• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.37-53
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to recognize the effects of parenting behaviors as perceived by female high school students on their loneliness and perceived competence. The subjects of this research consisted of 301 female high school students. The data collected were analyzed by multi-regression analysis. The father and mother's behaviors, defined as inconsistency, intrusiveness, physical abuse and neglect, all- resulted in increased levels of loneliness amongst the subjects, and also negatively influenced their perceived competence. However, the parent's monitoring, reasoning and affection behaviors tended to reduced loneliness and perceived lack of competence. The father and mother's affection, when recognized as such by female adolescents, revealed itself to be a positive influence on their various areas of perceived competence. In conclusion, parenting behaviors may affect loneliness and perceived competence on the part of female adolescents during the ego-identity formation stage.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 1985

This paper attempts to search demagraphic and socio characteristics of unmarried female workers aged 15-19 years using the data of unmarried female factory workers' survey made by the Korea Institute for Population and Health. Total number of female workers analysed for the study is 250, most of them finished high school(58 percent) or middle school(37 percent). Their average monthly income is 97,000 won and the income is mainly used for self-support, family support and saving for future plan. While 67 percent of the respndents have had experience of association with opposite sex, most of them insisted that purity of female should be kept until marriage As result, sex and population education program for those young female workers should be strengthened in consideration with their age characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.107-113
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• 2007

The purpose of this study were to investigate the effects of knee brace on the knee muscular neuro-biomechanical variables during the rebound in female highschool basketball players. Twelve high school female ($17.9{\pm}0.8years$) basketball players rebound jumped for maximal vertical height to sufficiently stress the anterior cruciate ligament with and without knee brace. Kinematic data were collected to estimate the knee flexion, abduction angles and jump height. The EMG data from the biceps femoris and rectus femoris was used to estimate the ratio of quadriceps muscle activity. Female athletes with knee brace showed more reduced the knee abduction angle and the ratio of quadriceps muscle activity at foot contact phase than without knee brace. In conclusion, Female athletes with brace reduced knee anterior cruciate ligament loads.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.287-292
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• 2002

Functional characterization of sex pheromones in olfactory responses is essential for the study of chemical communications in amphibians. Using Y-maze olfactory preference tests, we have investigated the olfactory res-ponses of male and female red-spotted newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, to the crude extracts of the opposite sex's genial and cloacal pheromones. Both male and female cloacal pheromone extracts caused the opposite sex to initiate olfactory responses by leaving the starting area in the Y-maze, but only subject males exposed to female cloacal pheromone extracts completed olfactory choice by entering the side arm of the Y-maze which received the pheromones. For genial pheromone extracts, only female genial pheromone extracts induced initial olfactory responses from test males. Neither male nor female genial pheromone extracts made the oppo-site sex complete olfactory choice. Pre-exposure of test females to male pheromone extracts increased the likelihood of initial olfactory responses. The latency for initial olfactory responses of test females that were previously exposed to male genial extracts was significantly shorter than that of control females.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.407-412
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the net joint moment and joint power of the lower extremity during squat in female patients with genu varum. Method: Eight female patients with genu varum were asked to do regular squats, and their net joint moment and joint power were compared to those of another eight female participants with straight legs. Their video recordings and ground reaction force data were analyzed to be used as a theoretical evidence of squatting effectively for female patients with genu varum. Results: Squats had a higher impact on internal knee joint rotation and ankle joint flexion moments in the genu varum group than in the straight leg group due to their weak and short hip joint muscles. Conclusion: There is a need to develop a squat movement that is appropriate for women with genu varum in order to distribute overload efficiently among the hip, knee, and ankle joints and to strengthen the muscles in a balanced way.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate self-perception of health and body image, blood lipid profiles and nutrient intake of adolescents. The subjects were 686 adolescent boys (379 middle school students, 307 high school students) and 613 adolescent girls (272 middle school students, 341 high school students) in Incheon. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by a self-administered questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL- and HDL-cholesterol. Nutrient intakes collected from 3 day-recalls were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 10.0 program. Average age, height and weight of male middle school students were 13.8 years, 163.5cm, 56.0kg and those of male high school students were 16.5 years, 171.7cm, 64.3kg. In female, average age, height and weight of middle school students were 13.7 years, 157.1cm, 51.5kg and those of high school students were 16.6 years, 159.7cm, 56.8kg. Female middle school students perceived their health status significantly better compared to female high school students (p < 0.001). Female high school students perceived themselves significantly fatter compared to female middle school students (p < 0.05). Average TG level of female middle school students was significantly higher compared to female high school students (p < 0.01). Nutrient intakes of the male and female students except phosphorus were lower than the Korean RDA. Especially, calcium and iron intakes of male and female students were under the 65% of the Korean RDA. Therefore, proper nutrition education is required for Korean adolescents to encourage desirable food habits and maintain nutritional lipids status. (J Community Nutrition 5(1) : 3∼12, 2003)

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.29-42
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• 2004

Women are unlikely to receive an equal education, compared to men, in rural Korean society despite the equality in labor sharing. To address this issue this research aims to (a) analyze the educational needs for farming skills and daily life management in rural communities, and (b) develop a model for educational programs reflecting regional characteristics for the female farmers in order to make them experts in agriculture. A structured questionnaire was administered, using a group interview method, to 366 female farmers from the Jeonnam, Chungbuk, and Gyeonggi provinces with help of agricultural agents. The major components of the questionnaire dealt with individual peculiarities, educational environment, and curriculum and training subjects wanted by the female farmers. Educational program content was classified as daily life management, scientific farming and agricultural management skills to create systematic and effective programs. It was found that the critical factors for developing educational programs for the female farmers are as follows: a. It is necessary to develop a program combining daily life management skills and farming skills to make the female farmers experts in agriculture. b. Statistically significant differences were found in the female farmers' educational program participation and needs based educational level, age, educational expenditure, farm type, farming experience, and farm scale. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a program considering the fore-mentioned socioeconomic status and farming characteristics. c. It is important to establish an educational system for the female farmer to improve their quality of life as a minority group in Korean society. In addition, it is also necessary to develop public relations program to ensure that female farmers recognize the importance and necessity of the education.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.227-246
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to generate theoretical and policy suggestions on the policy for elderly welfare by comparatively analyzing factors related to life satisfaction for the male and female elderly. The survey subjects were 403 people over 60 years old who lived in J city of Gyeongsangnam-do Province, with 214 male elderly and 189 female elderly participants. Factors, that commonly had aninfluence on life satisfaction in the male and female elderly included subjective health level and subjective economic level. A gender difference was apparent among the male and female elderly for the male elderly, age had a primary influence on life satisfaction. However, for the female elderly, academic background, religion, and frequency of contact with children had a large influence. Accordingly, the female elderly were seen to be influenced more by environment than the male elderly. This study will help to generate a comprehensive understanding of diversity among the male and female elderly, contribute to improving diverse elements in the environment and to laying out a plan an elderly welfare policy that will increase life satisfaction among the male and female elderly, and offer implications for further research that will be conducive to understanding the differences between male and female elderly people.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.892-900
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the clinical characteristics of 78 diabetics by body fat distribution pattern. It was based on the survey of nutritional status, anthropometric measurements and serum components of the patients. The results were as follows: the average ages of male and female subjects were 57.1, and that of female subjects was 58.9, respectively. The average diabetic durations of male and female subjects were 4.8 and 5.9 years, respectively. In male, the ratio of upper body obese subject was 62.5% and the lower body obese subjects was 37.5%, while those of female were 69.4% and 30.6%, respectively. In nutrient intake state, there was no significant difference between male and female subjects, but calory intake of upper body obese subjects was difference between male and female subjects, but calory intake of upper body obese subjects was tend to be higher in both male and female subjects. among the three major nutrients/calory ratio, protein/calory ratio was significantly lower in the male upper body obese subjects than in the male lower body obese subjects. Since weight, circumference of arm and waist, waist hip ratio(WHR) of both male and female subjects, body muscle mass(BMM) of male subjects and body mass index (BMI) of female subjects were significantly higher in upper body obese group, upper body obese subjects represented ore fat than lower body obese subjects. In male subjects, hemoglobin(Hb), A/G of upper body obese subjects were lower than the standard value, but there was no significant difference in the serum components between two subjects. In female subjects, Hb and A/G of lower body obese subjects were lower than those of the normal subjects, but Hb and Ht of upper body obese subjects were significantly higher than those of the lower body obese subjects.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.135-140
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• 1984

In spite of many projections of TMJ, there are rarely satisfactory projections of TMJ. The author traced and measured the P-A cephalograms, which number is 70 in each male and female, them finding the following results. 1. The long axis of the condyle is 19.80㎜ on the right, and 19.89㎜ on the left in male, and that of 18.65㎜ on the right and 18.10㎜ on the left in female. 2. The intercondylar distance is 119.02㎜ in male, and 108.20㎜ in female, resulting that the intercondylar distance in male is much longer than that in female. 3. The right and left deviation of the midline passing through the center of the intercondylar distance and prosthion is +0.37㎜ in male, +0.64㎜ in female, and its range is from -4.6 to +5.7㎜ in male, and from -3.2 to +6.1㎜ in female, resulting that prosthion nearly coincides with midline. 4. The angle of the intercondylar distance and the long axis (vertical angle) is +5.48' in male, and +6.02' in female, resulting that there is a little difference between male and female and the angle of the right is greater than that of the left in both male and female. 5. The typology of the condyle in sum of male and female is; Right: A type 55 (39.3%), B type 66 (47.1%), C type, 12 (8.6%), D type, 7 (5.0%), E type, 0 (0%) Left: A type, 60 (42.9%), B type, 58 (41.4%), C type, 14 (10.0%), D type, 8 (5.7%), E type, 0 (0%) 6. The distribution of the typology between the right and the left is; AA 26 (18.6%), AB 50 (35.7%), AC 10 (7.1%), AD 3 (2.1%) BB 26 (18.6%), BC 13 (9.3%), BD 9 (6.4%), CC 0 (0%), CD 3 (2.1%)