• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.405-418
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the interest level of mothers in oral health. The subjects in this study were 184 mothers whose children attended daycare centers in the city of K. A survey was conducted from March 15 through April 30, 2007, and SPSS WIN 11.5 program was employed to analyze their answer sheets. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. A group of mothers whose children brushed their teeth three times a day on the average made up 55.7 percent of those who were at the age of 35 and under. Among the mothers having three or more children, those mothers accounted for 59.1 percent. The daily mean toothbrushing frequency of children was higher among the better-educated mothers. 2. Concerning dietary and oral guidance, the mothers whose academic background was better curbed their children's excessive sugar intake more often, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant(pE.05). As to the importance of oral health by the number of child and academic credential, those who had two children(36.0%) taught them the importance of oral health frequently(pE.01), and the better-educated mothers taught about it often(pE.05). The gap between the groups and the others was significant. 3. As for experience of visiting dental institutions, the working mothers visited dental institutions more often than the stay-at-home mothers, and the gap between them was statistically significant(pE.05). Regarding purpose of the visit, the largest group aimed to get treatment(64.6%), followed by having a dental checkup(14.6%) and receiving preventive treatment(13.5%). As to any inconveniences in using dental institutions, those who were working and who were in the upper income bracket found it more inconvenient to do that because of a long distance or time constraints. The gap between them and the others was significant. 4. In regard to concern for dental care, the mothers who were better educated(pE.001) and whose family income was 3 million won or more had their teeth scaled more often, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant(pE.01). The rate of the regular visitors of dental institutions stood at 32.7 percent of the junior-college graduates, 31.0 percent of the mothers receiving college or higher education and 10.1 percent of the high-school graduates(pE.01). And those who earned larger income paid a visit to dental institutions more often and on a regular basis. The gap between them and the others was statistically significant(pE.05).

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.53-68
• /
• 2012

This paper investigated the conceptual schemes four children constructed as they related division number sentences to various types of fraction: Proper fractions, improper fractions, and mixed numbers in both contextual and abstract symbolic forms. Methods followed those of the constructivist teaching experiment. Four fifth-grade students from an inner city school in the southwest United States were interviewed eight times: Pre-test clinical interview, six teaching / semi-structured interviews, and a final post-test clinical interview. Results showed that for equal sharing situations, children conceptualized division in two ways: For mixed numbers, division generated a whole number portion of quotient and a fractional portion of quotient. This provided the conceptual basis to see improper fractions as quotients. For proper fractions, they tended to see the quotient as an instance of the multiplicative structure: $a{\times}b=c$ ; $a{\div}c=\frac{1}{b}$ ; $b{\div}c=\frac{1}{a}$. Results suggest that first, facility in recall of multiplication and division fact families and understanding the multiplicative structure must be emphasized before learning fraction division. Second, to facilitate understanding of the multiplicative structure children must be fluent in representing division in the form of number sentences for equal sharing word problems. If not, their reliance on long division hampers their use of syntax and their understanding of divisor and dividend and their relation to the concepts of numerator and denominator.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 1999

The purpose of the present study was to test hypothesis that, because it uses tri-dimensional sensory pathway which have been showed a higher rate of neural activities than uni- or bi-dimensional's, lab-activity-based instruction is more effective teaching strategy in learning science than verbal-based instruction. In the present study, manipulative teaching strategy that uses visual, somatosensory and auditory information pathway was regarded as a mode of tri-dimensional sensory inputs. In addition, verbal teaching strategy that uses mainly auditory and a little visual information pathway was used as a mode of bi-dimensional sensory inputs. Fifty-six students who failed to successfully solve two proportional reasoning tasks (i.e., pouring water tasks) were sampled for this research from a junior high school. The subjects were randomly divided into a manipulative or a verbal teaching group, and given manipulative or verbal tutoring on the use of proportional reasoning strategies and a test of proportional reasoning during instruction. The results showed that manipulative group's performance on the test of proportional reasoning during instruction showed significantly higher performance than verbal group's (t=2.45, p<0.02). The present study also discussed some educational implications of the results.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.120-129
• /
• 2008

In this study, 17 formative assessments using cartoon were developed for studying 'genetics and evolution' chapter in textbook of third grade of junior high school. And those were applied to 73 students in experimental group and 78 students in control group. We investigated if there was positive effect on students' perception, attitude about assessment and scholastic achievement. As a result, we could find the formative assessments using cartoon were effective to change students' negative perception and attitude to positive one. Especially, those were effective to make students to understand usefulness of assessment (p<.05), and to decrease a feeling of uneasiness about assessment (p<.01). Also, we could find the developed formative assessments using cartoon had more positive effect on raising scholastic achievement than formative assessment using descriptive passage (p<.05). It was considered that this was because the abstract concepts of 'genetics and evolution' chapter were described in pictures, so contexts of textbook and assessment questions became easier to understand. So, we could conclude that formative assessment using cartoon contributed to increase students' understanding of contexts of textbook and to increase their interests about study. And if this assessment method is applied to class actively, students' feeling of uneasiness about assessment can be easily overcome and it can also give them positive perception about assessment.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.111-121
• /
• 2014

Objectives: In this study, perception of body image, eating attitudes and weight control were examined by the degree of obesity using Body Mass Index (BMI). Methods: Out of 420 questionnaires distributed to the female middle school students (aged 12-16 years), 407 were returned (97% response rate) and 395 were analyzed (94% analysis rate). Female students were divided into two groups based on the BMI percentile using the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. (1) normal weight ($5^{th}$ percentile ${\leq}$ BMI < $85^{th}$ percentile) (2) obese ($85^{th}$ percentile ${\leq}$ BMI) by 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. Satisfaction of self-body shape, risk of disturbed eating attitudes (Eating Attitude Test : EAT-26), and weight control behaviors were examined. Results: Distribution of the subjects by BMI was 74.5% of normal and 25.5% of obese. There were significant differences between self-perceived current body image and self-perceived ideal body image. The dissatisfaction of body image was higher in obese than in normal groups (p<0.001). 51.4% of female students were unsatisfied with their body image, while 2.6% were very satisfied. Among the students unsatisfied with their body image, 150 (52.1%) were of normal weight and 48 (49.4%) were obese. EAT-26 total scores were significantly higher in the obese group ($16.42{\pm}8.23$) compared with normal group ($13.72{\pm}8.10$) (p<0.01). Attempted to weight control were significantly different by the BMI (p<0.001). Conclusions: This study concludes that there was desire to become thinner than current status in female students, even those with normal BMI. Many female students were dissatisfied with their body image and attempted to lose weight. It is harmful to their health and nutritional status if they choose undesirable methods. These findings suggested that there are needs to encourage female students for maintaining healthy weight. A higher score of EAT-26 was associated with dissatisfaction of selfbody image and this may lead to unhealthy behaviors in obese female students.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.297-305
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine resilience and empathy on the relation between humanity and friendship of the early adolescents using structural equation modeling. The subjects were total 332 students of the 5th and 6th grade in elementary school and 1st and 2nd grade in junior school. The data were collected by means of the self-report questionnaire. The results of this study were as follows: Firstly, the direct effect of humanity on resilience, empathy, and friendship was found. Resilience also influence friendship directly, but empathy did not affect friendship. Secondly, humanity had influence on friendship partially mediated by resilience, but not mediated by empathy. This result shows that resilience was better mediated between humanity and friendship than empathy. Additionally, sex differences were found on empathy, but the differences were not found on resilience. The results revealed that the adolescents who scored high on humanity were better at friendship and when the higher humanity score was, the higher level of resilience was found, and this had an indirect effect on friendship quality.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.1101-1118
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine which factors determine self-rated health(SRH) among Korean elderly focusing on gender differences. To achieve this purpose, it uses the Hallym Longitudinal Study of Aging, wave 4 in 2009. Participants aged 65 and over from wave 4 were selected(N=986, male 407, female 579). From wave 4, all variables were selected except for respondents' education which was from wave1. In analyses, $x^2$ or t-test were conducted to examine whether independent variables significantly differ by SRH. Then, since a dependent variable consisted of two categories-being healthy or not being healthy, logistic regressions were run. What makes gender differences in the link of independent variables to SRH were 75-84 age group, education, and IADLs. For females, 75-84 age group rated their health as worse compared to 65-74 age group, but this age group did not have significant effect on SRH for males. Females graduating from junior high school were more likely to higher rate their health compared to their counterparts. However, education was not significant for males. Instrumental activities of daily living(IADLs) is one of variables affecting SRH by making gender differences. Female having problems with IADLs were more likely to be significantly negatively rate their health compared to males. Through focusing on age, education, IADLs making gender difference in evaluating health, governments needs to support males and females differently.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.111-126
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effects of perceived father's rearing attitudes on the relationship between self-efficacy and smartphone addiction in adolescents. A survey was conducted using a convenient sample drawn from 570 students from eleven junior high school in Seoul. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 program. The results show that 22.4% of students was in the risk of smatphone addiction. High risk of smartphone addiction group use smartphone longer for communication and had more trouble with their parents because of smartphone use. Smartphone addiction showed negative relationship with self-efficacy and affection-rational explanation of perceived father's rearing attitude but had positive relationship with inconsistency-intrusiveness of perceived father's rearing attitude. Furthermore, the result showed the moderating effects of perceived father's rearing attitude on the relationship between self-efficacy and smartphone addiction. Therefore, to prevent smartphone addiction in adolescent, we should try to increase self-efficacy in adolescent as well as to develop educational program to assist parent to understand their children.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.65-81
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this thesis was to analyze shopping orientations of adolescence and to understand the reasons of their dissatisfactions in purchasing garments at so-called internet malls. This study was to provide basic information helpful in clothing study by finding out dissatisfactory factors of adolescence purchasing clothes through internet malls. This survey was done among 273 students of 3 junior-high schools and 3 high schools within the boundary of Seoul and its suburb area, among which 265 of them were qualified as legitimate survey. The results were as follows. First, the youth shopping trends were divided into the 5 categories according to the basic trends. And the 5 categories were 'Convenience seeking', 'Peer-assimilating', 'Personality/trend worshipping', 'Passive and inactive', and 'Thrifty' The survey represented that girls showed higher garment assimilating rate and made better economic choices than boys did. The survey also showed that the highschool students used internet shopping mall in order to seek better prices. furthermore, the primary targets of the juvenile internet shopping were shoes and garments, which includes both upper and lower clothing. Second, The dissatisfaction factors of internet shopping were the 'Mismatch of the goods in the screen and those of the real life', 'Exchange/Refund', 'Qualify', 'Desigin and color', 'Shipping', and 'Size' in order of biggest to the smallest. The dissatisfaction rate was higher among the groups of 'Thrifty', 'Personality/Trend worshipping', 'Convenience seeking', girls and highschool goers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.337-348
• /
• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the succession patterns of dietary culture and to find out all the educational problems with female college students in both countries as the central figure. The results are as follows. The degree of knowledge acquisition about food of annual custom is 58% in Korea and 72% in Japan. What the rate of knowledge acquisition is high among both countries’ similar food of annual custom are ${\ulcorner}Seolnal(Gantan){\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Sambok(Doyonohi){\lrcorner}$, and ${\ulcorner}Chuseok(Tsukimi){\lrcorner}$. Cooking experience of festive food is 45% in Korea and 58% in Japan. Among both countries' common festive food what cooking experience is high in Korea are ${\ulcorner}Seolnal{\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}Chuseok{\lrcorner}$, which are over 97%. In Japan those are ${\ulcorner}Gantan{\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}Tsukimi{\lrcorner}$, which are over 80%. Regarding learning experience of festive food ${\ulcorner}Seolnal{\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}Gantan{\lrcorner}$ are beyond 80% and ${\ulcorner}Chuseok{\lrcorner}$ is 88%. In Japan ${\ulcorner}Tsukimi{\lrcorner}$ is 71% and ${\ulcorner}Omisoka{\lrcorner}$ is 85%. The learning sources of food of annual custom are parents and schools in common, and Korea has another learning sources, mass communication. Festive food that is cooked shows much similarity between two countries, but each country has originality. As common food of annual custom ${\ulcorner}Seolnal{\lrcorner}$ has nine kinds of food, ${\ulcorner}Sambok{\lrcorner}$ has three kinds, and ${\ulcorner}Chuseok{\lrcorner}$ has five kinds in Korea In Japan ${\ulcorner}Gantan{\lrcorner}$ has fourteen kinds of food, ${\ulcorner}Doyonohi{\lrcorner}$ has three kinds, and ${\ulcorner}Tsukimi{\lrcorner}$ has five kinds. The successive consciousness about food of annual custom is concentrated on a specific food in Korea. And Japanese consciousness is shown as an expansion-type on diverse food. Korean successive consciousness is 69.4% and Japanese consciousness is 82%. The higher the rate of knowledge acquisition, cooking experience, and learning experience are in both countries, the higher successive consciousness is. So we must note for the importance of home and school’s education.