• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.32
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• pp.63-118
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the change in literary materials in secondary school Korean textbooks and literature textbooks as per the 2009 revised curriculum. Literary materials in secondary school Korean textbooks have increased student awareness of literary canons because these have been taught and learned through public education. Seodongyo, Gemangmega, and Gasiri in classical poetry and the tale of Heungbu, Pongsan Mask Dance, the Tale of Ch'unhyang and the tale of Honggildong(by Heo Gyun) in classical prose are published in secondary school Korean textbooks and literature textbooks as per the revised curriculum of 2009. A three-verse Korean ode and a classical novel are the most chosen genres in classical literature.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.223-233
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• 2007

For this study, we analyzed spatial and temporal patterns of trophic state and water quality over the period of $2002{\sim}2005$, using the water chemistry dataset obtained from the Korea Rural community & Agriculture corporation. Most reservoirs, based on TN, showed eutrophic (about 88% of the total). About 20% of agricultural reservoirs, based on TP, showed eutrophic after the criteria of OECD (1982), while 71% and 3% were Hesotrophic and oligotrophic, respectively. Seasonal variations were evident due to the intense monsoon rain during July${\sim}$August; conductivity, COD, SS, nutrients, and chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ (CBL) increased in the postmonsoon compared to the premonsoon. TP values had positive functional relations with conductivity, COD, and CHL values. COD and SS peaked during the intense monsoon. Mean values of TP and CHL values were two times greater in the intense monsoon than the weak monsoon. The increased TP was probably due to inorganic suspended solids from point and non-point sources during the monsoon. Ratios of TN : TP had strong in- verse relations ($R^2$=0.843, p<0.001, n=34) with TP, but not with TN (p>0.05, n=34). Log10-transformed CHL increased with TP in most P-limited reservoirs $(Log_{10}TP=0.5{\times}Log_{10}CHL+0.086)$. Similarity analysis, based TN, TP, and CHL showed that three groups were separated at 90% similarity level; One group was reservoirs with high salinity nearby the seawater, and the other two groups were reservoirs with a low salinity of the inland, and intermediate salinity, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1090-1097
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among energy intakes, macronutrient intakes, macronutrient compositions, anthropometric and biochemical variables in natural environment of free-living female college students. The daily energy and macronutricnt intakes were analyzed by means of 3- week dictary records. The waist circumference and insulin level were best anthropometric and bio-chemical correlates with the energy, carbohydrate and protein intakes respectively. However, there were no relationships between waist circumference and insulin verse macronutrient compositions that macro-nutrient intakes were expressed as by the percentage of daily encrgy intakes. There were no relationships between BWI, weight, perccnt body fat and fat mass vs. energy and macronutrient intakes. However, BMI was positively related to the percentage of energy from fat and inversely related to the percentage of energy from carbohydrate in their habitual diet. Triglyceride was negatively correlated to the per-centage of energy from fat and fat intakes. Significant positive correlation was also observed bctween the percentage of energy from protein and HSL-cholcsterol.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.187-201
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using process-based writing poems in the elementary mathematics classrooms. For this study, we chose 128 elementary school students to examine their mathematical achievements and attitude towards mathematics when using process-centered writing poems in the elementary mathematics classrooms. Process-based mathematics and writing programs developed mainly on the geometry units were composed of four levels, idea generation, idea selection, use and idea organization grouped into similar sections in order to separate into two sections. The results of the practice of this study's problem can be summarized as follows. First, the process-based mathematics and writing activity of geometry had a positive impact on academic achievement in mathematics. Although there was not a significant difference in the fourth and fifth grades, significant differences in the fifth and sixth grade were found. Second, in regards to attitudes in mathematics, process-based mathematics and writing activities had a positive impact. In particular, the improvement of mathematical attitudes was evident in all grades. It confirmed the effective facilitation of interest and enjoyment towards learning mathematics by 4th, 5th and 6th graders who had undertaken these mathematics classes.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.23
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• pp.33-48
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• 2005

In my paper, the discussion focuses on the fact that sijo is distinguished from free verse as a separate Identity in that it has its own formal beauty, and the works that deviate from this poetic rule are guarded against. In the past ancient sijo, in terms of both music and literature, was a major genre in harmony with chang(songs) ; and in modern times, sijo been created irrelevantly with chug. But my point is that it will not futile if sijo is accompanied with chang, and, therefore, the latter should be adjusted to a modern taste and go together with the former ; and that, to attain this goal, Korean musicans should cooperate with sijo writers. With English-version sijo works, there are some that are put in accordance with the formality of Engish poetry. This paper indicates that, in this case, foreign readers can't feel the nuances the source text of sijo works could produce, so it is not proper to translate sijo works in accordance with the formality of English poetry. But there are other translations where the 3-jang(statements)-6-gu(phrases) form of the original sijo text is reproduced within the limits of English expressions, with each of the two gu(phrases) in a ing(statement) having an almost equal number of syllables, so that each phrase could be recited within the same length of time. The conclusion is that the Korean-English translations of sijo works should begin with the reproduction of its original formal beauty; but, to do this, sijo writers should create works in accordance with it original formality first. Therefore for good translations of sijo works there should be a mutual efforts between sijo scholars and English poetry scholars.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.85-106
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• 2003

Recently, the sonnet and the shijo, each representing French and Korean formal poetries, are tend to be read with the eyes only, as were more accustomed to written literature. But even after almost three millennia of written literature and increased use of digitalized poems, poetry retains its appeal to the ear as well as to the eye. To read a poem only by eyes might be wrong because it is designed to be read aloud by mouth and understood by ear, and will decrease the aesthetic sense otherwise. It is essential to find the right way to recite a poem in this dramatically changed society, and is especially important when many shijos are changing into digitalized forms to adapt the new wave of our society. The sonnet and the shijo emphasize the importance of the harmony of sounds and rhythms with certain structure, and have their own prosodies. The emotions of the speaker in poems are expressed with words. When they are pronounced. each phoneme has its own phonemic characteristics. When comparing the The Broken Bell(Baudelaire) and Chopoong ga (Jong Seo Kim) in terms of prosody and phonetics. the speakers emotions are closely related with the phonetic structure of each word. In The Broken Bell, the phonetic value of rhymes, repeated phonemes, concentration of front and back vowels. rhythms of onesyllable words shape the overall image of this poem describing the productivity of bells as appose to the sterility of the soul. Chopoong ga also shows the determined and strong will of the speaker by frequent glottalized sounds. distribution and concentration of certain vowels. and frequent use of plosives. As you see in these examples, phones, beats, and rhythms are not the mere transmitter of meaning but possess their expressive values of their own and should be the first to be considered when reciting a poem.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.926-932
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• 2004

This study deals with the statistical analyses on the relationship between the red tide formation and the meteorological factors in the Korean coastal waters. From 1995 to 2002, the red tide was observed every year and the number of occurrences increased as well. The red tide mostly occurred in July, August, September and October. from multiple linear regression, the meteorological factors governing the mechanisms of the increase in the number of red tide occurrences are found to be a water temperature, rainfall, sunshine duration and wind velocity. But water temperature as the limited factor controlling the growth of phytoplankton (Cochlodinium polykrikoids) in 15∼$30^{\circ}c$. NO ＝ 8.089 - 0.319WT + 0.019RF + 0.141SD + 0.l19WV (R ＝ 0.897) in August NO = 7.531 - 0.327WT + 0.027RF + 0.208SD + 0.208WV (R ＝ 0.894) in September Here, NO is the number of occurrence for red tide, WT is water temperature, RF is rainfall, SD is sunshine duration and WV is wind velocity, respectively. The necessary times till the day of red tide occurrence verse the day when water temperature reaches $15^{\circ}c$ are 78∼104 days, then it should be divided the coastal waters into 4 areas by the comparison among the accumulated sunshine duration, water temperature and rainfall as follows； the South West Coast (SW), South Middle Coast (SM), South East Coast(SE) and East South Coast (ES). The coastal areas that red tide occurs were complicated and various by change of marine environments. Usually red tide with a high concentrations (individual number, cells/ml) appeared in SM and SE. It was found that the general situations for the frequencies of red tide formation are mainly concentrated to 24.5∼$25^{\circ}c$ (high water temperature) and eve. 1000 cells/ml (high individual number) such as the category of red tide warning.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.219-232
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• 2024

This study aims to determine the perspectives of pre-service elementary school teachers on the science curriculum in the fourth industrial revolution era. In this study, 128 pre-service elementary school teachers were asked to express their perspectives on the Saber-toothed Tiger Curriculum through photovoice activities. The resulting images were classified into three types: conservative, progressive, and radical perspectives. The number of both conservative and progressive perspectives was similar and high, whereas the number of radical perspectives was l ow. Those who had conservative perspectives on the Saber-toothed Tiger curriculum regarded "Inquiry" as the basis of the science curriculum, which should be maintained regardless of the time period and environment. Similarly, older teachers believed that this curriculum was based on eternal truth, which should be protected. Those who showed progressive perspectives on the Saber-toothed Tiger curriculum regarded a progressive person as someone succeeding to the blood of "New fist," and they showed positive attitudes toward AI-based education such as coding and meta-verse, regarding these practices as part of the teaching and learning method that could replace the existing inquiry-based education. Those who showed radical perspectives on the Saber-toothed Tiger Curriculum assumed critical attitudes toward the rapidly changing political circumstances of science education and criticized conflicts between different social classes formed through progressive curriculum. Based on these results, this study found that pre-service elementary school teachers needed to consider the science curriculum from several different perspectives rather than just one.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 2011

Nuclear medicine images (SPECT, PET) were widely used tool for assessment of myocardial viability and perfusion. However it had difficult to define accurate myocardial infarct region. The purpose of this study was to investigate methodological approach for automatic measurement of rat myocardial infarct size using polar map with adaptive threshold. Rat myocardial infarction model was induced by ligation of the left circumflex artery. PET images were obtained after intravenous injection of 37 MBq $^{18}F$-FDG. After 60 min uptake, each animal was scanned for 20 min with ECG gating. PET data were reconstructed using ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) 2D. To automatically make the myocardial contour and generate polar map, we used QGS software (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center). The reference infarct size was defined by infarction area percentage of the total left myocardium using TTC staining. We used three threshold methods (predefined threshold, Otsu and Multi Gaussian mixture model; MGMM). Predefined threshold method was commonly used in other studies. We applied threshold value form 10% to 90% in step of 10%. Otsu algorithm calculated threshold with the maximum between class variance. MGMM method estimated the distribution of image intensity using multiple Gaussian mixture models (MGMM2, ${\cdots}$ MGMM5) and calculated adaptive threshold. The infarct size in polar map was calculated as the percentage of lower threshold area in polar map from the total polar map area. The measured infarct size using different threshold methods was evaluated by comparison with reference infarct size. The mean difference between with polar map defect size by predefined thresholds (20%, 30%, and 40%) and reference infarct size were $7.04{\pm}3.44%$, $3.87{\pm}2.09%$ and $2.15{\pm}2.07%$, respectively. Otsu verse reference infarct size was $3.56{\pm}4.16%$. MGMM methods verse reference infarct size was $2.29{\pm}1.94%$. The predefined threshold (30%) showed the smallest mean difference with reference infarct size. However, MGMM was more accurate than predefined threshold in under 10% reference infarct size case (MGMM: 0.006%, predefined threshold: 0.59%). In this study, we was to evaluate myocardial infarct size in polar map using multiple Gaussian mixture model. MGMM method was provide adaptive threshold in each subject and will be a useful for automatic measurement of infarct size.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.277-282
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• 2011

Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) materials have been widely studied for industrial applications, such as sensors and temperature compensation devices. NTC thermistor thick films of $Ni_{1+x}Mn_{2-x}O_{4+{\delta}}$ (x = 0.05, 0, -0.05) were fabricated on a glass substrate using the aerosol deposition method at room temperature. Resistance verse temperature (R-T) characteristics of the as-deposited films showed that the B constant ranged from 3900 to 4200 K between $25^{\circ}C$ and $85^{\circ}C$ without heat treatment. When the film was annealed at $600^{\circ}C$ 1h, the resistivity of the film gradually decreased due to crystallization and grain growth. The resistivity and the activation energy of films annealed at $600^{\circ}C$ for 1 h were 5.203, 5.95, and 4.772 $K{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ and 351, 326, and 299 meV for $Ni_{0.95}Mn_{2.05}O_{4+{\delta}}$, $NiMn_2O_4$, and $Ni_{1.05}Mn_{1.95}O_{4+{\delta}}$, respectively. The annealing process induced insulating $Mn_2O_3$ in the Ni deficient $Ni_{0.95}Mn_{2.05}O_{4+{\delta}}$ composition resulting in large resistivity and activation energy. Meanwhile, excess Ni in $Ni_{1.05}Mn_{1.95}O_{4+{\delta}}$ suppressed the abnormal grain growth and changed $Mn^{3+}$ to $Mn^{4+}$, giving lower resistivity and activation energy.