• 노동경제논집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.1-31
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• 2007

본 연구는, 비정규 근로에 대한 차별처우의 문제를 실증적으로 분석하여, 고용형태에 따른 임금격차에 대한 객관적 사실들을 제시함으로써, 비정규 근로에 대한 논의를 보다 생산적이게 하는 데에 기여하고자 한다. 비정규 근로의 임금수준은 2005년에 정규 근로의 63%에 불과하여 37%의 임금격차가 존재한다. 그러나 이는 근로시간, 인적자본의 양, 직무의 성격, 그리고 개인의 능력 등을 전혀 고려하지 않은 것이다. 근로시간만 추가로 감안하더라도 임금격차는 29%로 감소한다. 근로자들의 인적특성, 인적자본, 사업체 규모, 노동조합 등 분석에 전통적으로 사용되는 변수들 대부분을 통제하면 임금격차는 2.7%로 급감한다. 직무까지 추가로 통제할 경우, 임금격차는 다시 2.2%로 줄어든다. 이 가운데 생산성에 의한 임금격차가, Oaxaca 방법으로 분해하면, 91%를 차지한다. 이는 차별처우의 최대치가 정규 근로 시간당 임금의 0.2%에 불과함을 의미한다. 나아가 개개인의 능력을 비롯한 미관측 이질성까지도 추가로 통제하기 위해 패널자료를 구축하고 고정효과 모형을 사용하여 추정 할 경우, 비정규 근로의 시간당 임금은 정규 근로의 경우와 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않거나 오히려 다소 높게 나타난다. 이러한 결과는 경제이론으로 쉽게 설명된다. 다른 상황이 동일하다면 근로자들은 고용이 보다 불안한 비정규 근로로 노동을 공급할 경우 이에 대한 보상으로 보다 높은 임금을 받으려 할 것이다. 기업들은 추가로 고용유연성을 확보할 경우 보다 높은 임금을 지급할 용의가 있다. 따라서 비정규 근로가 정규 근로에 비해 보다 불안한 고용과 보다 높은 임금을 가지는 균형이 성립될 수 있다. 이상의 결과는 비정규 근로 문제를 차별처우의 차원에서 접근하는 시각에 매우 회의적이며, 비정규 근로에 대한 논의의 방향을 수정할 것을 함축하고 있다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.73-88
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• 1998

The management of nursing resource is very important. that is because nursing staff accounts for 30-40% of total staff in a hospital and nurses provide patoents with attentive service for hours daily. The continuous turnover of nursing staff. however, impedes the quality-oriented nursing care, which will consequently leads to the loss of human and material resource in competitive society. This study aimed to calculate nurse's activity and compare the activity amount based on career experience. Futhermore it aimed to find factors which would influence 'quality weighed direct nursing activity amount'. Questionnaires and check lists for this study were distributed to nurses in a suburban hospital outside of Seoul from October 20 to November 14. 1997. The nursing activities were calculated according to professionality. independency and working hour. And then it were accumulated by quality score. The collected data was analyzed by statistical methods as t-test, ANOVA, correlation, multiple regression. The results of this study were as follows ; Firstly, carrel' experience had no influence on the quality weighed nursing activity amount. But the quality level of service of skilled nurses was higher than that of new nurses. Secondly, career was a variable affecting the quality in nursing service. So career was positively related to the quality of nursing care. Patient's disease severity and number of patient were positively correlated with weighed nursing activity amount. But job satisfaction was negatively correlated v:ith the amount. Thirdly, the independent variables which had significant influence on the weighed nursing activity amount were disease severity and the number of patients, The severity score and number of patient were directly proportional to the weighed nursing activity amount. This results indicated· that weighed nursing activity amount was influenced by the number of patient and patient's disease severity. The quality score of nursing services for experienced members is higher than that of new staff. But both new and skilled staff showed no difference in the quality weighed nursing activity amount. Internal and. external environment influences nursing activities. The quality of nursing services is very important factor in nursing activity. Therefore nursing managers should make an effort to improve nursing care quality through continuous research. Also they should try to maintain experience nurses and assign nursing staff appropriately with patient's severity and other relevant factors being considered. The quality-improved nursing care in the hospital will strengthen hospital's competitiveness.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.94-109
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• 1998

The objective of this study is to measure self-image of adolescence, analyze empirically clothing-purchasing-behavior of adolescence and clarify correlation of two variables, self-image and clothing-purchasing-behavior. For this purpose, the techniques involve theoretical studies and researches based on historical obtained from previous related studies and surveys, 431 high school female students who reside in Seoul are asked to answer selected survey questions to examine three aspects, clothing-purchasing-behavior, self-image and demographics. The evaluation of surveyed information is analyzed by statistical techniques to improve the accuracy of data. Statistical methods used are as follows; Descriptive(frequency, mean, percentage), Factor Analysis(varimax rotation), Crosstabs(Chi-square), T-test, One-Way ANOVA< Correlation Analysis, Reliability Analysis and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The mjor results of this study were as follows: Firstly, there is a discrepancy between real self-image and ideal self-image. Furthermore more significant differences is seen from physical aspects than psychological aspects. Consequently, research proves that the difference derived from their ideal situation and real situation leads to psychological unstableness. In addition, making their real self-image is dependent upon several elements such things as family economic level, pocket money, expenditure on clothing. Therefore, it is critical to combine all factors in order to decide how much to spend for children's clothing and pocket money in parents point of view. Secondly, research shows that shows hat there is correlated relationship between average expenditure on clothing and presence of mother's job. Average expenditure on clothing is, generally, influenced by vogue which is tend to be changed seasonally. It, also, shows that there is positive linear regression between expenditure on clothe and sensitivity for vogue. That is to say, dependent variable, expenditure on clothing, is varied as independent variable, sensitivity for vogue, changes. Female high school students are likely to give much value on brand. Moreover people who are spending more money on clothes have higher tendencies in prompt purchases than who are not. Thirdly, the analysis of clothing-purchasing-behavior and self-image shows that the difference between real self-image and ideal self-image draws the main reason of dissatisfaction after purchase of clothes. As a consequence, their unfilled needs lead them to keep making another purchase to satisfy themselves. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that parents' advices and directions on their children's money spending on clothes are imperative to establish well-behaved purchasing patterns.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.17-37
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• 1987

The purpose of this study is to establish more rational and practical planning theory for amusement park. It analyze and consider the fluctuation of people who come and use the Tong-Ch'on amusement park. The results drawn from this reserch work are as follows; 1. The main visitors of the Tong-Ch'on amusement park are students in their twenties and thirties, and people whose incomes are below 300,000 Won a month. The purpose of visit is for a rest rather than for amusement and user prefer summer, while the user is so rare in wintertime. Those phenomena observed are somewhat different from the real purpose of a amusement park which is on purpose to make profits by offering entertainments to the users. So planner should pay attention to the three points. They are varieties, seasonable diversification and fantastic character of facilties, in the amusement park. 2. The access time of the Tong-Ch'on amusement park was 41 minutes, the use frequency was 4 times a year and resident time was 164 minutes. The relationship of the three factors are as follows; log Y(F) =1.7832-0.0277(A.T) R$^2$=0.75 Y(R. F)=31.8885+3.3217(A.T) R$^2$=0.53 Y(R. T)=224.8959-87.8309 1og(F) R$^2$=0.38 F;Use frequency(time/year) A.T;Access Time(minute) R.T;Resident Time(minute) 3. In the choice of space, there were much differences according to tole user's age, job, degree of education, companion type and purpose of use. 4. There are considerable correlation between use fluctuation and some factors. The factors are season(summer, winter) as a time, temperature, cloud amount, duration of sunshine, weather(rainy-day) as a climate and a day of the week(weekday, holiday) as a social system. The important variables are temperature, cloud amount, duration of sunshine and a day of the week(weekday, holiday) to estimate the user of amusementpark. 5. 1 can reduce the following two types of regression models. 1) log$\sub$e/ Y1 = 6.9114 + 0.l135 TEM + 0.00002 SUN -0.4068W1 + 0.4316 W3 (R$^2$= 0.94) 2) log$\sub$e/ Y2 = 7.2069 + 0.l177 TEM - 0.0990 CLO + 0.4880 W3 (R$^2$=0.95) Y; Number of User TEM; Temperature CLO; Amount of cloud SUN; Duration of Sunshine W1; Weekday W3; Holiday Those model is in order to estimate the user for management of Tong-Ch'on amusement park and use on the computation of facility sloe for reconstruction. Besides the amusement park, city park and outdoor recreation area could estimate of user through this method. But, I am not sure about the regression models because I did not apply the regression models to the other amusement park, city Park or outdoor recreation area. Therefore, I think that this problem needs to be studied on in the future.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the self-expression level of dental hygiene students related to communicative competence and their stress during clinical practice and what affected their stress. The subjects in this study were 125 dental hygiene students in W college, on whom a survey was conducted from September 18 through 30, 2006. After the collected data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 10.0 program, the following findings were acquired: 1. When a factor analysis was made to evaluate the self-expression of the students, there appeared three different categories of self-expression: voice/content, facial expression/attitude and sentiment. The three made a 58.1% prediction of their self-expression. As for overall reliability, they turned out highly reliable(Cronbach'a = .881). 2. The dental hygiene students got a mean of 3.58 out of possible five points in self-expression, which indicated that they expressed themselves relatively well. Concerning connections between their general characteristics and self-expression level, those who were inactive during clinical practice got a mean of 3.28, whereas the others who were active got a mean of 3.85. It implied that those who took a more active attitude to clinical practice expressed themselves better(p < .01). The person with whom they found it hard to get along made a statistically significant difference to their self-expression(p < .05). The students who didn't fare well with dental hygienists got the best score(3.70). The second best group(3.53) didn't get along with dentists, followed by assistant nurses(3.46) and patients/caregivers(3.31). As for the impact of the field of dream job, the students who hoped to work or study overseas(4.21) excelled in self-expression those who wanted to be hired in a general hospital, to go onto a school of higher grade and to work in a public dental clinic(p < .05). Among the general characteristics, satisfaction level with major, health status and motivation of choosing dental hygiene made no statistically significant differences to their self-expression. 3. Regarding relations between self-expression level and stress about clinical practice, those who didn't express themselves properly in terms of sentiment scored higher in stress level(3.65). Their stress was statistically significantly different according to self-expression level (p < .05). 4. As for the influence of self-expression and general characteristics on stress with clinical practice, sentiment was selected from among the self-expression categories as a decisive factor to affect stress. Their stress varied statistically significantly with that(p < .05). In contrast, their demographic variables made no statistically significant difference to that, which made a 79.2% prediction of it.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to make dental technicians recognize the importance of their professional self-concept, and to provide basic data to devise the educational programs and policies of establishing their positive professional self-concept. In addition, the investigator tried to present some improvement measures for dental technicians' actual services by examining their job satisfaction. Study findings are as follows: First, the score of study subjects' self-concept is 3.41($\pm$.58) (perfect score=5), middle or high in rank. As for the mean score of professional self-concept by realms, the self-concept of communication is 3.59($\pm$.67), the highest; the self-concept of leadership in the realm of professional service is 3.54($\pm$.75); the self-concept of skills is 3.50($\pm$.75); the self-concept of adaptability is 3.47($\pm$.69); and the recognizant level of satisfactory self-concept is 2.95($\pm$.81), below the normal. Second, as for the difference of professional self-concept according to general characteristics, such variables as age, marital states, and the length of one's service have a significant influence upon the recognition of self-concept. First, the self-concept of those whose age is between 31 and 35 is the highest (3.64$\pm$.49), and it is followed by that of those whose age is 36 and above (3.57$\pm$.77) and then that of those whose age is between 26 and 30 (3.31$\pm$.56)). And that of those whose age is below 25 is the lowest. The obove results show us that the professional self-concept of older study subjects is higher than that of younger ones in general(p<.01). As for marital states, that of married persons(3.54$\pm$.64) is higher than that of unmarried ones(3.35$\pm$.55)(p<.05). As for the length of one's service, that of longtime employees is higher than that of short-period workers(p<.01). In relation to positions, a manager's professional self-concept is the highest(3.89$\pm$.55) and that of an assistant technician is the lowest(3.17$\pm$.58). Study findings show that the professional self-concept of higher ranking technicians is higher than that of lower ones in general (p<.001). Based on the study findings, the investigator suggests followings: First, studies on the professional self-concept that is appropriate to the characteristics of dental technicians must be carried out with a new point of view. Second, a tool must be researched and developed in order for the professional self-concept of dental technicians to be measured. Third, if a new professional self-concept is established and a measuring tool is developed, a study on the relationship between dental technicians' professional self-concept and practice performance can be carried out again.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.73-88
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• 2012

본 연구는 초등학생의 비선호 식품으로 지목되는 채소에 대하여 기호도를 조사하고, 학년별, 성별 기호도 차이, 학생과 학생 어머니의 기호도 일치정도를 분석하였다. 서울특별시와 구미시 소재 초등학교 저학년(2, 3학년) 남녀 재학생 180명과 고학년(5, 6학년) 남녀 재학생 180명, 그들의 어머니 360명을 대상으로 2011년 7월 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 이 가운데 253명의 자료를 통계처리 하였다(SPSS ver 12.0). 조사 대상 50종 채소 가운데 김과 콩나물은 제외한 48종 모두 어머니의 기호도 점수가 학생보다 높았다. 그리고 저학년 학생이 고학년 학생보다, 여학생이 남학생보다 각종 채소류의 기호도 점수가 높았으나 열매채소의 성별 차이를 제외하고 모두 유의한 수준의 차이는 아니었다. 학생과 어머니의 기호도 일치정도는 해조류가 가장 높았고, 뿌리 줄기 채소가 가장 낮았으며, 특히 양파, 파, 미나리, 갓김치는 일치정도가 낮았다. 조사대상 채소류 중 모두가 먹어 본 경험이 있다고 응답한 채소는 어머니 31종, 학생 10종이었으며, 학생의 절반 이상 먹어 본 경험이 없다고 응답한 식품으로 청각, 톳, 우뭇가사리가 있었다. 섭식경험이 적은 채소류(특히 해조류)와 많은 학생들이 싫어하는 향신채소 식품의 경우 학교급식 식단에 의도적으로 포함시킴으로써 편식의 기회를 줄이는 시도에 대한 필요성이 제기된다. 채소류 식품군 기호도에의 영향 변인으로 형제 유무, 어머니의 직업 유무, 아침식사 유형, 외식 음식과 외식 빈도를 분석한 결과 이들 변인에 의한 기호도 차이를 확인할 수 없었다.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2014

Few studies have examined burnout among the faculty of medical schools in the Republic of Korea. The aim of this study was to determine the level of burnout and its associated factors among the faculty members of three medical schools in the Busan-Gyeongnam area, and to summarise the available literature on burnout. We conducted the survey using a validated questionnaire that incorporated the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) as well as questions about demographic characteristics, working experience, health, lifestyle, most time spent and most difficult work, and suicidal ideation and job quitting ideation of the survey participants. MBI-HSS scores were analysed in the three dimensions of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (De), and personal accomplishment (PA). Through the survey, the 186 professors, 49% among the total, provided data which were included in the present analysis. More than thirty per cent (37.1%) of the professors reported at least 1 symptom of burnout. For burnout dimensions, 11.8% of the respondents scored high for EE burnout, 25.3% for De, and 14.5% for PA, with 1.6% scoring high on all three dimensions of burnout. High burnout was found to be strongly associated with several of the variables under study, especially hours worked per week, self-rated health, career (range, 4 to 9 years), and age (range, 50 to 59 years). The EE score was highest for the professors who chose 'patient care' as the most difficult type of work. This study showed that just over one-third of professors have at least 1 symptom of burnout and working more hours per week, short length of work (years), and especially suicidal ideation seem to be associated with the burnout of medical school faculty members in the Busan-Gyeongnam area. In summary, a greater risk of burnout of physicians (including medical professors) seems to be associated with specialties at the front line of care, working more hours per week, work-life imbalance, low self-efficacy, depression, and conflicts with colleagues and patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8783-8788
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• 2014

Background: Although the prevalence of cancer is increasing, it is no longer synonymous with death. The number of cancer survivors is estimated to be increasing due to development in medical treatments and social programs; cancer survivors are increasingly returning to work after long-term unemployment. Thus, we examined the quality of life (QOL) and the factors associated with return of cancer survivors to the workplace. Materials and Methods: This study was performed using the 2008 Community Health Survey administered by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N=548). We used Chi-square tests to compare demographic variables based on self-perceived health status, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare QOL scores among groups. We also performed a mixed-model analysis of the relationship between QOL and factors at the workplaces of cancer survivors. Results: Based on the results of our study, the overall QOL of cancer survivors was associated with 'mutual respect', 'free emotional expression', occupation, and age. Moreover, different trends of QOL according to self-perceived health were identified on additional analysis. In the 'bad' self-perceived health group, QOL was significantly different according to income. The QOL of cancer survivors in the low-income group was lower than in the other groups. Conversely, the 'normal' group had a lower QOL caused by 'no mutual respect' and "no free emotional expression" in the workplace. The QOL in the 'good' group based on self-perceived health was higher in the younger age group. Conclusions: There may be a significant relationship between QOL and workplace factors for cancer survivors, although further study is needed to investigate this relationship in detail. This may facilitate formulation of policy and efforts to prevent and manage the decline in the QOL of cancer survivors returning to work.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제3권8호
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• pp.963-980
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• 2002

소프트웨어 재공학은 기존 시스템의 유지보수 문제에 대한 해결책으로 많은 연구가 이루어 지고 있다. 재공학은 역공학과 순공학을 이용하여 기존 시스템에 대한 이해와 새로운 시스템의 개발을 의미하며 기존 시스템에서의 컴퍼넌트들로부터 필요한 기능을 가져와 재구성 하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 프로시져 언어에 의해 컴파일된 바이너리 코드를 입력으로 받아서 웹 기반 자바 바이트 코드로 변환한다. 즉 바이너리-바이너리 단계에서 수행되는 소프트웨어 시스템을 제안한다. 이를 위해 먼저 Pascal-L 에 의해 작성된 기존의 프로그램 언어를 Jasmin 이라는 어셈블리 코드로 먼저 번역하고 사용자 읽기 가능한 자바 바이트 코드 상태인 Jasmin 어셈블리가 실제 자바 코드로 변환된다. 이 시스템은 결국 기존의 원시코드가 번역기를 통해 실행 가능한 바이너리 코드 형식으로 실행된다. 이 번역과정은 먼저 주어진 바이너리코드에서 언어구조를 식별하는 과정과 변수 객체의 위치를 분석하고 초기화 하는 과정 그리고 주어진 바이너리 코드를 Jasmin 코드로의 매핑하는 단계등으로 구성된다.