• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2020

A service involves a human interaction between a consumer (customer) and a provider (service worker). In particular, services in today's intangible economy are understood as creative activities that exercise human capital as related goods. Since most service activities are human activities, not objects, they depend on direct interaction between users and service workers, and funeral services are understood as human activities provided by service providers to service targets (deceased, families, condolences). In other words, the funeral service is a service for the deceased, survivors, and condolences in a special situation of death, and can be viewed as a human activity that is exerted by the integration of the interactions between service workers, survivors, and condolences. Functions of funeral services expand for convenience of consumers through the smooth provision of funeral supplies and a variety of complex interpersonal services so that the deceased can perform solemn funeral ceremonies. In this study, the concept and role of funeral services were studied in order to find the direction of funeral services centering for next of kin(families) and condolences, who are the subjects of services from a service-oriented logic perspective. In order to derive meaningful results of people-centered funeral services, funeral services and funeral supplies are classified from the perspective of dynamic resources, guarantees consumers a wide range of funeral choice, and customer dissatisfaction and improvement requests are handled transparently. It suggested a possible plan. Now, in order to improve the quality of life, it is necessary to make efforts to improve the quality of funeral services that improve the quality of death.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.211-217
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• 2019

The three major inventions of Jeju include the field wall of Kim Koo Pan Gwan in 1234, Jeongnang in the custom of grazing the people of Jeju, and Olleh in the tomb of Munbang-gui in 1406. Field wall, Oedam from the stone and the stone of numerical play, made Koendang, a friendship society. Even with a typhoon that is more than 30m/s, the Koendang which is about 1.5m high, will not collapse. Similarly, the main family networks of Jeju society do not collapse under any difficulties situation. When building a field wall, two stones, which are under the ground, are placed side by side, and the upper left stone is placed on top and the upper right stone is attached regularly. One stone or two stone is attached from the bottom to the top, and when a stone is small or large, a flat field is formed in one space. The Family networks is close to the grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, and me, and the distant kin represents a horizontal relationship. The field wall is a vertical relationship that builds up from bottom to top of the vertical relation, while the Koendang is a horizontal relationship where blood is distributed to the grandson of his upper grandparents. This paper proves by a non-orthogonal symmetric weighted Hadamard matrix of whether the stone in the middle of a field wall has large stones (small).

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.24
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• pp.47-85
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• 2006

One of the famous Korean verses, Sijo 'In hemp clothes in winter(삼동에 베옷 입고)' is in thirty kinds of anthologies and ten kinds of Chinese writings. The major point in literary transmission of this work was the writer. The writer of this verse is Cho Sik(조식) in most anthologies. The writer of this work is recorded as Kil Jae(길재), Kim In-hoo(김인후), Kim Eung-jung(김응정), Lee Mong-gyu(이몽규) or Kim Ryung(김령) in Chinese writings. These people were famous for their studies and virtue, but they did not take office and retired from the world until they die. They were faithful to their principles serving their kings, though the country had wanted them to take a position in the government. Even though they did not in government service, they left some anecdotes and stories of lamentation after hearing their king's death. Because these stories and anecdotes can be easily connected with 'In hemp clothes in winter' which is about mourning over death of a king, they were known as the writer of this poem. Especially, their offsprings, juniors and followers often wrote these people as the writer of this work to represent their honor. Throughout the studies of several literary documents, this poem is written by Kim Eung-Jung, who lived in Kangjin(강진) in Jeonla province(전라도) and did not take office in all his life. He made this poem when he had heard the King Myoungjong(명종)'s death. Various transmission of literary documents with the records about 'In hemp clothes in winter' have a significance that can show the aspects of noble men's acceptance and transmission of Sijo.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.325-333
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• 2021

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. Enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis by promoting proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) and oleanolic acid (OA) are small, bioactive compounds found in ginseng that can promote NSC proliferation and neural differentiation in vitro. However, it is currently unknown whether PPD or OA can attenuate cognitive deficits by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo in a transgenic APP/PS1 AD mouse model. Here, we administered PPD or OA to APP/PS1 mice and monitored the effects on cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis. Methods: We used the Morris water maze, Y maze, and open field tests to compare the cognitive capacities of treated and untreated APP/PS1 mice. We investigated hippocampal neurogenesis using Nissl staining and BrdU/NeuN double labeling. NSC proliferation was quantified by Sox2 labeling of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. We used western blotting to determine the effects of PPD and OA on Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway activation in the hippocampus. Results: Both PPD and OA significantly ameliorated the cognitive impairments observed in untreated APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, PPD and OA significantly promoted hippocampal neurogenesis and NSC proliferation. At the mechanistic level, PPD and OA treatments resulted in Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway activation in the hippocampus. Conclusion: PPD and OA ameliorate cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis, achieved by stimulating the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. As such, PPD and OA are promising novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 2011

The Freedom of Information System has been introduced into the society based on the Fair Trade Transactions Act, which was established by Fair Trade Commission (FTC) on May, 2002. However, the system itself has showed limitations in guaranteeing a reliability and transparency of the disclosure document. Thus, since February, 2008, FTC not only made franchisors to register disclosure documents but also adopted the Disclosure Document Registration System, which forced them to provide registered disclosure documents to franchise applicants and franchisee. Franchisors consider the newly adopted Disclosure Document Registration System a restrictive system. However, considering the recent trend of fast growing franchising industry and the importance of being competitive, franchisors need to utilize the disclosure documents to promote their business and to gain trusts from franchise applicants by providing truthful information. In that way, franchisors will be able to establish a foundation that franchising industry might be successful and reduce the agency fee by cutting out conflicts with franchisees. Thus, this study aims to study the ways of effective preparation of disclosure document and its utilization from a franchisor viewpoint.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of cadmium, nickel and chromium in the air of the work-place, blood of and urine of workers and compare the level of those heavy metals by the duration of work, work-place, process of work, smoking and other factors. In this study, 48 male dental laboratory technicans and 72 office workers as the control group were subjected. The concentration of cadmium, nickel and chromium in their blood sand urine, and that of heavy metals in the air of their work-rooms were examined and analyzed from June I 1987 to September 30, 1987. The results were as follows : 1. The concentration of cadmium in the air was the highest in the porcelain part, $0.0087{\pm}0.0016mg/m^3$, that of nickel was the highest in the crown bridge part, $0.4253{\pm}0.0052mg/m^3$, and that of chrnmium was highest in the partial denture part, $0.1063{\pm}0.0024mg/m^3$. 2. cadmium, nickel and chromium concentrations in the blood and urine of dental laboratory techincians were higher that in the office workers'. Especially the concentration of cadmium in the blood($1.92{\pm}1.23{\mu}g$/100ml) of th dental laboratory techician was about two times as high as that in the office workers'($0.90{\pm}0.73{\mu}g$/100ml), and the concentration of nickel in the urine($48.53{\pm}38.83{\mu}g$/e) of the dental laboratory thchnician was about two times as high as that in the office worker's($20.24{\pm}15.35{\mu}g$/e). 3. there was no difference in the concentration of cadmium, nickel and chromium in the blood and urine with a longer duration of work. 4. The concentration of cadmium and chromium in the blood and urine differed significantly depending upon the place of work. The concentration of cadmium was the highest in the blood of dental laboratory technicians working kin the poreclain part marking at $2.53{\pm}1.08{\mu}g$/100ml. The chromium level was the heighest in the blood of partial denture park workers with a concentration of $3.60{\pm}1.02{\mu}g$/100ml. Concerning the level of cadmium in urine, it was the highest in the porcelain part workers with a concentration of $3.41{\pm}3.15{\mu}g$/e. 5. The concentration of cadmium in the urine of metal trimming and polishing group($2.64{\pm}2.41{\mu}g$/e) was higher than that of non-metal trimming and polishing group($1.39{\pm}1.18{\mu}g$/e). 6. The concentration of chromium in the blood of smoking group($2.46{\pm}1.54{\mu}g$/100ml)was higher than that lf non-smoking group($1.54{\pm}1.25{\mu}g$/100ml). 7. The height positive correlation coefficient was shown between the concentration of nickel and chromium in the blood among the all correlations between 3metals(Cd, Ni, Cr) in the blood and those in urine. The correlation coefficient was relatively high(r=0.605,,p<0.01). In general, the higher the concentration of heavy metals in the air of work places the higher the concention lf them in the blood and urine of workers, mere attention should be paid to the working environment of dental laboratory workers, Furthermore, continuous biological monitoring and further research are required for an efficient health management for dental laboratory workers.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2000

Purpose :The effect of PTK inhibitors (herbimycin A and genistein) on the induction of radiation-induced apoptosis in Ph-positive KS62 leukemia cell line was investigated. Materials and Methods :K562 cells in exponential growth phase were irradiated with a linear accelerator at room temperature. For 6 MV X-ray irradiation and drug treatment, cultures were initiated at 2×106 cells/mL. The cells were irradiated with 10 Gy. Stock solutions of herbimycin A and genistein were prepared in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO). After incubation at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 0$\~$48 h, the extent of apoptosis was determined using agarose gel electrophoresis and TUNEL assay. The progression of cells through the cell cycle after irradiation and drug treatment was also determined with flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to monitor bel-2, bel-X$_{L}$ and bax protein levels. Results :Treatment with 10 Gy X-irradiation did not result in the induction of apoptosis. The HMA alone (500 nM) also failed to induce apoptosis. By contrast, incubation of K562 cells with HMA after irradiation resulted in a substantial induction of nuclear condensation and fragmentation by agarose gel electro-phoresis and TUNEL assay. Genistein failed to enhance the ability of X-irradiation to induce DNA fragmentation. Enhancement of apoptosis by HMA was not attributable to downregulation of the bel-2 or bel-X$_{L}$ anti-apoptotic proteins. When the cells were irradiated and maintained with HMA, the percentage of cells in G2/M phase decreased to 30$\~$40$\%$ at 48 h. On the other hand, cells exposed to 10 Gy X-irradiation alone or maintained with genistein did not show marked cell cycle redistribution. Conclusion : We have shown that nanomolar concentrations of the PTK inhibitor HMA synergize with X-irradiation in inducing the apoptosis in Ph (+) K562 leukemia cell line. While, genistein, a PTK inhibitor which is not selective for p210$^{bcr/abl}$ failed to enhance the radiation induced apoptosis in KS62 cells. It is unlikely that the ability of HMA to enhance apoptosis in K562 cells is attributable to bel-2 family. It is plausible that the relationship between cell cycle delays and cell death is essential for drug development based on molecular targeting designed to modify radiation-induced apoptosis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.253-260
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• 2005

Mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), which is a member of the Kin I (internal motor domain) subfamily of kinesin-related proteins, is known to play a role in mitotic segregation of chromosome during M phase of the cell cycle. In the present study, we have produced a rat polyclonal antibody using human MCAK (HsMCAK) expressed in E. coli as the antigen. The antibody specifically recognized the HsMCAK protein (81 kDa), and could detect its nuclear localization in human Jurkat T cells and 293T cells by Western blot analysis. The specific stage of the cell cycle was obtained through blocking by either hydroxyl urea or nocodazole and subsequent releasing from each blocking for 2, 4, and 7 h. While the protein level of HsMCAK reached a maximum level in the S phase with slight decline in the $G_{2}-M$ phase, the electrophoretic mobility shift from $p81^{MCAK}\;to\;p84^{MCAK}$ began to be induced in the late S phase and reached a maximum level in the $G_{2}/M $ phase, and then it disappeared as the cells enter into the $G_{1}$ phase. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that HsMCAK protein localized to centrosome and nucleus at the interphase, whereas it appeared to localize to the spindle pole, centromere of the condensed mitotic DNA, spindle fiber, or midbody, depending on the specific stage of the M phase. These results demonstrate that a rat polyclonal antibody raised against recombinant HsMCAK expressed in E. coli specifically detects human MCAK, and indicate that the electrophoretic mobility shift from $p81^{MCAK}\;to\;p84^{MCAK}$, which may be associated with its differential intracellular localization during the cell cycle, fluctuates with a maximum level of the shift at the $G_{2}-M$ phase.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 2005

The cervical spine of anteroposterior oblique view is essential to observe the intervertebral foramen(IVF). The morphologic changes of IVFs were proved to be abnormal with nerve roots and peripheral structures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effective projection angle for observing the IVFs in the Korean adults. In a prospective clinical study of 100 normal persons, $45^{\circ}$, $50^{\circ}$ and $55^{\circ}$ oblique views were compared by measuring the maximal transverse diameter of all the cervical IVFs. $45^{\circ}$ oblique views provided slightly better visualization of upper cervical level(C2-C3, C3-C4, C4-C5), but the lower cervical level(C5-C6, C6-C7, C7-T1) of IVF transverse diameters were substantially increased on the $55^{\circ}$ AP oblique projection. In the comprasion of mean differences between 8 obese person(BMI > 25) and 58 normal person(18.5 < BMI < 22.9) proved to be statistically not significant. Consequently this study shows that $55^{\circ}$AP oblique(tube angle $15^{\circ}$cephalad) view is optimal for evaluating the lower cervical IVFs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2002

Objectives : To evaluate the accuracy of the registered cause of death in a county and its related factors. Methods : The data used in this study was based on 504 cases, in a county of Chonnam province, registered between January and December 1998. Study subjects consisted of 388 of the 504 cases, and their causes of death were established by an interview survey of the next of kin or neighbor and medical record surveys. We compared the registered cause of death with the confirmed cause of death, determined by surveys and medical records, and evaluated the factors associated with the accuracy of the registered cause of death. Results : 62.6% of the deaths were concordant with 19 Chapters classification of cause of death. external causes of mortality, endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, neoplasms and diseases of the circulatory system showed the good agreement between the registered cause of death and the confirmed cause of death. The factors relating to the accuracy of the registered cause of death were the doctors' diagnosis for the cause of death (adjusted Odds Ratio: 2.67, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.21-5.89) and the grade of the public officials in charge of the death registry (adjusted Odds Ratio: 0.30, 95% CI=0.12-0.78). Conclusions : The accuracy of the registered cause of death was not high. It could be improved by using the doctors' diagnosis for death and improving the job specification for public officials who deal with death registration.