• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2009

These experiments are close examination of spray characteristics that are continuous liquid jet and modulated liquid jet. The experiments were conducted using water, over a range of crossflow velocities from $42{\sim}l36\;m/s$, with modulation frequencies of $35.7{\sim}166.2\;Hz$. Between continuous crossflow jet and modulated cross-flow jet of penetration, breakup point, spray angle and macro spray shape are experimentally investigated with image analysis. In cross-flow field, main parameter of liquid jet for breakup was cross-flow stream rather than modulation effect. As oscillation of the periodic pressure that could make liquid jet moved up and down, the mixing efficiency was increased. Also, a bulk of liquid jet puff was detected at upper field of liquid surface. So, this phenomenon has a good advantage of mixing spray from concentration of center area to outer area. Because of modulation frequency, SMD inclination of the structured layer was evanescent. Cross-sectional characteristics of SMD at downstream area were non-structured distributions. Then cross-sectional characteristics of SMD size were about same tendency over a range that is effect of spray mixing. The tendency of volume flux value for various modulation frequency was same distribution. And volume flux was decreased when the modulation frequency increase.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2015

The flow field structures of dual jet-in-cross-flow were examined experimentally for in-lined perforated damage holes configuration using particle image velocimetry. Ensemble averaged in-plane velocity and vorticity data in the jet were determined to study the mean jet structure. Jets are formed by pressure differences between upper and lower airfoil surface. The flow structure of vicinity of the thru holes consist of a vortical structure that wrap around the jets like a horseshoe and develop further downstream through a pair of stream-wise vortices. The shape, size and location of the horseshoe vortex were found to be dependent on the angle of attack. In spite of the existence of battle damage holes, the effect on the control force was insignificant when the damage size was not large enough.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2013

The empirical correlations for the prediction of breakup length of liquid jet in uniform cross flow are reviewed and classified in this study. The breakup length of liquid jets in cross flow was normally discussed in terms of the distances from the nozzle exit to the column breakup location in the x and y directions, called as column fracture distance and column fracture height, respectively. The empirical correlations for the prediction of column fracture distance can be classified as constant form, momentum flux ratio form, Weber number form and other parameter form, respectively. In addition, the empirical correlations for the prediction of column fracture height can be grouped as momentum flux ratio form, Weber number form and other parameter form, respectively. It can be summarized that the breakup length of liquid jet in a cross flow is a basically function of the liquid to air momentum flux ratio. However, Weber number, liquid-to-air viscosity ratio and density ratio, Reynolds number or Ohnesorge number were incorporated in the empirical correlations depending on the investigators. It is clear that there exist the remarkable discrepancies of predicted values by the existing correlations even though many correlations have the same functional form. The possible reasons for discrepancies can be summarized as the different experimental conditions including jet operating condition and nozzle geometry, measurement and image processing techniques introduced in the experiment, difficulties in defining the breakup location etc. The evaluation of the existing empirical correlations for the prediction of breakup length of liquid jet in a uniform cross flow is required.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제12권4_1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1992

가로흐름에 같은 수심으로 그리고 직각으로 방류되는 ?흐름의 귀환현상이 차원해석과 수리실험을 통하여 해석된다. 운동량?의 경우 무차원귀환거리 $L/I_m$와 두께 $H/I_m$는 운동량특성길이와 방류구폭의 비 $I_m/W$, 부력?의 경우 무차원귀환거리 $L/I_b$는 부력특성길이와 운동량길특성의 비 $I_b/I_m$, 무차원온도분포 ${\Gamma}_m$은 무차원흐름방향거리 $x/I_b$의 영향을 받으며 이들은 모두 멱법칙으로 예측될 수 있다. 귀환의 발생여부는 속도비 R에 좌우되며 본 연구에서는 R>4.0때 귀환이 발생하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1013-1021
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• 1998

Various vortical structures are investigated by using three kinds of flow visualization methods in branch pipe flows. There are two typical flow patterns when a jet from the branch pipe with various angles is injected to the main pipe cross flow. The velocity range of cross flow of the main pipe is 0.2 m/s ~ 1.2 m/s and the corresponding Reynolds number, R$_{p}$ is of the range 1.5 * 10$^{3}$ ~ 9.02 * 10$^{3}$. The velocity ratio(R), jet velocity/cross flow velocity, is chosen from 1.3 to 4. The subsequent behavior and development of the ring vortices which are created at the jet boundary mainly depend on the velocity ratio. An empirical relation for the shedding frequency of the ring vortices is derived. It is also found that there are two different vortex shedding mechanism in the mixing of two fluid streams.s.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2003

A calibration jet system using separate blower is developed to calibrate a flow sensor effectively. Designed open circuit type mini calibration jet system, which has the dimension of $0.5m(W){\times}1.17m(H)$ is small compared with conventional calibration jet systems. The exit of nozzle has exchangeable contractions with a cross section area of $38.5cm^2$ , and a cross section area of $113.1cm^2$, respectively. The ranges of wind speed at exit of exchangeable nozzles are $7.5{\sim}42\;m/s$ and $1.8{\sim}16.5\;m/s$, respectively. The input power for the high pressure blower is 1.18kW. The turning vanes for corner was rolled flat plate parallel to the flow direction. The flow conditioning screen was located immediately downstream of the wide-angle diffuser. The honeycomb and two flow conditioning screens were located in the stagnation chamber. From the economical point of view and the simplicity of the calibration jet system set up and handling, it can be said that the developed calibration jet system is an effective calibration jet system. This system can also be used to calibrate the flow sensor with high resolution.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1571-1581
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• 1998

A flow visualization study was carried out for the branch pipe mixing flow in which a jet was issued normally to the fully developed pipe flow. An instantaneous laser tomographic method was used for cross flow Reynolds numbers based on the cross flow diameter D ranged $Re_{cf}=5.26{\times}10^3{\sim}1.13{\times}10^4$, diameter ratios d/D = 0.1 ~ 0.2 and velocity ratios R = 0.5 ~ 10. Oil mist with the size of about $10{\mu}m$ diameter was used for the scattering particle. The main purpose of this study was to reveal the physical mechanism and the structure of vortices formation with varying the velocity ratios and diameter ratios in the branch pipe flow. It was found that the physical mechanism and the structures of vortices formation were quite different depending on the velocity ratios. Particularly in the case of R < 1, the typical vortex shows single loop shape and that for the case of R > 1 depicts mushroom-like structure in the cross flow jet.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

횡단류로 펄스 분사되는 액체제트의 분무 특성을 연구하기 위하여 35.7 ~ 166.2Hz 범위의 분사 주파수와 횡단류 속도 42 ~ 136 m/s의 조건에서 실험을 수행하였다. 횡단 유동장에서 액체제트의 주된 분열 인자는 압력 펄스 주파수의 영향보다는 횡단류의 항력에 의존하며, 주기적인 압력 진동에 의해 횡단류로 분사된 액체제트는 상하 진동하는 특성을 나타냈다. 또한 액적의 집합체(liquid jet puff)가 횡단류 방향의 액체 제트 표면에 나타났으며, 이러한 두 가지 특성을 통해 유동장의 혼합을 예상할 수 있었다. 압력 펄스 주파수에 의한 SMD 특성은 연속 분사의 층상 구조와 다른 비층상 구조로 나타났으며, 체적 유속은 압력 펄스 주파수가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.193-203
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• 2006

A high-speed and initial helium jet flow has been analyzed by a developed four-dimensional digital speckle tomography. Multiple high-speed cameras have been used to capture movements of speckles in multiple angles of view simultaneously because a shape of a nozzle for the jet flow is asymmetric and the initial jet flow is fast and unsteady. The speckle movements between no flow and helium jet flow from the asymmetric nozzle controlled by a solenoid valve have been obtained by a cross-correlation tracking method so that those distances can be transferred to deflection angles of laser rays for density gradients. The four-dimensional density fields for the high-speed helium jet flow have been reconstructed from the deflection angles by a developed real-time tomography method.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2011년 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.356-361
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• 2011

The flow characteristics of synthetic jet depending on rectangular and circular jet exit configuration are investigated using numerical computation with cross flow. In rectangular slot, synthetic jet generates the strong vortex, however, supply fewer momentum and effectiveness of flow control is reduced along flow direction. In circular slot, regular vortex is fanned from slot center to end and developed in flow direction. It affects the wider region than rectangular slot. The distribution of wall shear stress is considered in order to indicate the effectiveness of flow control device for flow separation delay. As a result, circular slot is a more suitable candidate for delaying flow separation.