• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of acupuncture on the liver in the oxidative stress caused by cadmium accumulation. Sprague-Dawley male($150{\pm}30g$) rats were stabilized for a week and divided into 5 groups which is normal, control, $LR_3$ acupuncture, $BL_{23}$ acupuncture and sham acupuncture group. For three days experimental groups were received oral doses of cadmium 2 mg/kg twice a day. Acupuncture was given bilaterally at each point 10 times for two weeks. The depth of stimulation was 1 mm at right angles and torsion of acupuncture was produced 2 times per second for 1 minutes. The liver was shipped off and taken weight at the last day of two weeks, and hepatic functions was confirmed through alanine transaminase(ALT) and aspartate amino-transferase(AST). We measured reactive oxygen species of serum, liver and kidney, and compared expression levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase(Gpx), nuclear factor erythroid derived 2-related factor 2(Nrf-2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), Bax and Cytochrome c. $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group significantly increased liver weight and decreased ALT compared to control group. For the oxidative stress, $LR_3$ acupuncture group significantly reduced reactive oxygen species, and $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group significantly reduced reactive oxygen species and inflammation-related protein compared to control group. But $LR_3$ acupuncture group and $BL_{23}$ acupuncture group didn't significantly reduce apoptosis-related protein. Therefore $LR_3$ and $BL_{23}$ acupuncture showed the effects of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, especially $BL_{23}$ acupuncture was more effective than $LR_3$ acupuncture on the protection of liver in the oxidative stress.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2013

본 연구는 패 추출물의 항비만 효과를 조사하기 위해 C57BL/6J mice에 4주 동안 고지방 식이를 공급하여 비만을 유도한 후에, 6주간 패 추출물을 첨가한 고지방 사료를 섭취시키고 체중, 간, 신장 및 부고환 지방조직 무게, 혈액과 간의 지질 농도 및 혈중 렙틴 함량을 분석하였다. 실험 결과 HFD군에서는 고지방식이로 인하여 체중이 유의하게 증가하였으나, HFDIO군에서는 HFD군보다 체중의 증가가 유의하게 적었으며, 부고환 지방조직의 무게도 HFDIO군이 HFD군보다 유의하게 감소하였다. 고지방식이로 혈중 중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL콜레스테롤의 함량은 HFD군에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 HFDIO군에서는 유의하게 낮아졌으며 반면에 HDL콜레스테롤의 함량은 HFDIO군이 HFD군보다 유의하게 높았다. 이에 동맥경화지수와 심혈관질환위험도가 HFD군에 비해 HFDIO군에서 유의하게 낮아졌으며, 혈중 렙틴의 양도 HFDIO군이 유의하게 낮아지는 결과를 얻었다. 간 기능의 지표가 되는 ALT, AST, ${\gamma}$-GTP는 HFD군에서 유의하게 높은 값을 나타냈지만 모두 정상범위 내의 값을 나타내었고, 혈중 BUN과 혈중 Creatinine의 농도도 정상 범위 내의 값을 나타내었다. 이상의 실험 결과 고지방식이와 함께 급여한 패 추출물은 체중, 간 및 지방조직의 무게 감소와 더불어 혈장 및 간의 지질농도 개선과 혈장 렙틴 농도를 감소시키는 유용한 항비만 소재가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 앞으로 패의 어떠한 성분이 이러한 작용을 하는 지에 대한 더욱 체계적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권2호통권70호
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• pp.93-113
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• 2007

Objective : To research Trends of studies about anti-inflammation and pain relief, obesity, and safety of herbal acupuncture therapy by analyzing domestic theses, published since 2001, about herbal acupuncture therapy. Methods : Domestic theses, published since 2001, mentioning anti-inflammation or pain relief, obesity, or safety of herbal acupuncture therapy were reviewed and analyzed. These theses were then classified by university, year, and subject. Results : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. Among published theses related to anti-inflammation effects of herbal-acupuncture, studies about arthritis comprised the most part, 52. In theses relating to causes of arthritis, 16 were about adjuvant, which was the most, followed by Type II collagen, LPS and carrageenan. Blood test, reactions of inflammation and revelation of cytokine and immune cellswere methods for evaluating anti-inflammation effect. The tendency of experimental methods was to focus on molecular biologic method. 2. In theses related to pain relief, many clinical attempts with herbal injection were carried out, and Carthami Flos and Scolopendrawere used most. Observing reduction of pain inducing factor and checking behavioral change were methods for evaluating pain relief. 3. In theses related to obesity, research focused on effects in association with spots on the body suitable for acupuncture. There were also attempts comparing effectiveness between single injections and complex injections. Astraball Radix, Angelica Gigantis Radix, Coicis Semen and Taeumjowetang were used. Evaluation of anti-obesity effects were by weight loss, food efficiency, blood lipid profile and evaluation of liver function. 4. In theses related to safety of herbal-acupuncture, Herba Chelidonii Chaenonelis Fructus, Clematis Florida Thunb, Corydalidis Tuber, Paeoniae Radix, and Carthami Flos which marked 2 theses each were most studied. Methods of evaluating safety were mostly by observing liver and kidney functions based on blood test, and by applying herbal injections to clinical treatment. Conclusion : Herbal acupuncture is being used in various ways associating with its anti-inflammation, pain relief and anti-obesity effect. Studies on efficacy and mechanism of herbal acupuncture are being conducted even at the molecular biology level.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.219-231
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• 2016

신장의 기능을 정량분석 할 수 있는 $^{99m}Tc$-DMSA 평면 영상은 단층영상에 비해 병소의 위치 정보에 한계가 있다. 따라서 광자 신호에 민감한 범용성 collimator로 교체하여 SPECT 방식으로 임상실험을 시행한 후, 진단의 정확도와 검사 소요시간을 분석하여 임상적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 10명의 실험대상에게 방사성의약품(1.0-1.2 MBq/kg)을 정맥주사하고, 이중 검출기 감마카메라를 이용하여 planar scan (high resolution (HR)-mode, $256{\times}256$, 50 kcts/view, 4 image)과 SPECT (HR / high sensitive (HS)-mode, $128{\times}128$, step and shoot, $180^{\circ}$, variable sec/angle, total 64 frame, OSEM reconstruction)를 시행하였다. 획득한 데이터를 분석 프로그램을 이용하여 비교한 결과, 실험 방법에 따라서 total counts는 high sensitive-mode SPECT가 대략 1.8-5.6 배 정도 많았고, counts를 이용한 상대신장기능은 모든 실험에서 유의한 수준 범위에서 차이가 없었으며(p=0.96), 검사 소요시간은 39%정도 단축되었다. 그러므로 고감도 범용성 collimator를 이용한 $^{99m}Tc$-DMSA renal SPECT는 planar scan에 비하여 신장의 기능을 정량분석 할 수 있고, 병변의 위치에 대한 정보를 보다 정확하게 진단할 수 있으며, 동시에 검사 소요시간을 단축시킬 수 있으므로 임상적으로 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.551-563
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• 1996

This study investigated the properties of primary cultured proximal tubule cells in hormonally defined(insulin, transferrin, and hydrocortisone), serum-free medium or 10% serum-supplemented medium. The growth rate of the primary cultured proximal tubule cells was lower in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium than in the 10% serum- supplemented medium(p < 0.05), while the activities of brush border marker enzymes, alkaline phosphatase(AP), leucine aminopeptidase(LAP), and y-glutamyl transpeptidase(${\gamma}$-GTP) were increased(p < 0.05). The activities of these enzymes, however, decreased with the lapse of incubation time to 50-70% after 6 days culture compared to those of the freshly-prepared proximal tubules. The enzymatic activities of the primary cultured proximal tubul cells on 6, 9, 12, and 15 days of culture were significantly increased in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium compared to the 10% serum-supplemented medium(p < 0.05). The functional differentiation of the primary culture was examined by observing multicellular domes of the confluent monolayer, which is indicative of transepithelial solute transport. The dome formation by the proximal tubule cultures occurred at a higher frequency in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium than in the 10% serum-supplemented medium(p < 0.05). Upon electron microscopic examination, an increased density of the brush border was observed in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium compared to the cells grown in 10% serum-supplemented medium. The activities of $Na^+$glucose cotransporter($^{14}C$-a-MG uptake), $Na^+$phosphate cotransportere($^{32}P$ uptake) and $Na^+$ transporter($^{22}Na^+$ uptake) in the brush border membrane, and of $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase($^{86}Rb$ uptake) in the basolateral membrane were significantly stimulated in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium than in 10% serum-supplemented medium(p < 0.05). In conclusion, the primary cultured proximal tubule cells grown in the hormonally defined, serum-free medium demonstrated a slower growth rate, but the functions of cell were enhanced.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.202-212
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• 2008

목 적 : 본 연구에서는 만성 복막투석 아동용 삶의 질 척도(Quality of Life Scale for Children on Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis: QOLCPD)를 개발하였다. 방 법 : QOLCPD문항 개발을 위한 자료수집을 위해서 서울대학교 어린이병원에서 복막투석 중인 30명의 만성 신부전 환아가 본 연구에 참여하였다. 타 임상 집단으로 28명의 소아정신과 장애 아동과 32명의 소아정형외과 아동이 연구에 포함되었고, 정상 통제집단으로는 초등학교에 재학중인 47명의 아동이 참여하였다. 연구대상 아동들의 연령범위는 7세-16세였다. 56개의 예비문항으로 이루어진 QOLCPD와 한국판 아동용 우울척도(CDI)를 모든 아동들에게 개별적으로 실시하였다. 결 과 : 수집된 자료에 대해 주축 요인분석을 실시하여 문항-전체 상관이 낮고 요인부하량이 .2이하인 16문항을 제외시켜서 총 40문항으로 이루어진 최종 QOLCPD를 개발하였다. QOLCPD의 신뢰도 계수인 Chronbach's $\alpha$는 .87로 양호한 수준이었다. 복막투석 집단과 소아정신과 아동 집단은 정상 집단에 비해 더 낮은 삶의 질 총점을 보였다. 특히 두 집단은 삶의 질 영역 중 신체적 기능과 학업 기능에서 정상집단에 비해 낮은 점수를 보였다. 복막투석 집단의 CDI 점수는 경한 우울 수준에 해당되었다. 결 론: 자기보고형 만성 복막투석 아동용 삶의 질 척도는 임상적 유용성이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.15-35
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• 2015

Objectives This study was performed to investigate the effects of Bujasasim-tang ethanol extract (BST) on oxidative stress, inflammation and osteoarthritic rat model. Methods To ensure safety of BST, heavy metal levels were measured and cytotoxicity test was done. In vitro, To evaluate antioxidative effects of BST, total phenolic contents, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. Also, to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of BST treated group, total nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$) levels were measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo, We injected MIA $50{\mu}l$ (60 mg/ml) into knee joints of rats to induce osteoarthritis. Rats were divided into total 3 groups (normal, control, BST treated group, each n=7). Normal group was not treated at all without inducing osteoarthritis and taken normal diet. Control group was induced osteoarthritis by MIA and taken with 2 ml of distilled water once a day for 4 weeks. BST treated group was induced osteoarthritis by MIA and taken BST 2 ml (200 mg/kg/mouse) once a day for 4 weeks. We evaluated dynamic weight bearing with the Incapacitance Test Meter. At the end of experiment, the rats were sacrificed to observe the functions of liver and kidney, changes of WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte levels in blood, to evaluate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tissue inhibitor of metallopreteinases-1 (TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), leukotriene $B_4$ ($LTB_4$) within serum. We observed change of articular structures by Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E), safranin-O staining method and measured amount of cartilage by micro CT-arthrography. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired student's t-test with significance level at p<0.05 in SPSS 11.0 for windows. Results 1. Safety of the BST was identified. 2. AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine levels of BST treated group were within normal limit. In vitro, 1. DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activities of BST showed dose-dependent increase. 2. ROS production were significantly decreased. 3. Total nitric oxide (NO) and IL-$1{\beta}$ production were decreased. 4. IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production were significantly decreased. In vivo, 1. Weight bearing ability was significantly increased. 2. WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte levels in blood were decreased. 3. IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels in serum were significantly decreased. and the IL-6 level was decreased. 4. TIMP-1, MMP-9, $LTB_4$, $PGE_2$ levels in serum were significantly decreased. 5. Cartilage volume of BST treated group was significantly increased. Also changes of cartilage, synovial membrane, fibrous tissue were suppressed. Conclusions The results obtained in this study Bujasasim-tang have effects of antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, relieve pain and protection of cartilage. Therefore we expect that Bujasasim-tang is effective treatment for osteoarthritis.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.234-237
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• 2007

Calmodulin은 $Ca^{2+}$ 결합단백질로서 생체 내에서 $Ca^{2+}$ 의존적 기작을 통하여 다양한 생물학적 기능에 관여한다. 본 연구에서는 넙치 Paralichthys olivaceus의 cDNA library로부터 Calmodulin cDNA를 분리 동정하였다. 염기 서열 및 아미노산 서열을 분석한 결과, 넙치 Calmodulin cDNA는 782개의 nucleotides로 구성되어 있고, 4개의 잘 보존된 $Ca^{2+}$결합 motifs (EF-I, EF-II, EF-III, EF-IV)를 가지는 149개의 아미노산 잔기를 전사할 수 있는 open reading frame을 포함한다. 또한 번역된 아미노산 서열은 인간, 쥐, zebrafish, 개구리의 Calmodulin 아미노산 서열과 100% 동일성을 보이며 보라성게, 침팬지의 Calmodulin 아미노산 서열과 각각 97, 99%의 동일성을 보인다. 넙치 Calmodulin 전사체는 뇌와 장 조직에서 많은 양이 발현되었고, 신장, 아가미, 눈, 근육, 피부, 지느러미에서도 발현이 관찰되었다. 또한 넙치 Calmodulin 전사체는 수정 후 7일째의 발생 초기 단계 시료에서도 발현되어 수정 후 34일째까지 그 발현이 서서히 증가하였다. 이상의 결과들로부터 넙치 Calmodulin은 넙치의 발생 초기 단계에서 필요한 단백질로 생각되며 아마 항상성 유지에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 예상된다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2015

Objectives This study was intended to clarify the anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects of gamikyejakjimo-tang herbal acupuncture (GKHA) for osteoarthritis. Methods Osteoarthritis was induced by injection of MIA into right knee joint cavities of rats. Rats were divided into a total of 4 groups (n=8). The 4 groups were normal group, control group, positive comparison group and expeimental group. Indomethacin and GKHA were medicated for a total of 4 weeks. After that, functions of liver and kidney by AST, ALT, creatinine, BUN, DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity, ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, NO (Total Nitric oxide), IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ production, weight changes in the hind legs of MIA-induced osteoarthritis rat, serum PGE2, TIMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, LTB4, hs-CRP, and white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes were measured. The volume of cartilage was observed by micro CT arthrography. H&E and Safranin-O staining were used to examine the injury of synovial tissue. Results 1. In the hind leg weight bearing measurement, level of weight was increased. 2. AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine were decreased. 3. The production of total white blood cell was decreased, and the production of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes were significantly decreased. 4. The production of NO, PGE2, TIMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, LTB4 were significantly decreased, and the production of hs-CRP was also decreased but with no significance. 5. The cartilage volume was significantly increased. 6. In H&E staining and Safranin-O staning, the cartilage cell appeared to be proliferated, and proteoglycans appeared to be increased. Conclusions Based on the results above, Gamikyejakjimo-tang Herbal Acupuncture has anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation effects, which leads to suppressing the underlying causes and the progression of osteoarthritis.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1066-1077
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of herbal medicine on blood glucose in diabetic patients. Methods: The subjects were patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who had been admitted to Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital for more than 8 weeks for a primary diagnosis other than DM and who had taken herbal medicine for more than 8 weeks from January 2010 to February 2020. The medical records were analyzed retrospectively to confirm the characteristics of the subjects, and examination results included hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine. Changes in HbA1c before and after taking herbal medicine and changes according to subgroups were analyzed. Results: A total of 149 subjects with type 2 DM were selected as participants. After taking the herbal medicine, the HbA1c value was significantly decreased, and the statistical significance was maintained even when the effect of controlling antidiabetic agents was excluded. The decrease in HbA1c was higher in the poor glycemic control group. Liver and kidney functions did not show any significant changes after taking the herbal medicine. Conclusions: Administration of herbal medicine for a long period of 8 weeks or longer did not increase HbA1c in patients with DM complicated by other various diseases.