: 10~20-16 ng/mL, 20~30-15.26 ng/mL, 30~40-16 ng/mL, 40~50-17 ng/mL, 50~60-19 ng/mL, 60~70-19 ng/mL, 70~80-19 ng/mL, and 80~90-17 ng/mL. Per seasons, From December to May, the subjects showed the density of 15.97 ng/mL, while from June to November, it showed 21.60 ng/mL. On density of males from January to April regionally, Seoul+Gyeonggi-Do-15.52 ng/mL, Gangwon-Do-15.33 ng/mL, Choongchung-Do-18.03 ng/mL, Jeonla-Do-18.68 ng/mL, Gyungsang-Do-18.76 ng/mL and Cheju Do-21.23 ng/mL. Conclusions: The vitamin D of Koreans is has been insufficient compared to the suggested amount. Ultraviolet rays, which is the main source of vitamin D is critical, therefore it is suggested that more outdoor activities can definitely help.