• 간호행정학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2004

Purpose: The study was done to analyze the concept of accountability. Method: This study adopts a methode of Walker and Avant(1995) for analysis. Result: The defining attributes of accountability are obligation(competency, implementation) of justification, explanation, reporting and disclosure one's action to whom, acception of the evaluation and sanction against results of one's action. The antecedents of accountability are competency, knowledge, skills, values, duty, obligation, authority, empowerment, responsibility, autonomy. The consequences are public safety, improvement of professionalism & healthcare quality, partnership and stress & strain. Conclusions: It is required to develop the ethical concept and theory construction for accountability.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.453-458
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• 2009

In this paper, we consider Jarque-Bera (JB) normality test for the innovations of ARMA-GARCH models. In financial applications, JB test based on the residuals are routinely used for the normality of ARMA-GARCH innovations without a justification. However, the validity of JB test should be justified in advance of the actual practice (Lee et al., 2009). Through the simulation study, it is found that the validity of JB test depends on the shape of test statistic. Specifically, when the constant term is involved in ARMA model, a certain type of residual based JB test produces severe size distortions.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.665-682
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• 2005

The sample reuse bootstrap technique has been successful to attract both applied and theoretical statisticians since its origination. In recent years a good deal of attention has been focused on the applications of bootstrap methods in regression analysis. It is easier but more accurate computation methods heavily depend on high-speed computers and warrant tough mathematical justification for their validity. It is now evident that the presence of multiple unusual observations could make a great deal of damage to the inferential procedure. We suspect that bootstrap methods may not be free from this problem. We at first present few examples in favour of our suspicion and propose a new method diagnostic-before-bootstrap method for regression purpose. The usefulness of our newly proposed method is investigated through few well-known examples and a Monte Carlo simulation under a variety of error and leverage structures.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2013

민간경비가 치안의 한 축으로써 사회질서유지라는 본래의 목적을 달성하기 위해서는 전(全)사회가 동의하는 방향으로 나아가야하고, 그렇게 되기 위해서는 민간경비가 근거하는 철학적 가치와 이념적 기반이 조성되어야 한다. 이러한 과정에서 민간경비가 지켜야 할 가치 또는 방향, 규범이 민간경비이념이다. 이러한 관점에서 이 연구에서는 민간경비가 추구하는 진정한 규범적 당위론적 이념을 정립하는데 목적이 있다. 민간경비의 이념으로는 공공성, 공익, 능률성, 합법성, 대응성 등을 들 수 있다. 이들 이념들 간에는 가치충돌이 발생하기도 하지만, 상호 보완적인 조화를 이루어야 한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.291-318
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• 2002

We investigated on the primary school children's abilities of formal reasoning. Seventy students in grade 5 participated in the study. They responsed their best reactions on the problems constituted of three parts requiring the informal or formal reasoning and generalization. Their reactions are classified by some criteria depending the level of reasoning. About 10 students showed that they constructed a kind of scheme for solving the problems, similar to formal reasoning and beyond naive informal reasoning. And about 30 students did so partially. We concluded that the teaching and learning of reasoning by the progressive increasing the degree of rigor from grade 5 is possible.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.459-479
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• 2006

There has been an increasing concern of whether a real instructional change happens in a way to promote students' mathematical development. Against this background, this paper dealt with successes and difficulties an elementary school teacher went through as she moved on to student-centered instruction. The analysis drew on classroom observations for one year to illustrate how the teacher and students established social norms, sociomathematical norms, and classroom mathematical practices that could emphasize mathematical sense-making and justification of ideas. Close analysis showed many gradual but dramatic changes in terms of mathematics classroom culture. This led to consider possibly subtle but crucial issues with regard to implementing student-centered instruction.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.465-481
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• 2013

In this study, 27 pre-service teachers presented virtual mathematics instruction to develop his/her own teaching practice ability. I found several attributes in their virtual mathematics instruction such as connecting contents, asking justification, encouraging students' communication, representing variously, and using ICT etc. These will be the characteristics of the future mathematics class. When peer pre-service teachers assess presenter's instruction quantitatively, there are differences in the results between expert and pre-service teachers. Pre-service teachers didn't find the elements of student self assessment or group assessment and communication activities at the virtual instruction. When they assess peers' virtual instruction qualitatively, the results are specific or new ones compared with the quantitative assessment elements. Thus I suggested some implications for the mathematics pre-service teachers' virtual instruction in the view of teacher education.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.188-213
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• 1994

Strategic information systems planning (SISP) remains a critical issue of many organizations and also the top IS concern of chief executives. Therefore, researchers have investigated SISP practices and tried to improve a methodology. Among the various issues of SISP, systematically determining subject database groupings and fully automating the processes are important aspects. This study presents an alternate methodology using a statistical technique, a variable clustering approach, and systematic rules for determining database groupings, which can be fully automated. This methodology provides a strong theoritical justification as well as systematic and simple criteria for database groupings, enhanced interpretability of the output, and would be easy to include in CASE software application.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2012

This paper is part of the research about the selection and justification of Jeju international airport as an aircraft category 'F' alternative airport, which is the results of an weather analysis based on meteorological statistics. As the results of the study, it has been only 1 day per year (58minutes) that weather conditions of Incheon and Jeju international airports, from January 2006 to June 2011, are below landing weather minimums of each airport at the same times. This means that these airports are not within the same meteorological region, which is against the current orthodoxy. In addition, it is very rare that weather conditions of Jeju international airports are below landing weather minimums when Incheon international airport is below landing weather minima. It shows that the meteorological characteristics of these regions differ widely and the designation of Jeju international airport as an alternative airport is scientifically reasonable.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.175-190
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• 2003

This paper discusses the determinants of green practices and incorporates some empirical findings from a recent study in the petrochemical sector in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. The study was comprised of a survey and follow-up interviews with senior executives who participated in the survey. Of fourteen companies involved, the findings affirmed that the investigation of accidents, provision of an emergency response, employee training, decreasing the production of wastes, and pre-treating wastes before disposal should be stressed. Government requirement, the economic reasons and public pressures were the driving forces of green practices. The five most important determinants identified include performance evaluation, financial justification, impacts on company, management leadership and operations integration. Implementing environmental management systems as a feasible approach to green practices in the petrochemical sector was explored. The findings provide guidance that helps organisations to accommodate the determinants of green practices into achieving sustainable environmental goals.