• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.267-282
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• 2019

This paper examines how one can build a block tridiagonal structure for k-almost normal matrices and also for k-almost conjugate normal matrices. We shall see that these representations are created by unitary similarity and unitary congruance transformations, respectively. It shall be proven that the orders of diagonal blocks are 1, k + 2, 2k + 3, ${\ldots}$, in both cases. Then these block tridiagonal structures shall be reviewed for the cases where the mentioned matrices satisfy in a second-degree polynomial. Finally, for these processes, algorithms are presented.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.404-416
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was to clarify the changes in mandibular condyle after unilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis throughout histological changes and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). Materials & Methods : Intraoral distractors were placed via submandibular incision in 8 dogs. Two unoperated animals served as controls. Distraction was performed five days after osteotomy as a rate of 0.5 mm twice per day for 10 days. Two animals were sacrificed on 7, 14, 28, and 56 days after completion of distraction, respectively. Ipsilateral condyles were harvested and processed for histological and immunohistochemical examinations. Results : The condyle cartilage is separated into four layers: fibrous layer, proliferative layer, hypertrophic layer, and calcified layer. At 7 days and 14 days after distraction, the condylar cartilage showed the decreased thickness of the articular cartilage and reduced cellularity. At 28 days after distraction, there was an increase in cellularity of fibrous, proliferative, and hypertrophic layer. However, it demonstrated reduced cellularity compared to the control. At 56 days of after distraction, the articular cartilage was an almost normal histologic structure. Positive Safranin-O staining, indicative of sulfated proteoglycans, was examined in the condylar cartilge of nonloaded control. At 7 days and 14 days after distraction, the sulfated proteoglycans is almost completely depleted from the noncalcified part of the condylar cartilage. At 28 days after distraction, there was an increase in Safranin-O staining intensity. However, the staining intensity of the experimental condyle was weaker than that of the control. At 56 days of after distraction, the condylar cartilage showed almost normal Safranin-O staining pattern. In control condyle, MMP-2 immunostaining was seen in fibrous, proliferative, and hypertrophic layer of condylar cartilage, however, it demonstrated lack of staining in fibrous and proliferative layer. At 7 days and 14 days after distraction, strong MMP-2 immunoreactivity was seen in the fibrous, proliferative and hypertrophic layer of the condylar cartilage. At 28 days after distraction, MMP-2 immunostaining was seen in the fibrous and hypertrophic layer of condylar cartilage, however, their immunoactivity was reduced. At 56 days after distraction, MMP-2 immunoreactivity showed almost normal immunostaining pattern. In control condyle, TIMP-2 immunostaining was primarily seen in fibrous and hypertrophic layer of condylar cartilage, however, it demonstrated lack of staining in proliferative layer. At 7 days after distraction, very weak TIMP-2 immunoreactivity appeared in fibrous, proliferative and hypertrophic layer of the condylar cartilage. At 14 days after distraction, weak TIMP-2 immunoreactivity was seen in the fibrous, proliferative and hypertrophic layer of the condylar cartilage. At 28 days after distraction, TIMP-2 immunoreactivity was increased in the fibrous and hypertrophic layer of condylar cartilage. At 56 days after completion of distraction, TIMP-2 immunoreactivity showed almost normal immunostaining pattern. Conclusions : The results show that short-term outcome of physiologic distraction osteogenesis may lead to degenerative changes in the condylar cartilage. These alterations in the condylar cartilage may be considered as a pressure-related degeneration of the cartilage tissue. However, the long-term results suggest that the condylar cartilage display repair activity after mandibular distraction osteogenesis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 1980

Rickets is not the deposite of minerals in the skeletal tissue and the retardation of skeletal growth in growing in growing animals. This study was undertaken to investigate the histologic effects of experimental rickets on the dental structure of the albino rats, and to show the relationship between the histological effects and the pulpal disease which induced premature loss of the primary teeth. This study was based on material obtained from 40 white rats that were placed on a rachitogenic diet for a period 1 to 56 days after weaning (at 24 days). In addition, a study was made of 25 litter mates, 24 to 80 days, that were fed a normal diet. The following results were obtained: 1. Enamel formation and calcification showed no significant changes and no hypoplasia. 2. Dentin formation and calcification was retarded and disturbed. In the experimental group, predentin/calcified dentin was remarkablly increased. 3. Newly formed dentin showed interglobular texture (less homogenous calcification) and the predentin was significantly wider and thicker, and there was an irregular wave in the basal portion of the rat's incisors. 4. In cementum, Matrix formed at almost a normal rate but calcification was defective. So cementoid tissue was increasesd. 5. The formation of the alveolar bone was at almost a normal rate but calcification was retarded. The trabecular bone was filled with osteoid tissue and thicker than in normal groups.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.173-181
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• 2017

The stability of the steady Rossby-Haurwitz wave (R-H wave) in the nondivergent barotropic model (NBM) on the sphere was investigated with the normal mode method. The linearized NBM equation with respect to the R-H wave was formulated into the eigenvalue-eigenvector problem consisting of the huge sparse matrix by expanding the variables with the spherical harmonic functions. It was shown that the definite threshold R-H wave amplitude for instability could be obtained by the normal mode method. It was revealed that some unstable modes were stationary, which tend to amplify without the time change of the spatial structure. The maximum growth rate of the most unstable mode turned out to be in almost linear proportion to the R-H wave amplitude. As a whole, the growth rate of the unstable mode was found to increase with the zonal- and total-wavenumber. The most unstable mode turned out to consist of more-than-one zonal wavenumber, and in some cases, the mode exhibited a discontinuity over the local domain of weak or vanishing flow. The normal mode method developed here could be readily extended to the basic state comprised of multiple zonalwavenumber components as far as the same total wavenumber is given.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.461-474
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• 1993

This study was performed to estimate the effect of plaque control on the progress of the repair pattern of the alveolar bone surface after bone surgery. In this experiment six mongrel dogs were used, four of them were as experimental group and others were as control. In the case of experimental group, dental floss ligature was tied over the neck of crown for permiting of plaque accumulation during one week before surgery and oral hygiene procedures were not performed. In control group, all the surgical intervention was done as same procedure with experimental except oral hygiene program. After surgery plaque was controlled during one week with using the chlorhexidine brushing. Animals were sacrificed at 1,2,4,6 weeks after osseous surgery. The results were as follows : 1. The alveolar bone defects were covered with regenerated epithelium at one week, matrix change of granulation tissue on subcutaneous area was observed, and new bone formation was initiated from the surface of the bone defects. 2. The connective tissue arrangement revealed more dense, new bone formation by osteoblasts was active at 2 weeks and proliferation of gingival epithelium and alveolar bone tissue were evident at 4 weeks, and almostly recovered to normal condition at 6 weeks. 3. In experimental group, inflammatory reaction was persistent in early stage and bone repair was delayed compared to control group. 4. In control group, matrix change of granulation tissue was initiated from one week, regeneration of gingival epithelium and maturation of subcutaneous conective tissue and new bone formation were evident at 2 weeks, so almost normal bone regeneration was observed at 4,6 weeks.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.195-200
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• 2013

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteines-like protein 1 (SPARCL1), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several disorders including cancer. However, little is known about the expression and significance of SPARCL1 in human breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the expression pattern and clinicopathological significance of SPARCL1 in a Chinese breast cancer cohort. mRNA and protein expression of SPARCL1 in human breast cancer cell lines and breast cancer tissues was detected using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blotting, respectively. Immunostaining of SPARCL1 in 282 Chinese breast cancer samples was examined and associations with clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. Compared to the positive expression in immortalized human breast epithelial cells, SPARCL1 was nearly absent in human breast cancer cell lines. Similarly, a significantly reduced expression of SPARCL1 was observed in human breast cancer tissues compared to that in normal breast epithelial tissues, for both mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that strong cytoplasmic immunostaining of SPARCL1 was observed in almost all normal breast samples (43/45) while moderate and strong immunostaining of SPARCL1 was only detected in 191 of 282 (67.7%) breast cancer cases. Moreover, down-regulation of SPARCL1 was significantly correlated with lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.020) and poor grade (P = 0.044). In conclusion, SPARCL1 may be involved in the breast tumorigenesis and serve as a promising target for therapy of breast cancer.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.265-279
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• 1997

This study aims to demonstrate the effect of chitosan, one of the natural chelator, on the ultrastructural changes in the mouse liver caused by cadmium. A total of 60 healthy ICR that weighted 30 gm $({\pm}2gm)$ was used for experiment. The experimental group was divided into three groups; group A, B, and C. The group A and B administrated cadmium (4.0 mg/kg) to the intraperitoneal after pretreated with chitosan (0.5% solution) for 30 and 7 days, respectively. Each group was observed at 12, 24, 48, 72 hours and one week after injected cadmium. The results were as follows: 1. Group A The nuclear membrane and the chromatin were normal shapes at overall the time. The inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria damaged a little but almost normal in shapes. And electron-density showed slightly compacted. some enlarged rER (rough endoplasmic reticulum) showed at 12 hours. At 48 hours, typical lamellae of the rER were reformed, and a lot of transvesicles observed around them. To 48 hours, sER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) was slightly dilated. From 72 hours, sER rehalizated in normal shape. 2. Group B Nuclear membranes were rounded-shape and chromatin showed evenly. To 72 hours, a lot of mitochondria observed around rER and development of cristae showed weakly. But at one week, cristae were clear and electron-density of matrix showed high. At 72 hours lamellae of rER showed some broken, but were reformed at one week. Also at one week, glycogen granules evenly showed over cytoplasm. 3. Group C At 12 hours, Nucleus showed the condensation of nuclear membrane and clear condensation at 24 hours. However, nuclear membrane had a slightly rounded-shape from 72 hours. From 12 hours to the one week, mitochondria showed the dilation of inner cavity and weak development of cristae. Also electron-density of matrix was a little low. Occasionally, destruction of inner and outer membrane observed at one week. The dilation of cisternae and destruction of lamellae of rER showed from 12 to 48 hours. From 72 hours, rER showed slightly dilated only. And lamella observed at one week. In sER, dilation of inner cavity was observed during whole period. These results suggest that chitosan attenuates the toxic effect of the cadmium in the mouse liver.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.91-105
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• 1998

The present study is undertaken to investigate the hypertrophical changes of the corpus allatum (corpora allata, CA) after the ovariectomy in Blattella germanica. In particular, the ultrastructural aspects of the normal and ovariectomized conditions, and induced factors of the hypertrophic phenomenon are focused. Ultrastructure of the CA from an immediately emergent adult is similar to that of the last larval stage that has stopped secreting juvenile hormone. The CA is composed of undifferentiated cells, exhibiting an electron-lucent matrix, a few mitochondria and less smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The karyoplasm occupy most of the cytoplasm. Electron-dense materials are filled with the intercellular spaces and gap junctions are also found. Almost no ultrastructural changes have been noticed during seven days until the oviposition. However, considerable changes in structure have been detected soon after the oviposition. Mitochondria are increased dramatically in number and cristae, and changed to the filamentous form with a high electron density. In addition, Golgi complexes, microtubules, and polysomes are also increased. After an oviposition, the total volume of the CA are decreased again. The volume of the CA are increased continuously, hypertrophy, after the ovariectomy. Morphological aspects of the CA in an early stage after the removal are similar to the structure of the secondary egg maturation. Large and electron dense globules are observed in the ovariectomized CA cytoplasms and they are present in those cells for a long period of time. Yet such a hypertrophical phenomenon occur only in the specific cells. The hypertrophy are caused by hollowing the part of the CA cells and later filling such site with polysomes. In 42 days after the ovariectomy, the nuclear membranes disappear in the CA cells, thus, exhibiting the prokaryotic-like features. Some results of the current study will contribute to the establishment of the model that explain unusual changes accompanied by certain treatment in insects and/or further in animals.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2009

To investigate the inhibitory effects of Peonia japonica water extract(PJWE) on skin wrinkle formation, skin wrinkles were induced by both the irradiation of UVB and the application of squalene monohydroperoxide to the backs of hairless mice for 4 weeks. And at the same time experimental materials were applied topically. Wrinkles for the control (C) group were formed as a pattern of deep furrows and thick crests. Whereas wrinkles for the positive control (PC, 0.01% retinoic acid) and experimental(E, PJWE) groups were formed as a pattern of shallow furrows and thin crests, which were similar to that of the normal(N) group. Collagen and elastic fibers in dermis of the PC and E groups were almost intact with a regular arrangement, which were similar to those of the N group. The activity of xanthine oxidase, the free radical generating enzyme, was significantly lower in the E group than the C and PC groups. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, the free radical scavenging enzymes, were much higher in the E group than the C and PC groups and similar to the N group. As for the amount of matrix metalloproteinase-3(MMP-3) expression, PC and E groups were significantly lower than the C group. Therefore, PJWE could be very effective natural herbal material for the inhibition or improvement of wrinkle formation in hairless mice skin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.255-260
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• 2014

The acute lumbar pain patients who were unavoidable to take MRI examination were made to take altered lateral recumbent position. they were also not able to control their painfulness and to be in supine position. In this study, it is supposed to increase success rate of the MRI examination through taking the altered lateral recumbent position in using spine and body matrix coil. This altered position made relaxing lumber pain and fatigue for the patients who suffered from sever lumber pain. In these reasons, it decreases the motion artifacts through correcting uncomfortable posture. As a result, qualitative analysis for the image quality was estimated to have average points of supine position A group(lateral recumbent position) of normal candidates and B group(lateral recumbent position) of the abnormal candidates who have sever pain at 4.64, 3.44, and 3.40, respectively. In conclusion, while qualitative analysis in the examination with supine position of the normal patients had significantly high points, the qualitative analysis in the examination with lateral recumbent position of the normal patients and abnormal patients who had sever lumbar pain was almost same. In addition, it was judged that radiologists' imagery interpretation had no other problems in the image evaluation of B group who had acute lumbar pain of abnormal patients. Hereupon, if this technique becomes generalized for the patients who suffer from supine position in the examination, it is supposed to be useful in medical field.