• 한국과학예술포럼
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• 제22권
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• pp.169-183
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• 2015

시대가 급변함에 따라 한 시대를 대변하는 문화는 보다 세분화되고 복잡해지고 있다. 문화적 다양성으로 인해 과거 공간 중심의 개별적인 분야에서 이해할 수 있었던 영향, 요인, 특성들이 단일 분야만의 관점으로는 이해할 수 없게 되었으며, 미래의 변화를 예측하고 대응하는 것 자체가 어려워지고 있다. 이렇게 정보와 지식 전달체계의 발전으로 공간을 형성하기 위한 여러 가지 문화 콘텐츠가 다양하게 생성되고 소멸되고 있으나, 한 가지 관점만으로 설명 또는 이해가 될 수 없는 부분들이 많다. 이러한 현상들을 살펴보기 위해 본 논문에서는 1995년 12월 유네스코 세계문화유산으로 지정된 종묘의 유·무형적 콘텐츠를 도출하여 공간의 형성에 주요한 요인이 된, 핵심적인 요소들을 살펴보고 그 관련요소들의 중요성을 고찰해 보고자 한다. 본 연구에서 분석 방법론으로 적용되는 텍스트 마이닝 분석 기법은 공간을 해석함에 있어 새로운 가치 판단과 관점이라 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 과거로부터 현재까지 이어져 오고 있는 우리나라 전통공간의 다양한 유·무형 콘텐츠 영향 요인을 통해 공간을 다각적으로 해석하기 위한 틀을 제공하고자 새롭게 시도되는 연구이다.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.115-137
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 디지털 전환시대에 선도적인 관점에서 신기술을 흡수하고 혁신적 변화가 요구되고 있는 IT-BPO 기업을 대상으로 조직 핵심역량과 흡수역량이 시장지향성 및 기술지향성에 미치는 관계를 분석하고, 나아가 경영성과에 미치는 관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위한 연구방법으로 국내 IT-BPO 비즈니스를 수행하고 있는 업체를 대상으로 온라인 전문리서치 업체 및 오프라인 설문조사를 병행하여 291부를 회수하였으며, 분석방법으로는 기술통계와 신뢰도 분석에는 SPSS 23, 타당성, 매개효과를 포함한 연구가설 검증은 AMOS23을 이용하여 분석하였다. 주요 분석결과, 첫째, 혁신역량과 흡수역량 요인이 시장지향성에 미치는 관계에서는 학습역량과 지식네트워크 역량이 시장지향성에 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 혁신역량과 흡수역량 요인이 기술지향성에 미치는 관계에서는 R&D역량, 잠재적 흡수역량 및 실현적 흡수역량이 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 혁신역량과 흡수역량 요인이 경영성과에 미치는 영향 관계에서는 R&D역량만이 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 시장지향성과 기술지향성이 경영성과에 미치는 관계에서는 시장지향성과 기술지향성 모두 경영성과에 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 IT-BPO 기업이 성장과 가치창출을 높이기 위해 추구하는 시장지향성이나 기술지향성 유형에 따라 효과적인 역량요인을 제시함으로써 전략 목적에 따른 차별적 역량 강화방안에 하나에 시사점을 제시할 것으로 보인다.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제7권
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• pp.64-104
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• 2005

Visual media transmits image and information reproduced in large quantities, such as a photography, film, television, video, advertisement, or computer image. Correspondence to the students' reception and recognition of culture in the future. arrangements for the field of studies of visual culture. 'Visual Culture' implies cultural phenomena of visual images via visual media, which includes not only the categories of traditional arts like a painting, sculpture, print, or design, but the performance arts including a fashion show or parade of carnival, and the mass and electronic media like a photography, film, television, video, advertisement, cartoon, animation, or computer image. In the world of visual media, Image' functions as an essential medium of communication. Therefore, people call the culture of today fra of Image Culture', which has been converted from an alphabet convergence era to an image convergence one. Image, via visual media, has become a dominant means for communication in large part of human life, so we can designate an Image' as a typical aspect of visual culture today. Image, as an essential medium of communication, plays an important role in contemporary society. The one way is the conversion of analogue image like an actual picture, photograph, or film into digital one through the digitalization of digital camera or scanner as 'an analogue/digital commutator'. The other is a way of process with a computer drawing, or modeling of objects. It is appropriate to the production of pictorial and surreal images. Digital images, produced by the other, can be divided into the form of Pixel' and form of Vector'. Vector is a line linking the point of departure to the point of end, which organizes informations. Computer stores each line's standard location and correlative locations to one another Digital image shows for more 'Perfectness' than any other visual media. Digital image has been evolving in the diverse aspects, such as a production of geometrical or organic image compositing, interactive art, multimedia art, or web art, which has been applied a computer as an extended trot of painting. Someone often interprets digitalized copy with endless reproduction of original even as an extension of a print. Visual af is no longer a simple activity of representation by a painter or sculptor, but now is intimately associated with a matter of application of media. There is some problem in images via visual media. First, the image via media doesn't reflect a reality as it is, but reflects an artificial manipulated world, that is, a virtual reality. Second, the introduction of digital effect and the development of image processing technology have enhanced a spectacle of destructive and violent scenes. Third, a child intends to recognize the interactive images of computer game and virtual reality as a reality, or truth. Education needs not only to point out an ill effect of mass media and prevent the younger generation from being damaged by it, but also to offer a knowledge and know-how to cope actively with social, cultural circumstances. Visual media education is one of these essential methods for the contemporary and future human being in the overflowing of image informations. The fosterage of 'Visual Literacy' can be considered as a very purpose of visual media education. This is a way to lead an individual to the discerning, active consumer and producer of visual media in life as far as possible. The elements of 'Visual Literacy' can be divided into a faculty of recognition related to the visual media, a faculty of critical reception, a faculty of appropriate application, a faculty of active work and a faculty of creative modeling, which are promoted at the same time by the education of 'visual literacy'. In conclusion, the education of 'Visual Literacy' guides students to comprehend and discriminate the visual image media carefully, or receive them critically, apply them properly, or produce them creatively and voluntarily. Moreover, it leads to an artistic activity by means of new media. This education can be approached and enhanced by the connection and integration with real life. Visual arts and education of them play an important role in the digital era depended on visual communications via image information. Visual me야a of day functions as an essential element both in daily life and in arts. Students can soundly understand visual phenomena of today by means of visual media, and apply it as an expression tool of life culture as well. A new recognition and valuation visual image and media education is required to cultivate the capability of active, upright dealing with the changes of history of civilization. 1) Visual media education helps to cultivate a sensibility for images, which reacts to and deals with the circumstances. 2) It helps students to comprehend the contemporary arts and culture via new media. 3) It supplies a chance of students' experiencing a visual modeling by means of new media. 4) There are educational opportunities of images with temporality and spaciality, and therefore a discerning person becomes to increase. 5) The modeling activity via new media leads students to be continuously interested in the school and production of plastic arts. 6) It raises the ability of visual communications dealing with image information society. 7) An education of digital image is significant in respect of cultivation of man of talent for the future society of image information as well. To correspond to the changing and developing social, cultural circumstances, and the form and recognition of students' reception of them, visual arts education must arrange the field of studying on a new visual culture. Besides, a program needs to be developed, which is in more systematic and active level in relation to visual media education. Educational contents should be extended to the media for visual images, that is, photography, film, television, video, computer graphic, animation, music video, computer game and multimedia. Every media must be separately approached, because they maintain the modes and peculiarities of their own according to the conveyance form of message. The concrete and systematic method of teaching and the quality of education must be researched and developed, centering around the development of a course of study. Teacher's foundational capability of teaching should be cultivated for the visual media education. In this case, it must be paid attention to the fact that a technological level of media is considered as a secondary. Because school education doesn't intend to train expert and skillful producers, but intends to lay stress on the essential aesthetic one with visual media under the social and cultural context, in respect of a consumer including a man of culture.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.191-210
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• 2014

As mobile devices that can be connected to the Internet have spread and networking has become possible whenever/wherever, the Internet has become central in the dissemination and consumption of news. Accordingly, the ways news is gathered, disseminated, and consumed have changed greatly. In the traditional news media such as magazines and newspapers, expert editors determined what events were worthy of deploying their staffs or freelancers to cover and what stories from newswires or other sources would be printed. Furthermore, they determined how these stories would be displayed in their publications in terms of page placement, space allocation, type sizes, photographs, and other graphic elements. In turn, readers-news consumers-judged the importance of news not only by its subject and content, but also through subsidiary information such as its location and how it was displayed. Their judgments reflected their acceptance of an assumption that these expert editors had the knowledge and ability not only to serve as gatekeepers in determining what news was valuable and important but also how to rank its value and importance. As such, news assembled, dispensed, and consumed in this manner can be said to be expert-based recommended news. However, in the era of Internet news, the role of expert editors as gatekeepers has been greatly diminished. Many Internet news sites offer a huge volume of news on diverse topics from many media companies, thereby eliminating in many cases the gatekeeper role of expert editors. One result has been to turn news users from passive receptacles into activists who search for news that reflects their interests or tastes. To solve the problem of an overload of information and enhance the efficiency of news users' searches, Internet news sites have introduced numerous recommendation techniques. Recommendations based on popularity constitute one of the most frequently used of these techniques. This popularity-based approach shows a list of those news items that have been read and shared by many people, based on users' behavior such as clicks, evaluations, and sharing. "most-viewed list," "most-replied list," and "real-time issue" found on news sites belong to this system. Given that collective intelligence serves as the premise of these popularity-based recommendations, popularity-based news recommendations would be considered highly important because stories that have been read and shared by many people are presumably more likely to be better than those preferred by only a few people. However, these recommendations may reflect a popularity bias because stories judged likely to be more popular have been placed where they will be most noticeable. As a result, such stories are more likely to be continuously exposed and included in popularity-based recommended news lists. Popular news stories cannot be said to be necessarily those that are most important to readers. Given that many people use popularity-based recommended news and that the popularity-based recommendation approach greatly affects patterns of news use, a review of whether popularity-based news recommendations actually reflect important news can be said to be an indispensable procedure. Therefore, in this study, popularity-based news recommendations of an Internet news portal was compared with top placements of news in printed newspapers, and news users' judgments of which stories were personally and socially important were analyzed. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, content analyses were used to compare the content of the popularity-based news recommendations of an Internet news site with those of the expert-based news recommendations of printed newspapers. Five days of news stories were collected. "most-viewed list" of the Naver portal site were used as the popularity-based recommendations; the expert-based recommendations were represented by the top pieces of news from five major daily newspapers-the Chosun Ilbo, the JoongAng Ilbo, the Dong-A Daily News, the Hankyoreh Shinmun, and the Kyunghyang Shinmun. In the second stage, along with the news stories collected in the first stage, some Internet news stories and some news stories from printed newspapers that the Internet and the newspapers did not have in common were randomly extracted and used in online questionnaire surveys that asked the importance of these selected news stories. According to our analysis, only 10.81% of the popularity-based news recommendations were similar in content with the expert-based news judgments. Therefore, the content of popularity-based news recommendations appears to be quite different from the content of expert-based recommendations. The differences in importance between these two groups of news stories were analyzed, and the results indicated that whereas the two groups did not differ significantly in their recommendations of stories of personal importance, the expert-based recommendations ranked higher in social importance. This study has importance for theory in its examination of popularity-based news recommendations from the two theoretical viewpoints of collective intelligence and popularity bias and by its use of both qualitative (content analysis) and quantitative methods (questionnaires). It also sheds light on the differences in the role of media channels that fulfill an agenda-setting function and Internet news sites that treat news from the viewpoint of markets.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.81-101
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• 2011

In today's rapidly changing and increasingly competitive business environment, new product development in tune with market trends in a timely manner has been a matter of the utmost concern for all enterprises. Indeed, developing a sustainable new business has been a top priority for not only business enterprises, but also for the government policy makers accountable for the health of Its national economy as well as for decision makers in what type of organizations. Further, for a soft landing of new businesses, building a government-initiated industry base has been claimed to be necessary as a way to effectively boost corporate activities. However, the existing methodology in new service and new product development is not suitable for nurturing industry, because it is mainly focused on the research and development of corporate business activities instead of new product development. The approach for developing new business is based on 'innovation' and 'convergence.' Yet, the convergence among technologies, supplies, businesses and industries is believed to be more effective than innovation alone as a way to gain momentum. Therefore, it has become more important than ever to study a new methodology based on convergence in industrial quality new product development (NPD) and new service development (NDS). In this research, therefore, we reviewed any restrictions in the existing new product and new service development methodology and the existing business model development methodology. In doing so, we conducted industry standard collaboration analysis on a new service model development methodology in the private sector and the public sector. This approach is fundamentally different from the existing one in that ours focuses on new business development under private management. The suggested framework can be categorized into industry level and service level. First, in the industry level, we define new business opportunities In occurrence of convergence between businesses. For this, we analyze the existing industry at the industry level to identify the opportunities in a market and its business attractiveness, based on which the convergence industry is formulated. Also, through the analysis of environment and market opportunity at the industry level. we can trace how different industries are lined to one another so as to extend the result of the study to develop better insights into industry expansion and new industry emergence. After then, in the service level, we elicit the service for the defined new business, which is composed of private service and supporting service for nurturing industry. Private service includes 3steps: plan-design-do; supporting service for nurturing industry has 4 steps: selection-make environment- business preparation-do and see. The existing methodology focuses on mainly securing business competitiveness, building a business model for success, and offering new services based on the core competence of companies. This suggested methodology, on other hand, suggests the necessity of service development, when new business opportunities arise, in relation to the opportunity analysis of supporting service based on the clear understanding of new business supporting infrastructure optimization. Meanwhile, we have performed case studies on the printing and publishing field with the restrict procedure and development system to assure the feasibility and practical application. Even though the printing and publishing industry is considered a typical knowledge convergence industry, it is also known as a low-demand and low-value industry in Korea. For this reason, we apply the new methodology and suggest the direction and the possibility of how the printing and publishing industry can be transformed as a core dynamic force for new growth. Then, we suggest the base composition service for industry promotion(public) and business opportunities for private's profitability(private).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.3856-3868
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• 2011

최근까지 부동산 부분에 대한 전반적인 연구경향은 부동산시장 및 시장분석에 관한 논문이 중심을 이루었고, 부동산중개인의 직무능력 향상을 위한 교육프로그램개발에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 부족한 실정이었다. 따라서 본 연구는 충남지역(천안)을 중심으로 부동산 비즈니스 현장에서 경영활동 중인 부동산중개인을 대상으로 직무능력 향상을 위한 교육프로그램에 대한 니즈를 파악하기 위하여 실증분석을 하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부동산중개인의 직무능력 향상을 위한 교육내용에 대한 설문에서는 응답자의 대다수가 부동산 권리관계분석 및 법적지식, 부동산경영 회계, 부동산마케팅, 부동산 정책의 이해 등이 절실하게 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 변화의 움직임은 진화하는 고객들의 욕구를 충족시켜 줄 수 있는 최적의 대안이 교육훈련과정으로부터 발생됨을 인식하기 때문이라 하겠다. 둘째, 부동산마케팅 전략에 대하여 조사한 결과, 응답자의 대부분이 고객 욕구를 충족시키기 위해 새로운 형태의 마케팅전략이 필요함을 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 현상은 정보기술(Information Technology)등 패러다임 변화에 따라 인터넷 광고 등과 같은 새로운 형태의 마케팅 전략이 경영현장에서 요구되기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 산학연계를 통한 부동산관련 교육프로그램 필요성에 대하여 조사한 결과, 응답자 가운데 92%가 대학의 평생교육원에서 진행하고 있는 부동산 교육프로그램의 운영이 필요하다고 응답하였다. 또한 지역에 소재한 대학의 자원(resources)을 이용한 부동산중개인의 재학습 과정이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 이외에도 효과적이고 효율적인 교육프로그램을 위해서는 대학 평생교육원의 인적 자원(human resources)을 활용한 부동산중개인의 직무능력 향상을 위한 '부동산 계약학과' 형태의 교육훈련시스템 운영을 요구하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 부동산중개인의 직무능력 향상을 위해 정규과정에서 수강하고 싶은 교육내용의 순위를 조사한 결과, 부동산경영(44.2%)과 부동산마케팅(42.3%)부분이 빈도가 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 응답결과는 부동산경영과 부동산마케팅 마인드를 통해 고객들의 니즈를 파악하려는 의지를 보여주는 것이라 하겠다. 경영지식의 습득을 위해서는 정규과정 형태의 교육프로그램 운영보다는 비정규과정 형태의 교육훈련 프로그램을 더욱 더 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 본 연구는 부동산중개인의 특성을 고려, 천안지역에서 부동산중개업을 운영하고 있는 대상만을 중심으로 표본을 추출하였다. 따라서 모집단을 보다 광범위하여 다양한 지역을 중심으로 조사할 필요가 있다. 천안지역 이외에도 부동산 비즈니스 활동이 활발하게 진행되고 있는 지역(평촌, 일산, 분당)과 부동산학을 전공하는 학부생과 대학원생들을 대상으로 부동산중개인의 직무능력 향상을 위한 니즈를 실증적으로 분석할 필요가 있다. 이를 통하여 부동산중개인들이 고객만족과 직무능력 향상을 위하여 필요로 하는 요인들을 측정함으로서 맞춤형 교육프로그램개발을 위한 정보를 얻을 수 있을 것이다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 통하여 측정된 직무능력 향상을 위한 교육프로그램개발 변수들은 대학의 부동산학 커리큘럼에 접목됨과 동시에 부동산학의 발전을 위한 실사구시적 정보(information)로 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2017

Purpose - With the rise of the fourth industrial revolution, it has converged with the existing industrial revolution to give shape to increased accessibility of knowledge and information. As a result, it has become easier for scholars to actively persue and compile research in various fields. This current study aims to focus and assess the current standing of KODISA: the Journal of Distribution Science (JDS), International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business(IJIDB), the East Asian Journal of Business Management (EAJBM), the Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB) in a rapidly evolving era. Novel strategies for creating the future vision of KODISA 2020 will also be examined. Research design, data, and methodology - The current research will analyze published journals of KODISA in order to offer a vision for the KODISA 2020 future. In part 1, this paper will observe the current address of the KODISA journal and its overview of past achievements. Next, part 2 will discuss the activities that will be needed for journals of KODISA, JDS, IJIDB, EAJBM, JAFEB to branch out internationally and significant journals will be statistically analyzed in part 3. The last part 4 will offer strategies for the continued growth of KODISA and visions for KODISA 2020. Results - Among the KODISA publications, IJIDB was second, JDS was 23rd (in economic publications of 54 journals), and EAJBM was 22nd (out of 79 publications in management field journals). This shows the high quality of the KODISA publication journals. According to 2016 publication analysis, JDS, IJIDB, etc. each had 157 publications, 15 publications, 16 publications, and 28 publications. In the case of JDS, it showed an increase of 14% compared to last year. Additionally, JAFEB showed a significant increase of 68%. This shows that compared to other journals, it had a higher rate of paper submission. IJIDB and EAJBM did not show any significant increases. In JDS, it showed many studies related to the distribution, management of distribution, and consumer behavior. In order to increase the status of the KODISA journal to a SCI status, many more international conferences will open to increase its international recognition levels. Second, the systematic functions of the journal will be developed further to increase its stability. Third, future graduate schools will open to foster future potential leaders in this field and build a platform for innovators and leaders. Conclusions - In KODISA, JDS was first published in 1999, and has been registered in SCOPUS February 2017. Other sister publications within the KODISA are preparing for SCOPUS registration as well. KODISA journals will prepare to be an innovative journal for 2020 and the future beyond.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.127-150
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• 2001

다가오는 21세기에는 기존에 없던 새로운 것을 생각해 내어 문제를 해결해내는 창의적인 문제해결력이 요구되는 지식기반 사회이다. 이러한 요구에 창의적 문제 해결력을 신장시킬 수 있는 창의성 프로그램이 절실히 요구된다. 창의적인 문제해결력이란 문제의 해결을 필요로 하는 상황에서 기존의 아이디어를 좀더 발전시키거나 지금가지 없었던 새로운 아이디어를 생각해 내어 문제를 해결 해 내는 능력이다. 유아의 경우 창의성 교육은 특히 중요하다. 왜냐하면, 열린 사고. 참신한 사고의 싹은 어려서부터 자라고 틀지워 지기 때문이다. 이미 창의성 교육은 사회에서 또 학교 및 사회교육에서, 현실적으로 당연하고 필연적이며 중심적인 당면과제로 떠오르고 있다. 1997년 교육개혁위원회에서 교육개혁의 핵심을 ‘인성교육’과 ‘창의성 교육’으로 규정한 바도 그러하다. 이러한 시대적 요청과 당위성에 부응하여 영진전문대학 부설 영·유아 창의성 계발 연구소에서는 창의성을 발현하기 위한 다양한 프로그램을 통합적으로 개발하고 있으며 이러한 창의성 교육의 저변적 확산을 위한 하나의 대안으로 2000 가족과 함께 하는 창의성 경진대회를 개최하였다. 이는 기존의 많은 경시대회가 유아를 제외한 초등학교 이상을 대상으로 거의 실시되어져 오고 있으며 서울 중심으로 개최되고 있는 여러 가지 한계점을 극복하고 국내에서 최초로 유아를 대상으로 하는 창의성 경진대회라는 점과, 창의성 교육의 큰 축인 가족들에게 창의성 계발의 중요성을 일깨우는 계기가 되었다는 점에서 큰 의미가 있는 것으로 사려되어진다. 본 창의성 경진대회에서 유아는 빔 프로젝트의 애니메이션을 통해서 제기된 문제상황에 대한 다양한 해결방법을 참여한 가족원과의 논의를 통해서 하게 된다. 이러한 논의를 거친 뒤 유아와 가족원은 연구소 측에서 제시한 한정된 재료만을 이용하여 문제해결에 대한 창의적인 구조물을 완성하게되며, 이러한 산출물은 객관적인 심사로 평가받게 된다. 경진대회의 최종적인 평가는 문제해결을 하고 난 다음의 작품이외에 가족원들과의 협동하는 팀워크이나 참여태도가 관찰되어져 평가받게 된다. 이러한 평가기준은 창의성이란 창의적인 사고와 창의적인 태도를 함께 고려 해야한다는 관점에서 이루어진 것이다. 수상자 선정에 있어 점수의 집계가 수 작업으로 이루어져 최종심사결과통보가 지연되었으며, 홈페이지를 통해서만 결과를 발표해 아직 PC가 보편화되지 않은 학부모들이 불편을 겪었다는 점등이 차후 개선되어져 야 할 문제점으로 남았다. 만일 프로이드의 말처럼 인간의 성격이나 탐구의 태도가 아동 초기의 어린 시절에 형성되어지는 것이라면, 한사람의 창의력 또한 어린 시절에 그 기초가 형성될 것이며 이러한 기초형성에 가장 큰 요인을 형성하는 1차적 환경이 가정이라는 점에서 2000 가족과 함께 하는 창의성 경진대회는 창의성 축제의 한마당이었다고 감히 결론짓고자 한다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.125-148
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• 2009

UGC(User Generated Contents) is emerging as the center of e-business in the web 2.0 era. The trend reflects changing roles of users in production and consumption of contents on websites and helps us to understand new strategies of websites such as web portals and social network websites. Nowadays, we consume contents created by other non-professional users for both utilitarian (e.g., knowledge) and hedonic values (e.g., fun). Also, contents produced by ourselves (e.g., photo, video) are posted on websites so that our friends, family, and even the public can consume those contents. This means that non-professionals, who used to be passive audience in the past, are now creating contents and share their UGCs with others in the Web. Accessible media, tools, and applications have also reduced difficulty and complexity in the process of creating contents. Realizing that users create plenty of materials which are very interesting to other people, media companies (i.e., web portals and social networking websites) are adjusting their strategies and business models accordingly. Increased demand of UGC may lead to website visits which are the source of benefits from advertising. Therefore, they put more efforts into making their websites open platforms where UGCs can be created and shared among users without technical and methodological difficulties. Many websites have increasingly adopted new technologies such as RSS and openAPI. Some have even changed the structure of web pages so that UGC can be seen several times to more visitors. This mainstream of UGCs on websites indicates that acquiring more UGCs and supporting participating users have become important things to media companies. Although those companies need to understand why general users have shown increasing interest in creating and posting contents and what is important to them in the process of productions, few research results exist in this area to address these issues. Also, behavioral process in creating video UGCs has not been explored enough for the public to fully understand it. With a solid theoretical background (i.e., theory of implementation intentions), parts of our proposed research model mirror the process of user behaviors in creating video contents, which consist of intention to upload, intention to edit, edit, and upload. In addition, in order to explain how those behavioral intentions are developed, we investigated influences of antecedents from three motivational perspectives (i.e., intrinsic, editing software-oriented, and website's network effect-oriented). First, from the intrinsic motivation perspective, we studied the roles of self-expression, enjoyment, and social attention in forming intention to edit with preferred editing software or in forming intention to upload video contents to preferred websites. Second, we explored the roles of editing software for non-professionals to edit video contents, in terms of how it makes production process easier and how it is useful in the process. Finally, from the website characteristic-oriented perspective, we investigated the role of a website's network externality as an antecedent of users' intention to upload to preferred websites. The rationale is that posting UGCs on websites are basically social-oriented behaviors; thus, users prefer a website with the high level of network externality for contents uploading. This study adopted a longitudinal research design; we emailed recipients twice with different questionnaires. Guided by invitation email including a link to web survey page, respondents answered most of questions except edit and upload at the first survey. They were asked to provide information about UGC editing software they mainly used and preferred website to upload edited contents, and then asked to answer related questions. For example, before answering questions regarding network externality, they individually had to declare the name of the website to which they would be willing to upload. At the end of the first survey, we asked if they agreed to participate in the corresponding survey in a month. During twenty days, 333 complete responses were gathered in the first survey. One month later, we emailed those recipients to ask for participation in the second survey. 185 of the 333 recipients (about 56 percentages) answered in the second survey. Personalized questionnaires were provided for them to remind the names of editing software and website that they reported in the first survey. They answered the degree of editing with the software and the degree of uploading video contents to the website for the past one month. To all recipients of the two surveys, exchange tickets for books (about 5,000~10,000 Korean Won) were provided according to the frequency of participations. PLS analysis shows that user behaviors in creating video contents are well explained by the theory of implementation intentions. In fact, intention to upload significantly influences intention to edit in the process of accomplishing the goal behavior, upload. These relationships show the behavioral process that has been unclear in users' creating video contents for uploading and also highlight important roles of editing in the process. Regarding the intrinsic motivations, the results illustrated that users are likely to edit their own video contents in order to express their own intrinsic traits such as thoughts and feelings. Also, their intention to upload contents in preferred website is formed because they want to attract much attention from others through contents reflecting themselves. This result well corresponds to the roles of the website characteristic, namely, network externality. Based on the PLS results, the network effect of a website has significant influence on users' intention to upload to the preferred website. This indicates that users with social attention motivations are likely to upload their video UGCs to a website whose network size is big enough to realize their motivations easily. Finally, regarding editing software characteristic-oriented motivations, making exclusively-provided editing software more user-friendly (i.e., easy of use, usefulness) plays an important role in leading to users' intention to edit. Our research contributes to both academic scholars and professionals. For researchers, our results show that the theory of implementation intentions is well applied to the video UGC context and very useful to explain the relationship between implementation intentions and goal behaviors. With the theory, this study theoretically and empirically confirmed that editing is a different and important behavior from uploading behavior, and we tested the behavioral process of ordinary users in creating video UGCs, focusing on significant motivational factors in each step. In addition, parts of our research model are also rooted in the solid theoretical background such as the technology acceptance model and the theory of network externality to explain the effects of UGC-related motivations. For practitioners, our results suggest that media companies need to restructure their websites so that users' needs for social interaction through UGC (e.g., self-expression, social attention) are well met. Also, we emphasize strategic importance of the network size of websites in leading non-professionals to upload video contents to the websites. Those websites need to find a way to utilize the network effects for acquiring more UGCs. Finally, we suggest that some ways to improve editing software be considered as a way to increase edit behavior which is a very important process leading to UGC uploading.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제11권
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• pp.221-249
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• 2007

오늘날 사진은 새로운 테크놀로지 형태인 디지털 이미지 프로세싱 앞에 심각한 정체성 위기와 존재론적 딜레마에 봉착했다. 사진은 그동안 우리에게 세상을 새롭게 바라보는 방법을 제공하고, 또 우리 스스로 주변을 돌아볼 수 있는 자각을 주었으며, 나아가 삶의 리얼리티의 본질을 재인식시키는데 크게 기여했다. 그런 사진의 기능이 오늘날 무력화되고 있다. 디지털 테크놀로지의 출현으로 사진은 더 이상 사실의 기록, 결백의 증거, 그리고 리얼리티의 거울로서 간주되지 않는다. 오히려 유희의 도구 혹은 우리가 사는 세계의 환영과 기쁨을 창조하는 수단으로 간주된다. 그러나, 디지털 테크놀로지의 출현은 이제 비로소 사진의 존재론적 당위성과 정체성의 문제를 냉정히 돌아보게 한다. 본 논고는 전자시뮬레이션 시대 새로운 이미지 생산의 첨병으로 등장한 디지털 이미지의 존재론적 측면을 규명하는데 있다. 이를 위해 인류의 첫 번째 프로그램 미학으로 말해지는 사진과 첨단테크놀로지 미학으로 말해지는 디지털 이미지와의 관계를 기계미학적 관점에서 살펴보려 한다. 특히 올드미디어(사진)와 뉴미디어(디지털) 사이에 갈등 구조를 자본주의 역사관과 물질적 관점에서 살펴보려 한다. 본 논고는 이를 위해 우선 사진의 정체성 위기와 존재론적 위협이 어디로부터 발현된 것인지를 살피고, 또 지금까지 생산된 매체 미학적 담론들이 어떤 비평적 쟁점 속에 놓였는지를 살피고자 한다. 특히 사진이 강점으로 여긴 존재론적 인덱스와 생성론적 텍스트에 주목하여 사진 재현의 기반인 사실적 기록, 명료한 증거, 그리고 기술적 정교성이 어떤 기계미학의 층위에 있는지를 디지털 이미지를 대척에 두고 분석하고자 한다. 그리하여 최근 일고 있는 사진의 죽음, 사진의 종말에 관한 담론들이 심각한 오류가 있음을 지적하고자 한다. 올드 테크놀로지로서 사진이 당면한 위기, 즉 현재 사진이 안고 있는 존재론적 위기(컴퓨터화 된 디지털 이미지 출현) 그리고 인식론적 위기(윤리, 지식, 가치관 등 급격한 문화 변동)는 매체미학의 본질상 당연한 위기임을 정당화하고자 한다. 본 논문은 이 같은 주장을 위하여 역사적으로 사진술이 어떤 생성과 소멸의 과정을 거쳤으며, 또 어떻게 지금의 디지털 이미지에 이르게 되었는지 테크놀로지 미학 안에서 자동생성주의로서 색인 이미지, 디지털 코드로서 수치 이미지의 생성, 기원, 본질 그리고 정체성을 규명하고자 한다. 특히 본 논고는 논지의 정당성을 위해 다양한 매체미학자들의 주의주장 및 이론적 쟁점을 분석하고자 한다. 또 분석틀을 통해서 테크놀로지 미학의 근간인 기계, 기술성을 바탕으로 한 사진의 생성적 측면과 문화 안에서 변형된 프로그램에 의해 창조되는 디지털 이미지의 변형적 측면의 본질을 파악하고자 한다. 이렇게 사진과 디지털 이미지의 양자의 비교를 통해서 테크놀로지 미학 안에서 올드 미디어(사진)와 뉴 미디어(디지털 이미지)의 자리바꿈은 정당한 것이라는 사실과, 이런 역설적인 구조야말로 기계, 기술을 바탕으로 삼는 테크놀로지 매체의 숙명성이라는 사실을 강조함으로써 논문의 정당성을 강화하고자 한다. 마지막으로 본 논고는 하나의 얼굴, 하나의 정체성으로 자리할 수 없다는 사실을 역사로서 확증하고, 또 사진에서 부동의 존재론과 인식론의 모습은 애초부터 불가능하다는 사실을 지적함으로써 오늘날 제기되고 있는 '사진의 죽음,' '사진의 종말'은 쟁점의 정당성에도 불구하고 매체미학의 역사를 간과하는 오도된 비평이라는 사실을 결론으로 도출하고자 한다.