• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3 s.71
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of health promotion programmes using traditional Korean medicine among public health centre staff in charge of running such programmes. To do so, we examined and analysed the current situation of implementing the programmes in the public health centre. Methods : A survey was designed to collect information on perception of the health promotion programmes using traditional Korean medicine by public health centre staff in charge of running such programmes. The survey, using a structured questionnaire designed for this study, was conducted on 161 public health centre staff attending an annual meeting to presenting the results of activity evaluation related to public health programmes using traditional Korean medicine in public health centres. The participants were asked about the most successful programme, the benefits of the programmes, the positive aspects of the programmes, the most desirable outcomes of the programmes and so on. The data were analysed using SPSS system 12.0 for Windows. Results : Of the 161 questionnaires, 121 were analysed. The main findings of this research were as follows. Of the health promotion programmes using traditional Korean medicine implemented in public health centres, qigong and stroke preventive health promotion programmes were perceived as the most successful. The major benefits of the programmes were having merit for health promotion and expecting a positive performance outcome. The major positive aspects of the programmes for health promotion were cultivating community citizen's support and showing consistency between the philosophy of the programmes and the direction of existing health promotion programmes. The most desirable outcomes of the programmes were spreading community understanding of the programme and establishing an effective and unique health promotion model for implementing the programme. Two major causes of implementation difficulties were lack of material resources such as manpower, facility, and equipment, and methods of performance evaluation. One of the most urgent needs for activating the implementation of programmes was continuing financial and technical support from the central government. Conclusions : To promote the role of traditional Korean medicine in the public health sector in order to integrate traditional medicine into the public health system, government should develop some measures for solving the identified causes of implementation difficulties and coping with the most urgent needs for activating the implementation of programmes.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.383-394
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• 2006

In 2005, Giorgetto Giugiaro unveiled the Ferrari GG50 at the 50th anniversary celebration of his design career. Beginning his career at the age of 17, he is a master designer who has achieved design revolution by uniting creativity, design methodology, and technology. He has been awarded a number of international prizes for his exquisite achievements and reputation for car design. Carrozzeria of ITAL DESIGN, founded by Giugiaro, is a company whose ideas combine cutting-edge technology and high quality craftsmanship. Beginning in car design, ITAL DESIGN achieved a positive reputation internationally and, since 1999, has expanded even more rapidly under its new name, ITAL DESIGN-GIUGIARO. The owner of 12 affiliates worldwide, all service systems are buyer-oriented, ensuring the highest level of technical consulting. Beginning with the 1971 Alfa Romeo Alfasud, the 1st major project, more than 100 cars have been designed in the past 35 years, leading to the production or in million cars by major motor companies around the world. Giugiaro has focused on practical performance as well as external beauty in his car design, the best of which enter the mass market. With his philosophy of "I want to be the 1st customer of my design" Giugiaro design invites customer participation and input to meet their needs and demands. Free from the routine, typical image, Giugiaro design has raised the bar for creativity and thinking beyond traditional values and ideologies.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.45-59
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• 2011

Constructionists believe that mathematical knowledge is obtained by a series of purely mental constructions, with all mathematical objects existing only in the mind of the mathematician. But constructivism runs the risk of rejecting the classical laws of logic, especially the principle of bivalence and L. E. M.(Law of the Excluded Middle). This philosophy of mathematics also does not take into account the external world, and when it is taken to extremes it can mean that there is no possibility of communication from one mind to another. Two constructionists, Brouwer and Dummett, are common in rejecting the L. E. M. as a basic law of logic. As indicated by Dummett, those who first realized that rejecting realism entailed rejecting classical logic were the intuitionists of the school of Brouwer. However for Dummett, the debate between realists and antirealists is in fact a debate about semantics - about how language gets its meaning. This difference of initial viewpoints between the two constructionists makes Brouwer the intuitionist and Dummettthe the semantic anti-realist. This paper is confined to show that Dummett's proposal in favor of intuitionism differs from that of Brouwer. Brouwer's intuitionism maintained that the meaning of a mathematical sentence is essentially private and incommunicable. In contrast, Dummett's semantic anti-realism argument stresses the public and communicable character of the meaning of mathematical sentences.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.203-211
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of integrative Korean Medical treatments for patients with L-spine disk herniation that showed no response to Epidural Steroid Injections (ESI). Methods : In this study, we reviewed the medical records of ten patients who showed no improvement or relapsed after ESI. The patients each received more than three weeks of integrative treatments at Mokhuri Neck&Back Hospital. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was measured before and after treatment. A statistical analysis to compare before and after treatments was assessed using paired t-test the SPSS 12.0 Windows program. Results : After three weeks of treatment, patients showed a significant decrease in VAS and ODI scores compared to before receiving treatment. VAS scores decreased from $5.3{\pm}1.25$ to $1.9{\pm}0.99$ (p<0.001), and ODI scores decreased from $59.8{\pm}22.2$ to $32.7{\pm}14.11$ (p<0.001). Conclusions : Complex Korean Medical treatment showed effectiveness in the treatment of L-spine HIVD patients that showed no response to ESI, and more objective research is needed.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.73-87
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper was to find examples of a group of interpretations while biased toward the translation of the manuscripts of Myeongnology, and to apply the criteria of the translation of the manuscripts of Myeongnology in accordance with the criteria of SIN(信), DAL(達), and AH(雅) of EOM-BOK. Since the original author's intention should be faithfully reflected, the translation of the original book should be applied to the interpretation required at that time based on the translation corresponding to SIN(信), the translation corresponding to DAL(達) and the AH(雅) translation corresponding to the elegant interpretation. Translation is the most important purpose of implementing equivalence in the intentions of the original author, so the equivalence of the Source language and the Taget language should be observed even in the differences of expression. Up until now, the question of the translation of the nouns has mainly focused on the translation of the stylistic system by focusing on trying to overcome the structural differences of the language. Translation now requires the implementation of semantic equivalence as well as primarily a stylistic approach. This researcher wanted to open a new horizon for the study of classical literature in Myong-hak by presenting a standard for the translation of robes that achieve the intent and equivalence of the original author in the translation of the original text.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1134-1141
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• 2010

The standardized education for medical college students not only provides the opportunity to get the exclusive knowledge as a professional but also is the basis of strong professional authority. Korean Oriental medicine has pursued to standardize the education system and curricula away from the traditional education system since the modernization started. And this standardization has worked as the basis of the status advancement of Korean Oriental medicine. Through the standardization of education system and curricula, Korean Oriental medicine has been professionalized and its social status has been heightened, stabilizing itself within the establishment of institution. After this, Korean Oriental medicine has kept pursuing standardization and professionalization in the educational area. It has achieved the professionalization of curricula reflecting the specificity of Korean Oriental medicine, following the model of western medical education. This paper investigated the attitude of Korean Oriental medical doctors toward the current Korean Oriental medical education. In the survey conducted in this study, how the Korean Oriental doctors view the education of Korean Oriental college in the areas such as 'standardization', 'specificity', 'Korean Oriental medical philosophy', 'responsibility', and 'professional ethics'. And the relationship between the demographic variables of Korean Oriental medical doctors and the educational contents which should be emphasized in Korean Oriental medical school has been examined. The subjects of this study were Korean Oriental medical doctors who work as professionals after graduation of Koran Oriental Medical School and, thus, this is a meaningful study in that the contents of education which the Korean Oriental medical doctors think are needed in practice are discussed.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.81-89
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• 2014

Owing to recent advanced techniques in information and communication technology(ICT), our daily life has been changing very quickly and our life style has also been affected greatly. In the current knowledge and information society, the disabled can have a right to enjoy benefits of advanced ICT technologies. However, there is a barrier called digital divide so that the disabled have some difficulties to communicate to the world with ICT technologies. In this sense, our job is to close digital divide and let the disabled enjoy benefits of ICT technologies. Recently there have been some research works to close digital divide between the disabled and the non-disabled. Among various attempts to close digital divide, improving web accessibility for the disabled is the biggest concern since web is a still representative tool among ICT tools. The purpose of this paper is to propose some practical guidelines for improving web accessibility for the disabled. The proposed improvement guidelines are developed based on the existing web accessibility guidelines and are upgraded for more adaptable to the disabled. Our principles are based on the following philosophy. First, any input transmission must be more confirmed. Second, prevent any instant request. Third, allow the disabled to record or store the contents if necessary. Fourth, reduce physical movement for the disabled. Fifth, provide more interaction tools for the disabled.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-58
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• 2016

Objects : The purpose of this study is to understand trends of "Qigong"-related study since 2008 and to help guide the research direction of Qigong study. Methods : The computerized Korean database was searched from January 2008 until September 2016. The search terms used were 'Qi', 'Qigong', 'Doin', 'Meditation', 'bioenergy', 'training', 'life nurturing' and random or Korean language terms. Results : 1. A total of 140,914 studies were searched in this study. A total of 2,147 studies were finally selected as Qigong-related studies. 2. The average number of Qigong-related studies published in Korea since 2008 is 252.6 per year and there was no significant difference in the number of studies published by year 3. Results according to the subject categories, 805 cases were in the humanities and 2 cases were in the agriculture & maritime field. 4. Results according to the middle subject categories, philosophy was the largest with 280 studies. 5. As a result of Qigong categories showed that meditation was the highest with 1,043 (48.58%) not including duplication. 6. As a result of research method, the most frequent method was Analysis research with 1,138(53.00%) cases and the experimental research was the least with 118(5.50%) cases. 7. When the authors were investigated, the result was the most in 35 cases by Kim Byung-chae. 8. The journal that published the most Qigong-related studies was "J. of The Studies of Taoism and Culture" (52), and Dongguk University (75) had the largest number of Qigong-related studies. Conclusions : 1. Since 2008, there is no significant difference between the yearly and yearly the number of Qigong-related studies. 2. Since 2008, Qigong-related studies have been the most successful in the field of humanities, but it has been regularly published in various other field. 3. Since 2008, Qigong-related studies has shown a remarkable decline in category on External Qigong Therapy(外氣發功) and Science of Qi(氣科學). However, category on Nae-Dan(內丹), meditation, Do-In (導引) has continued steadily every year. And did not show a tendency to increase or decrease.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.79-95
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• 2021

This study aims to develop a restoration model of an armillary sphere of Tongcheon-ui (Pan-celestial Armillary Sphere) by referring to the records of Damheonseo (Hong Dae-Yong Anthology) and the artifact of an armillary sphere in the Korean Christian Museum of Soongsil University. Between 1760 and 1762, Hong, Dae-Yong (1731-1783) built Tongcheon-ui, with Na, Kyung-Jeok (1690-1762) designing the basic structure and Ann, Cheo-In (1710-1787) completing the assembly. The model in this study is a spherical body with a diameter of 510 mm. Tongcheon-ui operates the armillary sphere by transmitting the rotational power from the lantern clock. The armillary sphere is constructed in the fashion of a two-layer sphere: the outer one is Yukhab-ui that is fixed; and the inner one, Samsin-ui, is rotated around the polar axis. In the equatorial ring possessed by Samsin-ui, an ecliptic ring and a lunar-path ring are successively fixed and are tilted by 23.5° and 28.5° over the equatorial ring, respectively. A solar miniature attached to a 365-toothed inner gear on the ecliptic ring reproduces the annual motion of the Sun. A lunar miniature installed on a 114-toothed inner gear of the lunar-path ring can also replay the moon's orbital motion and phase change. By the set of 'a ratchet gear, a shaft and a spur gear' installed in the solstice-colure double-ring, the inner gears in the ecliptic ring and lunar-path ring can be rotated in the opposite direction to the rotation of Samsin-ui and then the solar and lunar miniatures can simulate their revolution over the period of a year and a month, respectively. In order to indicate the change of the moon phases, 27 pins were arranged in a uniform circle around the lunar-path ring, and the 29-toothed wheel is fixed under the solar miniature. At the center of the armillary sphere, an earth plate representing a world map is fixed horizontally. Tongcheon-ui is the armillary sphere clock developed by Confucian scholars in the late Joseon Dynasty, and the technical level at which astronomical clocks could be produced at the time is of a high standard.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.119-134
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• 2023

An Analysis of the Choice of Wedding Time Based on the Gimundungap Theory. The purpose of this study is to research the utility and validity of wedding time selection based on the principles of Ungokgimun, a recent development of Gimundungap theory. Unlike the conventional way of choosing from common auspicious hours and days deemed available for important ceremonial occasions, Ungokgimun determines the propitious heavenly wedding time catered for a particular couple based on the birth table consisting of the four pillars of the bride- and groom-to-be. Using the Hong Guk-soo numbers which are drawn from the basic principles of oriental philosophy, it utilizes a deductive approach to wedding time choice, which is considered decisive and logical. Wedding time selection for a bride and a bridegroom is determined by auspicious combinations of matching and supporting HongGuk-soo numbers. Some relevant determining factors for the time choice are three number combination of samhap, two number combination of half-hap, latitudinal combination of yuk-hap, support and control relationships between related elements, two number punishment of hyung-sal, and three number punishment of samhyung-sal, etc. The specific auspicious palace of the spouse-to-be's luck is selected on the basis of supporting or brotherly combination of numbers which are manifested on the baseline earthly plate of the bride- and groom-to-be. This is followed by the selection of the ten-year luck, and year and month luck, and finally by the selection of auspicious day and hours. The validity of this study was verified through theoretical consideration of the Ungokgimun and practical analysis of a variety of marriage cases. It was found that the way of wedding time selection using Ungok Gimundungap was relatively more effective than other conventional methods.