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패딩 오라클 공격에 따른 다양한 패딩방법의 안전성 분석 (Safety Analysis of Various Padding Techniques on Padding Oracle Attack)

  • 김기문;박명서;김종성;이창훈;문덕재;홍석희
    • 정보보호학회논문지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.271-278
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    • 2015
  • 인터넷 뱅킹이나 전자상거래 같은 응용 환경에서 개인정보 및 민감한 정보를 보호하기 위해서 다양한 암호 알고리즘들을 사용한다. 하지만 안전성이 검증된 암호 알고리즘을 사용하여 중요 정보를 암호화 하더라도 운영모드, 패딩방법등 암호화를 적용하는 방법이 올바르지 못하면 암호화된 중요 정보들이 노출 된다는 연구결과와 방법들이 소개되고 있다. 이러한 공격방법 중 대표적인 사례가 패딩 오라클 공격(Padding Oracle Attack)이다. 본 논문에서는 블록암호의 CBC(Cipher Block Chainning) 운영모드에 적용 가능한 12가지 패딩방법에 대하여 패딩오라클 공격의 가능성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 3가지의 안전한 패딩방법과 9가지의 안전하지 않은 패딩방법으로 분류할 수 있다. 3가지의 안전한 패딩방법 분석을 통해 패딩 오라클 공격에 내성을 가질 수 있도록 안전한 패딩방법 설계 시 고려해야 할 5가지 사항에 대하여 제안하고자 한다.

현대 신한옥 주거환경 여건에 따른 거주성능 만족도 분석 (An Analysis on the Living Performance Satisfaction Ratio according to the Residential Environment Conditions in Modern New Han-oks)

  • 이주엽;송민정;이태강;김선우;천득염
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.91-104
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    • 2015
  • Recently, various researches for the improvement of Han-ok performance carried out. But, most of them are tend to come from the viewpoint of suppliers rather than that of Han-ok habitants. It means that environmental elements which real habitants feel are not reflected in the design of initial Han-ok design. Therefore, it is necessary that many researchers should analyze the degree of dwelling satisfaction derived from real life. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find the avaliable factors that need to be considered in the process of initial Han-ok design and construction through the analysis on the living performance satisfaction ratio of modern New Han-ok's habitants. Method: To achieve this goal, surveys were carried out in 83 Han-oks which actual habitants were living, located in 14 happy villages Jeonnam province. Following are survey items about residential environmental conditions; kinds of wall material, gap(connection joint between wall and wood columns) reinforcement or not, kinds of window, kinds of facilities around windows, kinds of heating source, heating types(single, multiple), financial burdens, selective heating or not and so on. Result: The results of this study may be used to improve the living performance satisfaction ratio of new Han-ok habitants and as a basis for the specifying the desired thermal comfort environment of dwelling.

초등학교 6학년 국어교과서의 어휘 통계조사 (Statistical Survey of Vocabulary in Korean Textbook for Elementary School 6th-Grade)

  • 김종영;김철수
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제12권5호
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    • pp.515-524
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 초등학교 6학년 국어교과서 4종(6-1 읽기, 6-1 말하기 듣기 쓰기, 6-2 읽기, 6-2 말하기 듣기 쓰기)에 나타나는 어휘들에 대한 통계(전체 음절수, 음절종류, 음절 출현빈도, 어절 개수, 어절 종류, 어절 평균길이, 어절 출현빈도, 품사 등)를 조사하였다. 한글 음절수는 194,683개, 음절종류는 1,290개, 평균 음절 출현빈도는 150.9회이다. 어절 개수는 70,185개, 어절 종류는 22,647개, 어절 평균 출현빈도는 3.1회이다. 평균 음절 길이는 2.8음절이며, 가장 긴 어절은 10음절이다. 품사는 읽기 교과는 명사가 말하기 듣기 쓰기교과는 동사가 약간 많다.

전수조사를 통만 국내 유전자변형생물체의 연구 동향 분석 (An analysis of research trends on living modified organisms in Korea through questionnaire surveys)

  • 이훈복;최경화;정순기;김용호;김환묵
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 2008
  • We analyzed the current research trends of living modified organisms (LMO) by questionnaires in the interest of making biosaftey laws and policies in Korea. We executed a pre-survey at the Crop Functional Genomics 2004 conference and obtained LMO research information from 423 LMO research organizations, including 32 national research institutes, 314 universities, and 77 industries. We found that the total 59 kinds of hosts including 26 kinds of plants, 15 kinds of animals, and 18 kinds of microbes were used for LMO research and E. coli was the most common host. The risk of the most experimental hosts was below a biosafety level of 1 (73.8%) and 2 (25.9%). LMO development use purpose was implemented in various developmental uses: 51.3% in test and research use, 19% in health and medical use, and 12.9% in agriculture use. The experiment product, waste product, and products of host for LMO development were 327.2, 223.6, and 13.5 in number of plants; 280.6, 52.4, and 8.7 in number of animals; and $8.3\;{\times}\;10^{11}CFU$, $7.7\;{\times}\;10^{11}CFU$, and $6.5\;{\times}\;10^{11}CFU$ in microbes in 2004. The survey results about how to possess the LMO were very unreliable, because only 10.6% of the researchers returned the questionnaires. Consequently, we strongly suggest the scientific organizations as well as scientists should have more interests in biosafety of LMO research and an LMO biosafety management system should be developed for Korea's future biotechnology.

거짓침 피부접촉부 형태에 따른 침감 차이 연구 (A comparison study of acupuncture sensation scale between real acupuncture and sham needle)

  • 채윤병;김윤주;최일환;임사비나;이상재;이혜정;박히준
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.85-99
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    • 2006
  • Objectives : Proper acupuncture stimulation is associated with a characteristic set of sensation usually referred to as 'De-Qi'. In order to develop the appropriate sham acupuncture, various sensations to each stimulation should be considered through analysis of the profiles of acupuncture sensation. It was therefore investigated to compare the acupuncture sensation scale (ASS) of two types of sham acupuncture to that of the real acupuncture. Methods : Ninety-four participants (mean age 26.4, range 26-49) were asked to complete five point-Likert scale ASS developed by Vincent et al. after real or two-kinds of sham acupuncture stimulation: blunted tip sham acupuncture (BT) and round tip sham acupuncture (RT). Needling was done at LI4 acupoint on non-dominant hand and stimulated for 30 seconds with real or two-kinds of sham needle. Finger withdrawal latency (FWL) of each group was also measured to evaluate the pain sensitivity to noxious heat stimuli. Results : BT acupuncture significantly less produced penetrating, numb, intense, hurting, pulling, shock, tingling, throbbing sensation than real acupuncture stimulation. RT acupuncture significantly less produced penetrating, burning, electric, numb, intense, hurting, pulling, aching, shasharp, shock, stinging, tingling, throbbing sensation than real acupuncture. Each group did not demonstrate the differences of pain sensitivity to noxious stimuli. Conclusions : These results indicated that types of tip of acupuncture produced different kinds of acupuncture sensation. Our finding provides a general information of sensations to two kinds of sham acupuncture for development of ideal placebo sham needle.

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고추장 첨가 중국 음식에 대한 중국인의 관능적 특성 및 기호도 분석 (Sensory Characteristics and Preference of Various Chinese Foods added Kochujang by Chinese Focus Group)

  • 김선아;이민아;박정은
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제21권5호
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    • pp.607-615
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of Chinese foods in main ingredients, sauces, and cooking methods, and to assess the applicability of kochujang in Chinese foods. Twenty Chinese foods and commercial kochujang were selected by a Chinese head cook. The main ingredients were 24 kinds such as pork, chicken, shrimp, bok choy, bean curd, Chinese noodles etc., which were generally used in Korean foods. The main Chinese sauces were 11 kinds, and soy sauce was used in 12 foods, shang loo tau soy sauce in 2, wine in 8, oyster sauce in 7, rice wine in 6. The classification of cooking units in all Chinese foods was performed and the cooking frequency was deep frying>pan frying>boiling>stir frying>steaming>roasting. The proper amount of kochujang (weight ratio) was decided by pre-test of the Chinese head cook and Chinese food added kochujang was assessed by a Chinese focus group. The overall preference of Chinese food added kochujang was assessed highly and was related to the kinds of sauces, and to the kinds of main ingredients. The foods which used soy sauce or shang loa tau soy sauce were preferred. Sweetness by using kochujang wasn't preferred in several foods. Saltiness and aftertaste by using kochujang didn't affect the food preference, and the intensity of color and pungency were evaluated as a moderate level. An increased amount of kochujang would be possible in several foods. However, the increase in the amount of kochujang for intensive color and pungency in Chinese foods was directly related to the increase of sweetness, which had been discussed as the main problem in lowering the preference. Therefore, the screening of various Chinese foods harmonized with kochujang and the determination of the proper mixing ratio with Chinese sauces are very important. The results of this study could be used as basic data for the promotion of kochujang consumption in the Chinese market.

대전지역 학교 교정의 조경수목 식재현황 (Analysis of Woody Landscape Plants Planted at School Garden in Daejon Metropolitan City)

  • 문정현;심재성;서병기
    • 아시안잔디학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.85-96
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    • 2002
  • This study showed the current plantation of woody landscape plants of 42 school gardens in Daejeon metropolitan city. The ratio between evergreen tree and deciduous tree was 67% to 33%. The ratio between evergreen shrub and deciduous shrub was 48% to 52%. Also, 161 kinds of woody species were found; evergreen tree was 21 species, deciduous tree was 67 species, evergreen shrub was 16 species, deciduous shrub was 44 species, and vine and the others were 13 species. The proportion of native woody species was 61% (98 out of 161 species). 110 species were planted at the front garden area. In the mid-garden, 77 kinds of woody species were found. In the side garden, 95 kinds of woody species were found. In the rear garden, 92 kinds of woody species were found. The surrounding of play ground and outer area were planted 82 species. The first ranked evergreen tree was Juniperus chinensis‘Kaizuka’. And Deciduous tree, evergreen shrub, deciduous shrub, and vine showed Gingko biloba, Buxus microphylla var. koreana, Hibiscus syriacus, Wisteria floribunda, respectively. The school symbol of tree and flower was planted in 41 schools. The first rank plants of school symbol tree and flower were Pinus densiflora, Forsythia koreana and Rosa spp. Plant nameplate was found at 22 schools. The plant nameplate was used for 1∼10 species at 17 schools. In conclusion, plantation of landscape trees should be considered characteristic of each school area. In addition, school landscape should be planned distinction of a elementary school, a middle school, a high school, and a school for handicapped. School landscape should be considered carefully from functional, natural, educational environment and maintenance viewpoints as well as urban forest networking.

TC-16ADPSK을 사용한 이종 정보 동시 전송용 변조방식의 성능 분석 (Analysis of a TC-16ADPSK Performance for Transmitting Different Information on One Channel Simultaneously)

  • 이원석;강희훈;이성백
    • 대한전자공학회논문지TE
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    • 제37권5호
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    • pp.71-76
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    • 2000
  • 본 논문에서는 TC-16ADPSK(Trellis Coded-16 Amplitude Differential Phase Shift Keying)를 사용하여 데이터 량이 서로 다른 정보(Information)를 동시 전송하기 위한 방식을 제안한다. 제시한 시스템의 성능 분석은 부가적인 화이트 가우시언 잡음(AWGN : Addictive White Gaussian Noise) 채널과 레일라 이 페이딩(Rayleigh Fading) 채널에 대한 비트오율(Bit Error Rate)을 기준으로 한다. 제안한 방식은 정보량이 다른 두 가지 정보를 한 채널에 동시 전송하며 적은 량의 데이터는 Star-16APSK의 신호 격자중에 크기를 결정도록 매핑하고 다른 정보는 위상을 결정하는데 사용된다. 정보 데이터 검파시 ASK와 DPSK 다른 검파 방식을 사용하므로 통합된 정보가 쉽게 분리되며 한 채널에 각각 다른 정보를 효율적으로 전송이 가능하다. 매트랩 통신 툴박스를 사용하여 BER 성능 결과를 분석한 결과, 제안한 방식은 동일 SNR에 대해 서 그레이 코드를 사용한 경우가 0.5㏈-1.5㏈ 정도의 코딩 이득을 나타내었다.

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벨벳과 안감의 소재 조합에 따른 의복의 열저항에 관한 연구 (Thermal Properties on combination of Velvet and Lining)

  • 계명대학교의류학과;이욱자;류덕환
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.3-13
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    • 1999
  • This study was performed for purpose of getting fundamental information requisite to wear velvet clothes that is more comfortable for the human body and also the environment. It was carried out in a human wearing test and thermal manikin test at the same time in a controlled-condition chamber. The experimental environment had a ambient temperature of 15$\pm$0.5$^{\circ}C$ with the relative humidity at 5$^{\circ}C$$\pm$5% and with air velocity at less that than 0.2m/sec. Velvet differ from common plain weaves in thermal properties because it's constructed in two parts one is ground part and the other part is pile part. In order to investigate the thermal resistance of velvet eight different combination of 4 velvet kinds and 2 lings kinds as experimental clothes. [(4 velvet kinds : Acetate cuprammoium Rayon Cotton Wool) (2 lining kinds : acetate viscose rayon)longrightarrow8 combination: Aa, Av, Ra, Rv, Ca, Cv, Wa, Wv: the simplified character] The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. For the regional thermal resistance the differences in eight clothes as well as differences in each part were significant. As a whole the breast part showed the highest thermal resistance and the leg part was higher than the shank part. The rank of the total thermal resistance was put at Wa>Wv>Ca>Cv>Aa>Av>Ra>Rv in this order. 2. Considered clothing microclimate microclimate temperature has a similar tendency to the total thermal resistance. It showed a significance in the differences of eight clothes and each parts. the belly part was highest in every combination. On the other hand for clothing humidity there was a significance between back and breast part only in the human wearing test. 3. It was indicated that CLO value was highly positively correlated with the clothings' weight and showed a high negative correlation with the air permeability.

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한(韓).중(中).일(日)의 식생활문화(食生活文化) 비교연구(比較硏究) (II) - $14{\sim}19$세기, 일상식품(日常食品)을 중심(中心)으로- (A Study on the Comparison Among Korea, China and Japan Food Cultures (II) - From 14C to 19C, on the Daily foods -)

  • 안명수
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.353-364
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    • 1997
  • A study was carried out to compare the daily foods which were eaten during $14{\sim}19$ century among Korea (Chosun dynasty), China (Ming, thing dynasty), and Japan (Muromachi, Edo era). Specially, in Ming, Ching dynasty, Noodles and dumpling were cooked very often and in Muromachi, Edo era, many kinds of beans were used so much, and there were many kinds of steamed rice to compare with Korea and China. Also, in Japan at these era Woodong, Morisoba, and Somyen were used as favorite foods harbitually. 1. The crops were used as staple foods in three countries such as steamed rice, gruel, noodle, dumpling, rice cake etc. commonly. 2. In Chosun, a roe deer, deer, antelope, and wild boar were more favoite dishes than cow, chicken, and dog, generally people enjoyed to eat pork and chicken. In Ming Ching, pork, chicken, goose, dove, lamb, ass, and duck were used as food materials, also wild animals such as deer, rabbit, and monkey etc. were used. In Muromach era, wild animal as racoon dog, otter, deer, antelope, bear, were used as food materials, in early Edo era (Yayoi and Momoyama), beef and pork were used as daily foods but they were eaten decreasingly in Edo era. So in Japan at those era, the dishes prepared of fishes were more than those of meats. For example, Sushi was made from that time, people all over the world are enjoying to have Sushi at present time. 3. Also in these era, many kinds of vegetables and fruits were used in three countries, and new kinds of vegetables and fruits were introduced from foreign countries, for example, red pepper, pumpkin, sweet potato, potato in Korea, corn, sweet potato, red pepper in China, and water melon, pumpkin, corn, red pepper, marmellow, sweet potato, sugar beet in Japan.

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