• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2011

Population ageing and the disabled population is increasing. so disabled population and elderly people in the physical environment for Barrier-Free recently has been getting attention. according to a recent welfare paradigm shift of life support promoting for the housing remodeling. but basic remodeling made of simple living environment improvement and facilities installation for the type of disability customised housing remodeling. efficient housing remodeling plan for remodeling before and after through change the safety accidents occurred ratio. living environment for the improvement of housing and reconstruction for the benefit of comprehensively considering for disability subject in Indoor living type and the type of disability, housing type etc. and personalize house was remodeling for corresponding each space problem for identify obstacles and living types. as a result satisfaction changes & safety accident rate changes as follow. first, have complained that there was a in to residents environment furniture for reconstruction of the former housing remodeling needs survey. 80.2% of total for the percentage of households with high needs remodeling. second, The survey did not meet the 29 furniture as after the construction for died about recipient & up sticks & long absence. this leave out after the safety accident Corporation about 101 housing in the 88% of households did not happen. as a result, the lower the ratio of safety accidents occurring very revealed. third, grasp the meaning for indoor living type. showed that each approach(83%), front porch(90%), kitchen, living room(91%), bedroom(93%), toilet(92%) for each space remodeling satisfaction flow through customized housing remodeling.

• 농촌계획
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.163-175
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• 2015

This study aimed to analyze factors of importance and performance picked by customers of Bibijeong, a farm restaurant operated by the local community of Wanju-gun. Major points include: Recognition paths mostly were word of mouth and mass media, types of visit were in the company of friends, family members or work colleagues, and purposes of visit included consumption of meal and identifying features of the restaurant. Secondly, factor analysis showed that level of facility, atmosphere/cleanness, diversity of menu, employees, ingredients and network. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient was +0.6. Thirdly, average of importance of factors was 3.861 while average performance was 3.429. IPA analysis showed that employee(communication, customer contact) in the first quadrant proved the need for fast improvement through training. Atmosphere/cleanness (interior atmosphere, table clean, kitchen cleanliness, clean dishes, interion design) and employee(proficiency, menu recognition), foodstuff(freshness, origin, safety) in the second quadrant showed that the marketing strategy of improvement as well as maintaining current status is needed, including regular training and hygiene inspection. The third quadrant contains facilities(disability, baby, fire protection) and food menu(food packing, various menu, creative menu, menu description), network(village economic links), which showed the need for gradual improvement. The forth quadrant contains network(sights's near contains. The results so far can be summed into the statement that overcoming the basic functionality of providing meals and linking the restaurant with local attractions and local economy would be need, as well as building up the image of unique farm restaurant with local features, so that Bibijeong can serve as the centerpiece of community and foundation of exchange with other areas.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of area and spatial elements according to the building size and provide the guidelines for space planning of the child care center. This study used the content analysis method and analysis was made on the floor plans for 51 cases and the floor plans were converted to Autocad drawings to analyze the area. The results of this study were as follows; 1) Child care centers over 70% were single-attached building types which made it possible for creating outdoor environments for children. However, most small-size centers which had under 50 children did not have the facilities for outdoor activities. 2) In terms of spatial elements, the basic spaces of the small-size center were the classroom, bathroom, kitchen, office and reference room. The medium or large size centers had extra rooms for special activities and service spaces in addition to the basic spaces. 3) Classroom area per child was 2.65 m2 on average. Space composition ratio on average for care, staff, and service was programmed by 57%, 9%, 34% respectively. Small-size center had relatively more care space when compared to the others. In the case of large-size centers, there was a tendency that service space was increased, but care space was decreased.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accessibility of existing multi-household multi-studio type house for developing Senior Congregate Housing. At present, in Korea, 'the Act of Promotion of Convenience and SEcurity for Disabled, Aged, Expectant Mothers, etc.' is applied to only public facilities. Therefore, this study evaluated 7 units -2 multi-household house and i multi-studio type house- in order to grasp the problems caused if the aged would dwell in that type of house, by the items of 'manual for improving the residency of the disabled' which was stipulated by the act above. The data was collected from May to June, 2005. The results were as follows: Firstly, the main entrances, exits and width of stairways had narrow spaces, the handles and bars did not conform with the terms presented in the manual above. Front doors should be opened like a bay for wheelchair use. Secondly, additional lighting apparatus and furniture should be added properly Thirdly, there were several inconformity to the manual for bathroom: improper handles, inadjustable washing-stands, unavailable spaces in front of toilet bowls, and out-of-place showers and taps. Finally kitchen cabinet design improper for wheelchair user. In conclusion, accessibility of existing multi-household or multi-studio type house was not good enough for the aged reside in. Those insufficiencies suggest that more specified standards to enhance accessibility to develop senior congregate housing should be added.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권10호
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• pp.1558-1566
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 우리나라 요양병원의 영양부서장이나 선임영양사를 대상으로 인증제 기준을 토대로 마련된 급식관리 기준의 중요성 인식도를 조사하여 요양병원 인증 기준의 개선과 규정사례집 보완을 위한 기초자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 편의추출법에 의하여 전국의 500개 요양병원에 설문지를 배부하여 회수된 157부를 통계분석에 사용하였으며, 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 병원의 소재 지역으로는 경상도 48개소(30.6%), 충청도 37개소(23.6%), 전라도 35개소(22.3%)가 많았고, 병상수는 100~199병상(84개소, 53.5%)과 50~99병상(30개소, 19.1%), 200~299병상(29개소, 18.5%)이 대다수를 차지하였다. 둘째, 급식시설관리영역 기준의 중요성 인식도 평균점수는 4.56점(5점 만점)이었다. 요양병원 인증 여부에 따른 중요성 인식도 평균점수를 비교한 결과 '조리장 내부 후드, 환풍기 설치'와 '화장실 내에 손 씻는 시설(온수, 비누, 소독제 포함) 구비', '신발소독 시설 비치'에 대하여 인증을 받지 않은 병원이 인증을 받은 병원과 준비 중인 병원에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 셋째, 급식위생관리 영역의 전체 평균점수는 4.70점(5점 만점)이었다. 급식위생관리 영역에서 요양병원 인증제의 인증 여부에 따른 중요성 인식도 평균점수를 비교한 결과 '칼, 도마 등 기구, 용기의 전처리용과 조리용 구분, 표기'와 '청소계획 수립, 주기적 실시'에서 인증을 받지 않은 병원의 평균점수가 인증을 받은 병원과 준비 중인 병원에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다(P<0.05). 넷째, 기타급식관리 영역의 전체 평균 중요성 인식도 점수는 4.54점(5점 만점)이었다. 기타급식관리 8개 세부영역의 평균점수는 보존식 보관 4.94점, 검식 4.78점, 안전관리 4.76점, 검수관리 4.68점, 상차림 점검 4.65점, 구매관리 4.63점, 지침서 구비 4.38점, 배식관리 4.29점의 순이었다. 기타급식관리 영역의 요양병원 인증 여부에 따른 중요성 인식도 평균점수를 비교했을 때, '검수일지 작성' 항목에서 인증을 받지 않은 병원의 평균 점수가 인증을 받은 병원과 준비 중인 병원에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과를 살펴볼 때 요양병원 영양사들의 인증제 기준을 토대로 한 급식관리 기준의 중요성 인식도는 매우 높은 편이었다. 그러나 평균 이하의 점수를 받은 기준에 대하여 규정사례집에 구체적 제시가 없는 경우에는 보다 자세한 언급을 추가하는 등 보완이 이루어져야 하겠다. 특히 HACCP 기준과 같은 법적 권고치가 제시된 요양병원용 급식관리 기준 매뉴얼을 제작하여 교육 및 홍보의 도구로 사용하고, 요양병원 영양사 간에 정보와 의견을 공유할 수 있는 소모임이나 홈페이지 등 다양한 공간이 마련된다면 요양병원 급식현장 관리와 의무화된 인증 준비에 많은 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.186-198
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• 2000

우리 나라의 학교급식, 병원급식, 및 위탁급식 등에서 위생관리의 수준을 알아보고 앞으로의 개선 및 발전 방안을 논의하였다. 앞으로 발전을 위한 10가지 방안으로서 이들 집단급식에서 (1)인력과 전문성 보강, (2) 건물과 시설의 전용화, (3)조리장 시설 설비의 보강, (4)주 ·부재료 공급 방법의 개선 및 품질관리, (5) 정확한 기계 ·설비류의 생산과 구비, (6)검사 장비와 설비의 보강, (7)개인위생관리의 여건 강화, (8)다양한 위생교육 및 훈련, (9)수입개방에 대한 능동적 대처, (10)관련 연구 및 background data의 축적 강화 등이 이루어져야 할 것으로 도출되었다. 식품 재료를 생산하여 먹기까지에는 여러 가지 단계를 거친다. 그 중에서 조리는 먹기 직전의 단계이다. 영양적으로 우수하고 위생적으로 안전한 재료를 취득하였다 하더라도 이 과정에서 취급이 잘못되면 대규모의 건강 위해를 야기할 수 있다 또 비록 재료가 안전하지 못하였다 하더라도 이 과정에서의 위생관리를 철저히 함으로써 그 위해를 상당히 줄일 수도 있다. 바로 이러한 측면에서 우리는 집단급식 시설의 위생관리가 얼마나 중요한 가를 다시 강조하지 않을 수 없다. 음식물에 의한 위해를 예방하고 위해 요소를 사전에 차단하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 세계적으로 식품위해요소중점관리기준(HACCP)의 도입이 활발하다. 우리 나라에서는 이를 식품제조 ·가공업소에 먼저 도입하였으나 급식 시설에서 시급히 적용하여 건강 위해를 최소화하여야 할 것으로 본다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 1978

Recently this writer has conducted a comprehensive survey of 38 private businesses where group feeding is practiced, with a view to determining the condition of nutrition intake by the blue collar workers of these businesses firms as well as gaining an indication of their facilities management along with their sanitary precautions. The survey has revealed, among others, a number of interesting data such as shown below. 1. There are a total of 1,054 workers being fed in groups daily at each of the above business companies, with only one nutrition specialist regardless of the number of workers to be fed or the number of times they are fed daily. The average number of cooks comes to 2.7 persons per 100 workers, while 42.2% of the companies provide four meals a day including mid-night supper, with the result that the workers are fed 3.13 times a day on an average. 2. The average feeding cost amounts to 151 won per meal per person, of which 86 won is payed by the workers themselves and 115 won by the companies involved. 3. The average fbod intake has been found to be 490 grams which can be further broken down into 44grams of animal food and 446grams of vegetable food. These figures are higher than those revealed by the 1975 investigation of the nation's average nutrition intake. 4. The survey also shows the daily calorie consumption per person to be as high as 896 calories including 37 grams of protein which is further broken down into 11 grams of animal protein and 26grams of vegetable protein. With respect to other types of nutrients excepting Vitamin-A, the companies concerned are believed to prorids more than what the survey of the nation's nutrition has revealed or the amount recommended by Korea FAO assoc!ation as desirable. 5. As for facilities management, there is still much room for future improvement. Some 97.4% of the companies surveyed are not equipped with the steam table, which indicates lack of concern along this line as well as a very how degree of equipment utilizations. Distribution of the food in the dining room is generally depedent on self-service method. 6. Speaking of sanitary precautions taken by those businesses involved, some 76.3% are found to have their compounds haunted by rats and other insects. Some 73.7% of them are dependent on boiling method for disinfection of kitchen utensils, which is conducted by 50% of those industries only two or three times a week. It seems hardly feasible to conduct disinfection everyday.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.65-86
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• 1990

Living conditions of the rural elderly were assessed in terms of clothing behavior, health and nutritional status, housing and envioronmental condition, and psychological adjustment. The subjects were eighty individuals over sixty residing in the rural community of Iksan-kun, Chollabukdo. The interview method using questionnaires, direct measurement, and observation was used for this study. Data were compared with those obtained from a previous study of the elderly residing in an urban area. Clothing behavior showed that the elderly residing in the rural community were more concerned about plain and conservative design of clothes than their urban counterparts. Special protective clothes for cropdusting with agricultural chemicals had not been prepared. The following urgent needs were pointed out: development and supply of agricultural chemical protective clothing and development and education of appropriate washing and clothing care methods. The health status of the elderly was generally good, but poor eating habits were found more frequently in the rural elderly than among the urban dwellers. Several dietary nutrient intakes were insufficient. Contrasting the urban elderly with the rural group, it was found that the urban group lacked sufficient vitamin A and vitamin C and the urban women had insufficient calorie whereas the rural group was deficient in protein, vitamin A, calorie, and fat. A significant relationship was found between dietary nutrient intake and health index, food habit points, self recognized health status, meal satisfaction, and economic status. Urgent needs of the development of a nutrition education program for the elderly were pointed out. Most of elderly residing in the surveyed rural communities were living alone or with their spouse only, therefore only one room was used among the three or four available rooms. Most of the rural elderly were living either in a traditional Korean house built with differing floor levels or in a modified Korean style house. Minimal modernization had been made for kitchen facilities such as sink and gas range or for heating facilities with the briquette boiler. However, sanitary space such as lavatory and bathroom had not been remodeled. A housing welfare program for rural communities should be implemented at the national level. The comparison of psychological characteristics of the rural elderly with their city counterparts revealed that the rural elderly have a more stable psychological status and optimistic attitude than those living in a city. However, it was found that most of the elderly did not have any future plan. Community programs for the elderly including hobbies or leisure activities or education programs to generate close interpersonal relationships with their children should be developed and provided.

• 호스피스학술지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.46-69
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• 2001

Hospice Care is the best way to care for terminally ill patients and their family members. However most of them can not receive the appropriate hospice service because the Korean health delivery system is mainly be focussed on acutly ill patients. This study was carried out to clarify the situation of hospice in Korea and to develop a hospice care delivery system model which is appropriate in the Korean context. The theoretical framework of this study that hospice care delivery system is composed of hospice resources with personnel, facilities, etc., government and non-government hospice organization, hospice finances, hospice management and hospice delivery, was taken from the Health Delivery System of WHO(1984). Data was obtained through data analysis of litreature, interview, questionairs, visiting and Delphi Technique, from October 1998 to April 1999 involving 56 hospices, 1 hospice research center, 3 non-government hospice organizations, 20 experts who have had hospice experience for more than 3 years(mean is 9 years and 5 months) and officials or members of 3 non-government hospice organizations. There are 61 hospices in Korea. Even though hospice personnel have tried to study and to provide qualified hospice serices, there is nor any formal hospice linkage or network in Korea. This is the result of this survey made to clarify the situation of Korean hospice. Results of the study by Delphi Technique were as follows: 1.Hospice Resources: Key hospice personnel were found to be hospice coordinator, doctor, nurse, clergy, social worker, volunteers. Necessary qualifications for all personnel was that they conditions were resulted as have good health, receive hospice education and have communication skills. Education for hospice personnel is divided into (i)basic training and (ii)special education, e.g. palliative medicine course for hospice specialist or palliative care course in master degree for hospice nurse specialist. Hospice facilities could be developed by adding a living room, a space for family members, a prayer room, a church, an interview room, a kitchen, a dining room, a bath facility, a hall for music, art or work therapy, volunteers' room, garden, etc. to hospital facilities. 2.Hospice Organization: Whilst there are three non-government hospice organizations active at present, in the near future an hospice officer in the Health&Welfare Ministry plus a government Hospice body are necessary. However a non-government council to further integrate hospice development is also strongly recommended. 3.Hospice Finances: A New insurance standards, I.e. the charge for hospice care services, public information and tax reduction for donations were found suggested as methods to rise the hospice budget. 4.Hospice Management: Two divisions of hospice management/care were considered to be necessary in future. The role of the hospice officer in the Health & Welfare Ministry would be quality control of hospice teams and facilities involved/associated with hospice insurance standards. New non-government integrating councils role supporting the development of hospice care, not insurance covered. 5.Hospice delivery: Linkage&networking between hospice facilities and first, second, third level medical institutions are needed in order to provide varied and continous hospice care. Hospice Acts need to be established within the limits of medical law with regards to standards for professional staff members, educational programs, etc. The results of this study could be utilizes towards the development to two hospice care delivery system models, A and B. Model A is based on the hospital, especially the hospice unit, because in this setting is more easily available the new medical insurance for hospice care. Therefore a hospice team is organized in the hospital and may operate in the hospice unit and in the home hospice care service. After Model A is set up and operating, Model B will be the next stage, in which medical insurance cover will be extended to home hospice care service. This model(B) is also based on the hospital, but the focus of the hospital hospice unit will be moved to home hospice care which is connected by local physicians, national public health centers, community parties as like churches or volunteer groups. Model B will contribute to the care of terminally ill patients and their family members and also assist hospital administrators in cost-effectiveness.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2021

외식산업의 급속한 성장과 함께 호텔을 비롯한 외식업체에서는 식품안전 요구 및 위생에 대한 중요성 이 증가하고 있다. 이에 현장에서 위생상태를 판단할 수 있는 신속하고 실용적인 모니터링기법이 요구된다. 본 연구는 국내5성급 호텔 5군데를 대상으로 개인위생(작업자의 손), 조리기구(칼, 도마, 식품보관용기, 슬라이스 머신 칼날, 제빙기 스쿱), 시설·설비(냉장고 손잡이, 작업대, 싱크대), 고객 접점항목(뷔페용 집게)에 대한 위생관리 실태를 조사하였고 그에 대한 검증법인 ATP 값의 상관관계를 도출하고자 하였다. 5개 호텔의 위생관리 실태조사 결과, 다른 검사 항목보다 상대적으로 조리기구 및 개인위생 결과가 비교적 위생적으로 관리되고 있었으며(조리기구 92.2%, 개인위생 91.4%, 시설·설비 76.19%, 고객 접점항목 88.6%)으로 시설·설비는 비교적 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. ATP검사 결과, 조리 기구(51±45 RLU/25 ㎠)는 시설·설비(167±123 RLU/25 ㎠)보다 비교적 위생적으로 잘 관리되었다. 위생실태 조사 결과 점수와 ATP 값의 상관성 분석을 실시한 결과, 각 호텔 별 작업자 손, 조리기구, 시설·설비의 대부분 음의 상관관계를 가지며 높은 상관성(-0.64 - -0.89)을 보였다. 또한 이번 연구에서 각 검사 항목의 평소 상태의 ATP 값(1020±1254 RLU/25 ㎠)에 비해 세척 후 ATP 값(92±67 RLU/25 ㎠)이 현저히 감소되어 세척의 유효성을 확인하는 도구로 적합성을 확인할 수 있었다. 호텔을 비롯한 외식업체에서 수행하는 주관적인 위생실태조사와 ATP 검사법을 병행한다면, 실시간으로 보이지 않는 오염물질의 객관적인 수치화를 통해 식품사고 발생을 예방하기 위한 효과적인 모니터링 방법이 될 것으로 사료된다.