Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2019.17.6.297

The Mediating Effect of Resilience and Empathy on the Relation between Humanity and Friendship of the Early Adolescents  

Woo, Ju-Young (Division of Rehabilitation Therapy, Korea Nazarene University)
Park, Min (Division of Rehabilitation Therapy, Korea Nazarene University)
Publication Information
Journal of Digital Convergence / v.17, no.6, 2019 , pp. 297-305 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine resilience and empathy on the relation between humanity and friendship of the early adolescents using structural equation modeling. The subjects were total 332 students of the 5th and 6th grade in elementary school and 1st and 2nd grade in junior school. The data were collected by means of the self-report questionnaire. The results of this study were as follows: Firstly, the direct effect of humanity on resilience, empathy, and friendship was found. Resilience also influence friendship directly, but empathy did not affect friendship. Secondly, humanity had influence on friendship partially mediated by resilience, but not mediated by empathy. This result shows that resilience was better mediated between humanity and friendship than empathy. Additionally, sex differences were found on empathy, but the differences were not found on resilience. The results revealed that the adolescents who scored high on humanity were better at friendship and when the higher humanity score was, the higher level of resilience was found, and this had an indirect effect on friendship quality.
Keywords
Early adolescents; Humanity; Resilience; Empathy; Friendship;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 S. H. Kang & S. J. Chang. (2013). The mediating effect of character strengths in the relationship between social supports and subjective well-being: Focused on community child centers. Korea Journal of Counseling, 14(4), 2395-2416. DOI : 10.15703/kjc.14.4.201308.2395   DOI
2 J. R. Gang, M. S. An & Y. G. Park. (2014). Mediating and moderating effects of character strengths on the relationship of temperament and parental attitude to school adjustment in adolescents. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 21(10), 147-165. UCI : G704-000387.2014.21.10.015
3 S. S. Lim. (2013). The study on the development of integrated model of resilience and positive development of adolescents. Journal of Future Oriented Youth Society, 10(2), 1-26. UCI : G704-002141.2013.10.2.001
4 A. S. Masten. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience process in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227-238. DOI : 10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227   DOI
5 E. K. Bae. (2011). The effect of empathic ability on school adjustment mediated by self-esteem. The Journal of the Korean Association of Psychotherapy, 3(1), 85-100.
6 I. S. Oh & M. J. Park (2019). The sequential mediating effects of peer relationship quality and self-efficacy on the relation between adolescents' empathy and their school adjustment. Secondary Education Research, 67(1), 35-65. DOI : 10.25152/ser.2019.67.1.35   DOI
7 B. Chakrabarti & S. Baron-Cohen, S. (2006). Empathizing: Neurocognitive developmental mechanisms and individual differences. In S. Anders, G. Ende, M. Junghofer, J. Kissler, & D. Wildgruber (Eds.), Progress in brain research: Vol. 156. Understanding emotions (pp. 403-418). Amsterdam: Elsevier. DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6123(06)56022-4
8 M. H. Davis. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 113-126. DOI : 10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113   DOI
9 K. de Corte, A. Buysse, L. L. Verhofstadt, H. Roeyers, K. Ponnet & M. H. Davis. (2007). Measuring empathic tendencies: Reliability and validity of the Dutch version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Psychologica Belgica, 47(4), 235-260. DOI : 10.5334/pb-47-4-235   DOI
10 C. O. Park & H. R. Ghim. (2010). Sex and peer status differences in empathizing and systemizing: Data from Korean 6 graders. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 23(4), 127-148. UCI : G704-000281.2010.23.4.008
11 Y. G. Yu & M. S. Yoo. (2012). The effects of children's empathy ability on the prosocial behavior according to gender. Sookmyung Journal of Child Study, 25(1), 17-32.
12 M. L. Martinez-Marti & W. Ruch. (2017). Character strengths predict resilience over and above positive affect, self-efficacy, optimism, social support, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(2), 110-119. DOI : 10.1080/17439760.2016.1163403   DOI
13 J. H. Keum, D. S. Kim & S. I. Jeong. (2016). The structural relationship among computer use hours, smart phone dependency, pornography addiction, learning activities, and peer relationship of male adolescents. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 23(4), 219-241. UCI : G704-000387.2016.23.4.020
14 J. M. Choe & M. L. Kim. (2003). The study of adolescents' friendships general characteristics, satisfaction and self-esteem. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 10(3), 373-394. UCI : G704-000387.2003.10.3.016
15 Y. J. Han, & S. H. Kim. (2015). The mediating effect of conflict resolution strategies on the relation between empathy and friendship of the early adolescents. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 22(12), 471-491. UCI : G704-000387.2015.22.12.030
16 S. S. Ha. (2015). The moderating effect of adolescent character strengths on the relationship between temperament and maladjustment. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 22(6), 1-32. UCI : G704-000387.2015.22.6.006
17 S. M. Cheon. (2014). Character strengths for adolescents and life satisfaction: Mediating roles of self-esteem. The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Psychology, 21(2), 251-271. UCI : G704-SER000009521.2014.21.2.002
18 D. D. Hahn & I. J. Gil. (2016). A survey study on the characteristics of friend relations and their development across upper grades in an elementary school. The Journal of Elementary Education, 29(4), 257-280. UCI : G704-000649.2016.29.4.003
19 C. Wenar & P. Kerig. (2006). Developmental psychopathology: From infancy through adolescence. (5nd Ed.)Boston: McGraw-Hill. DOI:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy113
20 N. Park, C. Peterson & M. E. P. Seligman. (2004). Strengths of character and well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(5), 603-619. DOI: 10.1521/jscp.23.5.603.50748   DOI
21 P. J. Curran, S. G. West & J. F. Finch. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1(1), 16-29. DOI : 10.1037/1082-989X.1.1.16   DOI
22 S. K. Kang & W. H. Baek. (2006). A structural analysis of the variables related to adolescents' resilience. Journal of Adolescent Welfare, 8(2), 49-68. UCI : G704-002137.2006.8.2.002
23 K. S. Jung. (2011). Analyzing relationship between adolescents' resiliency and well-being. Journal of School Social Work, 20, 103-121. UCI : G704-SER000009000.2011.20..007
24 J. P. Woo. (2012). Structural equation modeling: Concept and understanding. Seoul: Hanaree.
25 S. H. Hong. (2000). The criteria for selecting appropriate fit indices in structural equation modeling and their rationales. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 161-177.
26 M. E. Sobel. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp. 290-312). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. DOI: 10.2307/270723
27 B. Soenens, B. Duriez, M. Vansteenkiste & L. Goossens. (2007). The intergenerational transmission of empathy-related responding in adolescence: The role of maternal support. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33(3), 299-311. DOI: 10.1177/0146167206296300   DOI
28 J. Decety & P. L. Jackson. (2004). The functional architecture of human empathy. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 3(2), 71-100. DOI : 10.1177/1534582304267187   DOI
29 B. M. P. Cuff, S. J. Brown, L. Taylor & D. J. Howat. (2016). Empathy: A review of the concept. Emotion Review, 8(2), 144-153. DOI : 10.1177/1754073914558466   DOI
30 S. Y. Hwang & M. S. Yoon. (2018). Structural relationship among empathy, prosocial behavior, and school happiness. The Korea Educational Review, 24(1), 173-197. DOI : 10.29318/KER.24.1.7   DOI
31 M. de Wied, S. J. Branje & W. H. Meeus. (2007). Empathy and conflict resolution in friendship relations among adolescents. Aggressive Behavior, 33(1), 48-55. DOI: 10.1002/ab.20166   DOI
32 Y. M. Yang, H. S. Shin & S. J. Lee. (2017). The effect of emphatic ability and family strengths on happiness in adolescents. Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association, 29(4), 49-64. DOI : 10.19031/jkheea.2017.12.29.4.47   DOI
33 Y. S. Kang & K. Park. (2014). The mediating effect of emotional expressiveness on empathy in middle school student and the quality of their peer relationships. Studies on Korean Youth, 25(2), 5-45. DOI : 10.14816/sky.2014.25.2.4
34 K, G. Joreskog, & D. Sorbom. (1989). LISREL 7: A guide to the program and applications (2nd Ed.). Chicago: SPSS.
35 K. H. Lee, C. H. Seong & M. J. Kim. (2014). Moderated mediation effect of self-esteem on parental behavior and school adaptation flexibility of the children in the community child centers according to the sex differences. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 21(11), 1-28. UCI : G704-000387.2014.21.11.006
36 M. S. Hong & J. K. Eo. (2013). The effects of narcissism, empathy ability and self esteem on middle school students' aggression according to the sex. Korea Journal of Counseling, 14(6), 3911-3928. DOI : 10.15703/kjc.14.6.201312.3911   DOI
37 H. W. Nam & K. S. Kim. (2015). The effects of the character strengths enhancement program using mindfulness on children's resilience. The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling, 23(2), 105-134. DOI : 10.35151/kyci.2015.23.2.006   DOI
38 A. R. Yim. (2011). The relationship between resilience and character strength in adolescents. Master's Thesis, Chungbuk National University.
39 M. E. P. Seligman. (2004). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. New York: Free Press.
40 J. J. Hoogland, & A. Boomsma. (1998). Robustness studies in covariance structure modeling: An overview and a meta-analysis. Sociological Methods & Research, 26(3), 329-367. DOI : 10.1177/0049124198026003003   DOI
41 I. J. Kim. (2006). Positive psychology. Anyang: Mulpule.
42 H. S. Park. (1998). The developmental mechanism of school resilience of korean adolescents in poverty. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 5(3), 147-165.
43 Y. H. Chang, K. J. Kim & J. S. Lee. (2015). The relationship between college student's character strengths(humanity), self-control, and altruistic behavior in the times of convergence: The mediating effect of moral elevation. Journal of Digital Convergence, 13(9), 445-452. DOI : 10.14400/JDC.2015.13.9.445   DOI
44 E. Toner, N. Haslam, J. Robinson & P. Williams. (2012). Character strengths and wellbeing in adolescence: Structure and correlates of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Children. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(5), 637-642. DOI : 10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.014   DOI
45 C. Peterson, & M. E. P. Seligman. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. New York: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.4.820-a
46 M. S. Kim, S. H. Park, & J. Y. Kim. (2013). The relationship between character strengths and orientations to happiness in adolescents. The Journal of the Korean Association of Psychotherapy, 5(1), 53-71.
47 M. H. Davis. (1980). Individual differences in empathy: A multidimensional approach. Dissertation Abstracts International, 40(7-B), 3480.
48 L. P. Hernandez. (1993). The role of protective factors in the school resilient Mexican American high school students. Doctoral Dissertation, Stanford University.
49 H. R. Lee & H. I. Jo. (2005). A study for development of the resilience scale of Korean adolescents. Studies on Korean Youth, 16(2), 161-206. UCI : G704-001385.2005.16.2.009
50 S. H. Park. (1994). Empathy, empathic understanding. Seoul: Wonmisa.
51 H. T. Kim. (1989). A study of the development and the measurement of ego-identity in Korean youth. Doctoral Dissertation, Chungnam National University.