• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.33-42
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• 2011

The types of the accidents caused by intra-city buses and the changing tendencies of driving attitudes are analyzed before-and-after semi-public management system of intra-city bus system is implemented. On the basis of analysis, the measures on the decrease of traffic accidents are considered and the results are as follows. First, it showed that the traffic accidents decreased generally as a result of definition of the progresses of traffic accidents of intra-city buses before-and-after the system is implemented and with the passing of time after the system was operated. Second, the factors which influence the decrease of traffic offenses before-and-after semi-public management system of intra-city bus are the decease of violation, safe driving duty and the job security. Also the cause which mostly influence to the decrease of traffic accidents is defined. Finally, the measures of decrease of traffic accidents are arranged and proposed as a result of PROXSCAL method.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.38-55
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• 2005

Consumption has generally become more fragmented, hedonic and individual specific, satisfying not only functional but also emotional needs. In parallel, customer satisfaction is now thought to be both a cognitive and affective response, and the closely related concept of job satisfaction is commonly seen as an emotional reaction. The reasoning within quality management does, however, still lean heavily toward cognitive judgements (i.e. performance ratings), the emotional component clearly being under explored. Further, performance variables have shown not to be significant in predicting satisfaction for certain 'experience products', the effect fully mediated by emotions. As a consequence a cognitive judgement based quality concept has lost its ability to predict satisfaction, which clearly contradicts with the modem quality definition, stressing quality as the ability to satisfy the customer. Emotions have however entered the quality discourse and it has been proposed that having customers that are merely feeling satisfied will not suffice. Instead, there has been a plethora of executive exhortations in the trade press calling on business to 'delight the customer'. Strategies for doing so have however usually been imprecise and unclear, and the different drivers of delight and satisfaction are not well explored. This paper aims to complement the previous cognitive dominance by exploring the multiple emotional responses involved in customer satisfaction. A conclusion being that we currently are measuring something, in terms of satisfied, that is more or less independent of what we aim for, in terms of delight. It is also most likely that - depending on the situation, product, and person - other positive and negative emotions are more important outcomes of purchase and usage than merely satisfaction. It is questioned whether a single, summary response such as satisfaction is feasible or even desirable.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.293-296
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• 2009

Objective : Pain has long been regarded as a subjective symptom. Recently, however, some regard a type of intractable chronic pain as a disease. Furthermore, chronic persistent pain becomes a cause of permanent impairment (PI) In 6th edition, the American Medical Association (AMA) Guides has rated the pain as a PI. In Korea, pain has been already been rated as a PI. Here, we examined the present status and the prospect of disability evaluation for the pain in Korea. Methods : Pain can be rated as a PI by the Workmen's Compensation Insurance Act (WCIA) and Patriots and Veterans Welfare Corporation Act (PVWCA) in Korea. We examined the definition, diagnostic criteria and grades of the pain related disability (PRD) in these two acts. We also examined legal judgments, which were made in 2005 for patients with severe pain. We also compared the acts and the judgments to the criteria of the 6th AMA Guides. Results : The PRD can berated as one of the 4 grades according to the WCIA. The provisions of the law do not limit the pain only for the complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The PRD can berated as one of the 3 grades by the PVWCA. If there were objective signs such as osteoporosis, joint contracture and muscle atrophy corresponding to the CRPS, the grade is rated as 6. When the pain always interferes with one's job except easy work,the grade is rated as high as 5. In Korea, judicial precedents dealt the pain a sa permanent disability in 2005. Conclusion : Although there were no objective criteria for evaluation of the PRD, pain has been already rated as a PI by the laws or judicial precedents, in Korea. Thus, we should regulate the Korean criteria of PRD like the AMA 6th edition. We also should develop the objective tools for evaluation of the PRD near in future.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.1216-1224
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• 1998

In the object oriented methods, most of the objects are independent from the another. However to get their job done from the system's point of view, they must have some kind of connection established among them. This means that the cooperation among the objects through the interaction is just as important as the static side of the objects. Usually, checking for correctness, compatibility and reasoning of the objects is limited due to the fact that the interactions between the objects are expressed in the form of a line or a box. The reuse experts often claim that the design reuse is more important than code reuse, mostly because it can be applied in more contexts and so is more common. The composition of the objects is also considered as a very important definition in the area of framework which is generally known as a technique to support reuse at both the coding and the designing level. Therefore on this thesis, the composition of such objects has been studied to provide a formal means of evaluating the component's compatibility and better possibility for further improvement in the area of framework, by formalizing the component compositions using the LOTOS.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.453-462
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate the education, certification system, and extent of duty of dental hygienist between Korea and five developed countries including United States, Canada, England, Australia, and Japan. Methods : Internet based access to five developed countries was made and the analysis was done for the definition of occupation, main duties, similar occupations, education policy, job descriptions, license certification system, standards of duty, Q & A management, current status of obtaining certification, and scope of work. Results : United States has a two-year associate degree(AS) and a four-year bachelor degree(BS). Canada has two to three years degree and a two-year course is accepted in england and Australia. In the meanwhile, Korea and Japan have two-year and four-year educational courses. The duty of dental hygienists includes the prevention education for dental health and continuing dental health care. Most of the dental hygienists in Korea and Japan play the assistant roles for the dental surgeons. United States has national board examinations including written examinations, practical examinations, and computer assisted examination. Written and practical examinations are also conducted in Korea. England and Australia have the recognized educational organizations for qualification. Conclusions : Problem based and problem solving skills are the most important in dental hygienist education in Korea. The training of highly competent dental hygienists must be done for the improvement of dental hygiene in Korea in the near future.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.446-463
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify the recent attitude of nurses toward euthanasia. and to provide necessary basic information for on-the-job-training and student education. The subject of this study are 521 nurses working in the hospital attached to university in Seoul. to whom I distributed questionnaires which were made on the basis of the instrument of Tordella & Neutens. from 21. July. 2000 to 27. July. 2000. The collected data were statistically examined through SPSS program and were analysed through Frequency. Means. Factor Analysis. T-test. and ANOVA. The study results are as follows: 1. General characteristics of nurses are in age of average 26.9. in education of junior college graduate $83.7\%$. in both parent alive $85.2\%$. in marital status of single $77.5\%$. in religion of christianity $34.8\%$ against non-religion 38.3%. The term of employment is average 52.7 months and are in various post. The experience of family dying $46.3\%$ and of terminal care $56.8\%\;and\;82.5\%$ are information oriented to euthanasia. 2. The attitude toward euthanasia reveals 3.40 score in average. and is significant in relation to religion among general characteristics (p<.000). 3. Passive euthanasia reveals 2.48 score in average with significance in religion(p<.000), and duty post (p<.046). Natural euthanasia is 4.09 score which is in most characteristics positive direction with significance in information oriented group. Indirect euthanasia reveals 2.98 score and are significant in various group of age (p<.004). both parents alive (p<.005), marital status (p<.000). term of employment (p<.022), duty post (p<.005), and family dying(p<.028). Family commitment is 3.51 score with significance in both parents alive (p<.023) and term of employment (p<.020). Clear definition of euthanasia and analysis of its effects need to be studied in order to improve proper courses of nursing patients with terminal illness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1015-1018
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• 2007

VE is one of the most effective and systematic tool available to achieve the required function at minimum cost and manage in many industrial fields. The purpose of the preparation phase VE job plan is to establish a cooperation system referring to groups for the successful implementation of VE, and to achieve a common objective to collect sufficient materials required in the analysis phase. The Quality Model is used to measure the requirement of shareholders(users and owners)in the project. It also offers a guideline on decision making when executing the function definition, function arrangement, function evaluation, and the idea evaluation of VE. However, the current the preparation phase business confirms that the required items of owners and users has not suggested definite goals and directions. This study analyzes the problems of current work in the preparation phase from case study, survey and interviews of experts. It then proposes a new process after understanding the required items of owners, users and experts.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.111-119
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• 2008

VE is one of the most effective and systematic tool available to achieve the required function at minimum cost and manage in many industrial fields. The purpose of the preparation phase VE job plan is to establish a cooperation system referring to groups for the successful implementation of VE, and to achieve a common objective to collect sufficient materials required in the analysis phase. The Quality Model is used to measure the requirement of shareholders(users and owners)in the project. It also offers a guideline on decision making when executing the function definition, function arrangement, function evaluation, and the idea evaluation of VE. However, the current the preparation phase business confirms that the required items of owners and users has not suggested definite goals and directions. This study analyzes the problems of current work in the preparation phase from case study, survey and interviews of experts. It then proposes a new process after understanding the required items of owners, users and experts.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.283-288
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to provide basic data for related studies by comparing and analyzing crimes committed by security guards through criminal statistical analysis, and to contribute to the sound development of the private security industry by strengthening the professional ethics of security guards and reducing guard crimes. The purpose. As a results of a comparative analysis of the number of crimes by security guards and the crime rate are as follows. Although the total number of crimes committed in Korea and the number of crimes committed by security guards decreased every year, the crime rate of security guards was higher than the average crime rate. felonious crimes, violent crimes, customs crimes, and special economic crimes were consistently high. As a countermeasure against the results, first, interest in security guard crimes as perpetrators rather than as victims, second, reinforcement of professional ethics education through new training and job training, third, academic development and systematic It appeared as a specification of the definition and current status of security guards for the study.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.289-299
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate current research trends of Four Pillars of Destiny and verify its values and potential in the counselling scene, as the Four Pillars of Destiny's territory has been expanding to counselling, medical and psychiatric realm nowadays. Methods: The studies were searched from psychotherapy to general consultation, directly or indirectly related to counseling and Four Pillars of Destiny. Twenty-one published research studies were selected for analysis. The studies were categorized into 7 groups, meta-analysis, comparison with other personality tests, user's trend analysis, utilization in job counseling, disease prediction study, utilization in treatment counseling, and use in Korean medicine. Results: The selected studies attempted to expand Four Pillars of Destiny's usage through combination with other fields such as artificial intelligence, Korean medicine, and personality test. Furthermore by analyzing Four Pillars of Destiny itself to extract its key elements in counseling, such as therapeutic counseling factors and occupational counseling factors. Conclusions: At present, there are no standard use of Four Pillars of Destiny in counseling scene, for no large-scale research has been conducted or completed on this subject. This current status quo leads this paper to end up just understanding the counseling factors and possibilities of Four Pillars of Destiny rather than its psychological theory and clinical effect. However, this research trend analysis will be helpful in preparing future studies investigating Four Pillars of Destiny's counseling effect, application in the counseling scene and its psychological theory. Also, further studies, including confirmation of the theory through the operational definition, prospective research, control study, statistical technique are required in order to evaluate Four Pillars of Destiny's psychological theory and its effects to verify its use in clinical scenes.