• Medical Lasers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2021

As technology advances at a rapid rate, innovations in regenerative medicine will eventually include the use of energy-based therapeutics, such as low intensity-pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUs), pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation (PMFs), and low-level laser/light therapy (LLLt) or photobiomodulation therapy (PBMt). Among these treatments, LLLt/PBMt attracted significant attention by the turn of the century, as evidenced by the numerous publications compared to LIPUs and PMFs, particularly for augmented bone regeneration (ABR). This is a testament of how the maturation of technology and scientific knowledge leads to latent compounded applications, even when the value of a technique is reliant on empirical data. This article reviews some of the notable investigations using LLLt/PBMt for bone regeneration published in the past decade, focusing on how this type of therapy has been utilized together with the existing regenerative medicine landscape.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.381-389
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• 2022

With the collection of huge volumes of text, image, audio, video or combinations of these, in a word multimedia data, the need to explore them in order to discover possible new, unexpected and possibly valuable information for decision making was born. Starting from the already existing data mining, but not as its extension, multimedia mining appeared as a distinct field with increased complexity and many characteristic aspects. Later, the concept of big data was extended to multimedia, resulting in multimedia big data, which in turn attracted the multimedia big data mining process. This paper aims to survey multimedia data mining, starting from the general concept and following the transition from multimedia data mining to multimedia big data mining, through an up-to-date synthesis of works in the field, which is a novelty, from our best of knowledge.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.422-434
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to investigate the actual conditions of primary school science teaching and ways to improve it. In elementary science teaching, teachers themselves tend to have science misconceptions and insufficient science content knowledge. Experienced teachers argued that it could be hard for elementary teachers with lack of science content knowledge to provide their students with meaningful learning experiences of science. Based on the general characteristics of elementary teaching and the awareness of elementary teachers' insufficient science content knowledge, we explored the real situation of the elementary science classroom. We conducted open-ended interviews with teachers and focus group discussions on a regular basis to analyze and compare classes of five primary school teachers. Data analysis focused on why elementary students avoid science classes in upper grades of elementary school and why elementary science classes always need hands-on activities. We also discussed ways to turn hands-on investigation into minds-on investigation by connecting it to important ideas in science. Based on the results, we suggested ways to improve inservice teacher training such as designing supplementary in-service training focused on content knowledge for primary school teachers, setting up professional exchange or collaboration between primary and secondary teachers, and introducing subject-specialized teachers for the fifth and sixth graders of primary school. In particular, considering elementary teachers' insufficient science content knowledge, employing science subject matter specialists in the elementary school could be a useful strategy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7645-7652
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• 2014

Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial solid tumor, accounts for 10% of childhood cancer. To date, scientists have gained quite a lot of knowledge about microRNAs (miRNAs) and their genes in NB. Discovering inner regulation networks, however, still presents problems. Our study was focused on determining differentially-expressed miRNAs, their target genes and transcription factors (TFs) which exert profound influence on the pathogenesis of NB. Here we constructed three regulatory networks: differentially-expressed, related and global. We compared and analyzed the differences between the three networks to distinguish key pathways and significant nodes. Certain pathways demonstrated specific features. The differentially-expressed network consists of already identified differentially-expressed genes, miRNAs and their host genes. With this network, we can clearly see how pathways of differentially expressed genes, differentially expressed miRNAs and TFs affect on the progression of NB. MYCN, for example, which is a mutated gene of NB, is targeted by hsa-miR-29a and hsa-miR-34a, and regulates another eight differentially-expressed miRNAs that target genes VEGFA, BCL2, REL2 and so on. Further related genes and miRNAs were obtained to construct the related network and it was observed that a miRNA and its target gene exhibit special features. Hsa-miR-34a, for example, targets gene MYC, which regulates hsa-miR-34a in turn. This forms a self-adaption association. TFs like MYC and PTEN having six types of adjacent nodes and other classes of TFs investigated really can help to demonstrate that TFs affect pathways through expressions of significant miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of NB. The present study providing comprehensive data partially reveals the mechanism of NB and should facilitate future studies to gain more significant and related data results for NB.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.557-574
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• 2013

The paper examines the recent criticism from various viewpoints on landscape research in 'New cultural geography' focusing on the representation and duplicity of landscape as one of the key theoretical basis of the landscape school. The paper argues that landscape theories in new cultural geography should be considered as what is constantly changing over time and composed of various theoretical and genealogical elements rather than internally homogeneous, fixed, and closed system of knowledge. Through the recent 'phenomenological turn' of geography, landscape researchers explores a possibility of alternative approach to the existing theories and methods, which is so called NRT(Non-representational theory). The research objectives of the paper is to examine the theoretical and practical implications of such significant criticisms, which put emphasis on the idea of landscape as performance and practice rather than landscape as representation in cultural geography.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.57-75
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• 2013

It is a well-established theory that emotion is influential in cognitive processing. Extensive prior research on emotion has shown that emotional factors, such as affect, mood, and feeling, play as information indicating whether he or she has enough knowledge. Most of their findings focused on the effect of emotional valence (i.g., one's subjective positivity or negativity related with the emotion). Recently, several studies on emotion suggest that there is another dimension of emotion, which affects the type of cognitive processing. The studies argue that emotional certainty facilitates heuristic processing, whereas emotional uncertainty promotes systematic processing. Based on the findings, current study examines the effect of certainty on attitudes and recall. Specifically, the authors investigate the effect of certainty on how much effort individuals use to process advertising information and how certainty affects attitude formation toward the advertised product. The authors also focus on recall to clarify the working mechanism of certainty on attitudes, because recall performance reflects the depth of information processing. Based on previous findings, the authors hypothesize that uncertainty (vs. certainty) leads to more favorable attitudes as well as better recall, and conduct an experiment using a fictitious advertisement with 218 participants. The results confirm the predicted effects of certainty only on attitudes not recall. A possible explanation of this discrepancy between attitudes and recall lies in the measurement method, unaided recall. To rule out this possibility, the authors perform an additional analysis with the participants who recall any correct information of the target advertisement. The results show certainty has a negative effect on both attitudes and recall. A bootstrapping test reveals that recall mediates the effect of certainty on attitudes. This result confirms that certainty decreases elaboration, which in turn leads to less favorable attitudes relative to uncertainty. Additionally, our data shows the association among certainty, recall, and attitudes by showing the indirect effect of certainty on attitudes via recall. This research encourages practitioners in the field to emphasize that they should focus on target audiences' emotional certainty before they provide the persuasive message, by showing that uncertainty promotes effortful processing, which in turn leads to better memory and more favorable attitudes.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.520-532
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• 2015

The purposes of this study were to examine what kinds of educational activities were carried out during the practice teaching based on CoRe and to identify the role of CoRe and its influence on the development of expertise of student teachers. This study was performed as qualitative case study. The subjects of this study were one practice supervisor teacher and two student teachers. Data were collected through recording CoRe discussion process, student teachers' instructional scene, and semi-constructed interview, and analyzed by an inductive method. Student teachers noticed their own misconceptions, and clarified the concepts based on CoRe during the discussion with supervisor teacher. They also supplemented their lack of knowledge and made up new strategies through the process of sharing their ideas. During the discussion, the supervisor teacher conveyed his teaching experience based on his own orientations toward science teaching. In this course, CoRe plays roles as follows. Firstly, CoRe played a role as guiding supervisor teacher's coaching process. Secondly, CoRe helped for the supervisor teacher to recognize their own PCK. Thirdly, CoRe served as a tool of helping their communication. In turn CoRe proved to be a useful frame for teaching student teachers during practice teaching. Student teachers were provided with a useful framework for preparing lessons by developing CoRe for the topic they teach. Developing CoRe with supervisor teacher at the planning stage of lessons enhenced student-teachers' subject matter knowledge and their PCK including knowledge of science curricula and knowledge of student's understanding of science. Also student teachers understood the components of PCK and experienced the positive understanding toward students, teaching activities, and themselves as a science teacher.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.109-122
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• 2000

The present study examined the causal relationships among nurses' perceived autonomy, job satisfaction, work environment (work overload, role conflict, situational support, head nurses' leadership), personal aspects(experiences, need for achievement, professional knowledge and skill) by constructing and testing a theoretical framework. Based on literature review nurses' perceived autonomy and job satisfaction were conceived of as outcomes of the interplay among work environment and personal characteristics. Work environment factors involved work overload, role conflict, situational support, and head nurses' leadership (task oriented leadership, relation oriented leadership). Personal charateristics included experiences, need for achievement, and professional knowledge and skill. Three large general hospital in Chonbuk were selected to participate. The total sample of 516 registered nurses represents a response rate of 92 percent. Data for this study was collected from July to September in 1998 by Questionnaire. Path analyses with LISREL 7.16 program were used to test the fit of the proposed conceptual model to the data and to examine the causal relationship among variables. The result showed that both the proposed model and the modified model fit the data excellently. It needs to be notified, however, that path analisis can not count measurement errors; measurement error can attenuate estimates of coefficient and explanatory power. Nevertheless the model revealed relatively high explanatory power. 42 percent of nurses' perceived autonomy was explained by predicted variables; 32 percent of nurses' job satisfaction was explained by by predicted variables. Tn predicting nurses' perceived autonomy the findings of this study clearly demonstrated the work overload might be the most important variable of all the antecedent variables. Head nurses' relation oriented leadership, situational supports, need for achievement, and role conflict were also found to be important determinants for nurses' perceived autonomy. As for the job satisfaction, role conflict, situational supports, need for the achievement, and head nurses' relation oriented leadership were in turn important predictors. Unexpectedly the result showed perceived autonomy have few influence on job satisfaction. The results were discussed, including directions for the future research and practical implication drawn from the research were suggested.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 1997

A practice is classified into the practice as a content and the practice as a method. The former means that the practical nature of mathematical knowledge itself should be a content of mathematics and the latter means that one should teach the mathematical knowledge in such a way as the practical nature is not damaged. The practical nature of mathematics means mathematician's activity as it is actually done. Activities of the mathematician are not only discovering strict proofs or building axiomatic system but informal thinking activities such as generalization, analogy, abstraction, induction etc. In this study, it is found that the most instructive ones for the future users of mathematics are such practice as content. For the practice as a method, students might learn, by becoming apprentice mathematicians, to do what master mathematicians do in their everyday practice. Classrooms are cultural milieux and microsoms of mathematical culture in which there are sets of beliefs and values that are perpetuated by the day-to-day practices and rituals of the cultures. Therefore, the students' sense of ‘what mathematics is really about’ is shaped by the culture of school mathematics. In turn, the sense of what mathematics is really all about determines how the students use the mathematics they have learned. In this sense, the practice on which classroom instruction might be modelled is that of mathematicians at work. To learn mathematics is to enter into an ongoing conversation conducted between practitioners who share common language. So students should experience mathematics in a way similar to the way mathematicians live it. It implies a view of mathematics classrooms as a places in which classroom activity is directed not simply toward the acquisition of the content of mathematics in the form of concepts and procedures but rather toward the individual and collaborative practice of mathematical thinking.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.137-157
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• 2020

The medical tourism industry, a convergence of medical services and tourism, has been getting more and more popularity as a new value-added industry in the 21st century. Accordingly, the number of professional workers within this industry has been increasing, and the role of educational institutions to cultivate well-equipped human resources has also become critical. However, compared to practically activated medical tourism-related education programs, studies investigating the effectiveness of these education programs are relatively rare. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the effect of five dimensions of medical tourism education service quality (i.e., tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) on learners' education satisfaction and transfer of education training. In addition, the moderating roles of national relations as well as organizational characteristics (i.e., transfer climate and support of supervisors and colleagues) in the relationship between education satisfaction and transfer of education training are further verified. The results of the structural equation model (SEM) using 151 samples from respondents with experience in completing medical tourism education programs reveal that tangibles, reliability, and assurance are found to have a significant impact on education satisfaction, which in turn leads to a high level of transfer of education training. Moreover, it is found that national relations and support of supervisors and colleagues play a moderating role. This study would provide guidelines for improving the efficiency of educational institutions, creating outcomes for learners' affiliated firms (e.g., hospitals), and promoting medical tourism at the national level from the perspective of medical tourism education.