• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.31-47
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• 2008

An arbitrator's duty shall be independence and impartiality such as a judge who has procedurally absolute position. Independence is the freedom from others, impartiality is the status of having no-partial condition. Although these show relevance between independence and impartiality, in actuality, it is not easy to prove them. Therefore, arbitrator has to prove his or her position by opening the public of reality and by having an obligation of notification. Each country which applies Arbitration rules or Arbitration act stays the same as Korean Commercial Arbitration Board does. Hence, each country has the moral principles in order to establish a standard of judgement for essential factors and requests preferentially the impartiality and the publicity. In reality, court of justice in England excludes arbitrator who has the close relation to a person concerned. Justice in France cancelled an authorization of arbitrator because of having the economic interest to the person concerned. And also, In United States, Federal Court reverses an arbitration judgment without giving any partiality to a person concerned because of not opening a public about the relationship between arbitrator and a person concerned. Therefore, decision basis of the independence and the impartiality is standardized by the economic interest of a person concerned, professional relation, society connection, relationship between arbitrator and arbitration representative in the same case while in process of arbitration, arbitrator's nationality If arbitrator does not keep the independence and the impartiality by a position of judge, he or she has to make responsible. this duty is divided by two things: civil case and crime case. and if arbitrator does break this responsibility, he or she will get the cancellation of judge and compensation of damage. However, Korea is placed in the real circumstance without judge precedent and moral principles including the independence and impartiality. In order to getting the good reputation of international arbitration institution, this country will have to enact principles of the independence and impartiality for arbitrator.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2019

조세 심판에 대한 선결정례는 법원 판례의 경우 유사 심판례를 검색하여 파악하는 것이 매우 중요한 상황이다. 그러나 기존 심판문에 대한 검색은 사용자가 입력하는 키워드를 통하여 검색하는 방법을 사용하고 있으나, 정확한 키워드의 입력이 필요하며, 키워드를 모르는 경우 필요한 문서를 검색하는 것은 불가능하다. 또한 검색된 문서 중에는 내용이 다른 경우도 발생한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 정확한 심판례의 검색을 위하여 문서를 3차원 공간에 벡터화하고, 코사인 유사도를 계산하여, 거리상 가까운 문서를 검색하는 방법의 효율성을 향상시키기 위하여 심판례에서 사용되고 있는 단어들의 유사도를 분석한 후, 최빈값을 추출하여 본문의 텍스트에 삽입하는 방법으로 검색하고자 하는 문서의 코사인 유사도를 향상시키는 방안을 제안한다. 제안 모델을 통하여 조세와 관련된 심판례를 검색하고자 하는 사용자에게 신속하고, 정확한 검색을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 방전 플라즈마 유기절연재료 초전도 자성체연구회
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• pp.57-60
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• 2004

Electrical arc is the final stage of insulation breakdown and has high current density which cause heat and light in insulator. Insulator under electrical arc lost its insulating strength and eternal damages. Conventional criterion of electrical arc resistance in Standards have depended on the change of sound pressure and light color after damages on insulator by electrical arc. The recognition of these changes is done by human himself which was very subjective and resulted in some error to judge whether insulator has damages or not. This paper has shown that antenna method is the appropriate measure to judge electrical arc resistance for insulator. Antenna measures the electromagnetic waves radiated from tungsten electrodes with 6mm gap regulated by KSC2130. Applied voltage cross two tungsten electrodes have two different methods such as 1/8 10 and continuous 10mA. Signal amplitudes obtained by antenna has diminished after the damage of insulator, which will provide objective and good way to judge the electrical arc resistance.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.176-185
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 현재까지 국내에서 진행된 '저작권침해 소송', '손해배상청구 소송' 중에서 음악저작물에 관한 판례들을 통해 법적인 측면에서 판단의 근거를 기반으로 표절여부 판단에 대한 명확한 기준을 정립하여 소송 이전에 논란이 되는 두 곡의 유사성 여부를 판단할 수 있게 하는데 목적이 있다. 연구는 문헌연구와 판례(음악저작물의 요소에 의한 표절 판결 1건, 현재 항소심 진행중인 사건 1건)를 통해 이루어졌다. 연구결과 '음악저작물 표절 판단 기준'은 크게 (1) 창작성, (2) 의거성, (3) 실질적 유사성으로 나타났다. 창작성과 실질적 유사성의 판단방법은 거의 동일하다. 음악저작물의 구성요소인 가락, 화성, 리듬으로 비교분석을 하는 것이다. 하지만 창작성의 경우 원작자의 곡과 또 다른 비교대상물을 분석하고, 실질적 유사성은 사건에 해당하는 두 곡을 분석하는데 차이가 있다. 현재 창작성의 판단기준은 유사성이 인정된 비교대상물의 수를 설정하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 의거성은 객관적인 기준을 수립하는데 한계가 있다. 마지막으로 실질적 유사성은 과거 공연윤리위원회의 사전심의제도를 기반으로 수치화된 기준을 수립해야 한다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.59-70
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• 1995

The solution-state of a reclaimed waste would be known to the method in using an analysis for seepage. But it is not the best method in the huge landfill reclaimed all kinds of the waste at random. Especially in case of the landfill called the Nan Gi-do located along the Han-river, it is difficult to judge the generative seepage to be flowed in to the Han-river. So to plan the effective stabilization on a landfill, it is very useful survey method using the Landsat TM image. Operating a heat-distribution analysis with the Landsat TM image, in case of a landfill not having definite data, we would assume the reclaimed sections of the waste to judge a solution-speed late comparatively such as a industry waste or a harmful waste through the heat change.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.841-848
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• 2010

Conventional filters using email header and body information equally judge whether an incoming email is spam or not. However this is unrealistic in everyday life because each person has different criteria to judge what is spam or not. To resolve this problem, we consider user preference information as well as email category information derived from the email content. In this paper, we have developed a personalized anti-spam system using ontologies constructed from rules derived in a data mining process. The reason why traditional content-based filters are not applicable to the proposed experimental situation is described. In also, several experiments constructing classifiers to decide email category and comparing classification rule learners are performed. Especially, an ID3 decision tree algorithm improved the overall accuracy around 17% compared to a conventional SVM text miner on the decision of email category. Some discussions about the axioms generated from the experimental dataset are given too.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.128-134
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• 1985

Circumscribed solitary pulmonary nodule is often founded on the plain chest P-A. Even if many study results of coin lesion have been reported by some scholars, it is still very difficult to judge whether the coin lesion is to be benign or malignant. In order to avoid unnecessary surgical treatment, it must be made an examination and analysis very carefully in advance. In the chest P-A, we can grasp the aspects of the site and size of lesion, marginal state of lesion, calcification, cavity, and the growth rate in comparison to follow-up chest P-A. On the basis of above-mentioned analysis, we have to judge whether it is benign or malignant, and decide the next examinations. And then the doctor make diagnosis definitely by the clinical history, plain chest P-A, tomography, bronchography, CT, variable laboratory findings.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.125-169
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• 2014

In France, arbitration, both domestic and international, has recently been subjected to a major reform. This article discusses the content of the 2011 reform and its aftermath, while putting into perspective the current arbitration act in South Korea, an arbitration-friendly jurisdiction that contemplates reforming its own law. The two legal systems are characterized by their concern for efficiency and rationalization of the arbitration proceedings, through the codification of essential principles previously established by case law and through the promotion of the independence of this ADR vis-$\grave{a}$-vis state courts. The efficiency consideration is strengthened at every stage of the proceedings: from the arbitration agreement often considered valid and rarely challenged, through the proceedings for annulment, recognition and enforcement of the award, up to the judicial assistance of the French supporting judge towards the actual arbitral proceedings. Finally, new concerns are emerging: the increase of transparency and the arbitrability of disputes in some uncertain fields of law.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate early childhood teachers' self-image by metaphoric pictures of occupation. The sample consisted of 311 early childhood teachers in kindergarten or day-care center. Teachers were asked them to match their image of themselves as early childhood teachers with metaphoric pictures of occupation. The major results were as follows. First, kindergarten teachers chose conductor, entertainer, nurse, sculptor, shopkeeper, animal trainer, judge by turns and day-care center teachers chose nurse, sculptor, conductor, entertainer, shopkeeper, judge, animal trainer by turns. Second, the reason for selecting the metaphoric pictures of occupation as their self-image was analyzed into 16 categories.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2018년도 제58차 하계학술대회논문집 26권2호
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• pp.417-418
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• 2018

오늘날 SW 중심사회에서 컴퓨팅 사고력은 꼭 필요한 핵심역량으로 중요성이 강조되고 있으며, 이에 따라 2015 개정 교육과정에서는 소프트웨어(SW) 교육, 정보 교육을 강화하였다. 온라인 채점 시스템은 학생들이 문제해결 소스코드를 제출하면 이를 평가하고, 적절한 피드백을 제공하므로 자기주도적인 문제해결학습 경험과 프로그래밍 스킬을 향상시키는데 도움을 줄 수 있어 사용이 확대되고 있다. 그러나 채점시스템에 탑재된 문제들은 반구조화된 형태로 되어 있어 학생들이 컴퓨팅 사고단계 중 1단계인 문제공식화(추상화) 단계를 충분히 연습하지 못할 가능성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 보완한 문제해결학습 학습모형을 제안하고, 논의한다.