• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2008

Picea jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Carriere is one of the major and widespread components of the cold-temperate and boreal forests in Russian Far East, northeast China, Korea, and Japan. However, it is restricted to a highly fragmented range in South Korea with small populations. Mean expected heterozygosity $(H_e)$ based on 22 loci in 11 isozyme systems was 0.077 for four sampled populations that covered the whole distribution range of P. jezoensis in South Korea. This value is within the range reported for conifers, but it is very low compared to that of other spruce species as well as that of P. jezoensis populations in Russian Far East. Most populations had a slight excess of heterozygotes and the Wright's $F_{IS}$ (-0.019) was comparable to that previously reported for other spruce species. In all of the four populations, the Wilcoxon sign-rank test indicated no greater heterozygosity than that expected for populations at mutation-drift equilibrium, suggesting that the populations have not been bottlenecked recently. Despite a fragmented range and isolated populations, population differentiation was not high $(F_{ST}=0.047)$ and the number of migrants per generation was 5.09. Nei's genetic distances were also small $({\bar{D}}=0.005)$ but strongly related to geographic distances between populations, suggesting an Isolation by Distance. The northernmost isolate, Mt. Gyebang population was genetically distinct from the other three populations. Implications for the conservation of genetic variation of P. jezoensis in South Korea were discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 1986

Isozyme patterns of leucine aminopeptidase, esterase and protein from 16 isolates of Ganoderma lucidum were observed by electrophoresis for characterization of the isolates. Even in the same isolate, the patterns of the isozymes from mycelium and cap were different. The esterase patterns from the mycelium could differentiate the isolates. Of 16 isolates, four isolates showed identical patterns. It was assumed that these had the same genetic background.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 1988

Auxotrophic mutants were obtained by UV-irradiation to mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum. Induction rate of auxotrophs was 5.78%. Interspecific fusion products of protoplasts were obtained by polyethylene glycol induced fusion of protoplasts from auxotrophic mutants of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma applanatum. Fusion products were selected by means of the comparison with the mycelial growth rate and colony morphology. Fusion products were confirmed by mycelial morphology and esterase isozyme pattern. Some segregants were observed and fusion product produced fruit bodies.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.210-213
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• 1988

Several reversion colonies were obtained after induced transfer of the isolated nuclei from P. sapidus into protoplast of P. ostreatus$({Arg}^-)$. These colonies showed three distinct cultural characteristics, type 1 produced spontaneous segregants of both parental types, type 2 showed segregants of non parental types, and type 3 gave rise to homogeneous colonies. Isozyme patterns of esterase, malate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase showed substantial differences between parents and nuclei transferred strains. This observation supported that the isolated nuclei of P. sapidus were transferred into protoplast of P. ostreatus and expressed in recipient cell.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.306-313
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• 1994

In order to estimate the degree of genetic divergence between the two types of finespotted flounder, Pleuronichthys cornutus which is important commercially in Japan, isozyme analysis was carried out by starch gel electrophoresis. Twenty two loci coding for fourteen enzymes were scored in two types of finespotted flounder and three completely divergent loci (Acp, Idh-2 and Mdh-2), with no common alleles, were observed between these two types. Nei's genetic distance between two types was 0.46592. However, the expected average heterozygosity was 0.120 in type A (Hon meitagarei) and 0.095 in type B (Bake meitagarei) These results mean that the existence of two types of finespotted flounder was established in this study which may have had genetic divergence and the divergence time of these two types may have been about $2.3{\times}10^6$ years ago.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 1991

The effects of a herbicide butachlor[2-chloro-2', 6'-diethyl-N-(butoxymethyl) acetanilide] on the growth of the purple non-sulfur bacteria were investigated. The butachlor inhibited the growth of all species tested by 18-51%, except Rhodospirillum rubrum at concentrations of M, which would be field capacity. The photosynthetic growth rate of the species in the presence of butachlor was influenced by the nitrogen source. Cultures supplied with (NH&S04 showed a somewhat higher growth rate than those fixing dinitrogen, but they were more susceptible to butachlor (26-51%). On the contrary, butachlor enhanced the growth rate of Rhodospirillum rubrum in nitrogen gas conditions. When the culture was performed in medium with butachlor as the carbon source, the cells of fixing dinitrogen showed a higher exhaustion of butachlor than those supplemented with (N&)2S04, which exhaustion was examined by a decrease of the major absorbance at 213 nm and 260 nm. The exhaustion of butachlor as the carbon source had relation with the growth of the cells. The alkalization of culture supplemented with nitrogen gas was found in the cells treated with butachlor or untreated. The butachlor affected the carotenoid region but bacteriochlorophyll remained unaffected.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.139-145
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• 1993

The methods of isoelectric focusing of 4 isozymes in polyacrylamide horizontal slab gels and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were applied to characterize the biochemical phenotypes of 19 cultivars of barley. Among 19 barley cultivars screened, 7 esterase, 3 phosphoglucose isomerase, 4 peroxidase and 2 alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme phenotypes were distinguished by isoelectric focusing. When purified DNA of each cultivar was digested with restriction enzyme EcoRV and analyzed its RFLPs with barley DNA markers pMSU 51 or pMSU 71, two distinct RFLP patterns were shown. Based on the four isozymes and two RELP polymorphisms, 19 cultivars of barley were classified into 13 biochemical phenotypes. Phylogenetical relationships among 13 biochemical phenotypes classified were determined using Nei's F-statistics and the phylogenetic dendrogram was constructed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2012

To understand morphological and genetic differentiation between Euphorbia esula and E. maackii we examined 12 morphological characters and 11 isozyme loci from 14 populations of two species. Species of E. esula complex (A = 1.63, P = 44.83, $H_e$ = 0.198) in Korea maintain nearly as high as the genetic diversity reported in East Asian E. jolkinii and E. fauriei while lower than those of E. ebracteolata and E. pekinensis in Korea. Although the ranges of most morphological character variation of the two species overlap, E. esula and E. maackii were well recognized by the combination of the morphological traits, and the result of UPGMA phenogram supports the two distinct species inhibited in Korea. However, isozyme data do not support the recognition of E. esula and E. maackii. The discordance between morphological and allozyme data should be explained by the recent divergence or gene flow via introgressive hybridization between two species.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2006

Degenerate primers corresponding to the sequences of the N-terminal regions of Mn-peroxidase isozymes were used to isolate the genomic fragments encoding the isozymes of Mn-peroxidase, CVMP1, CVMP2, CVMP3 and CVMP5 from the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor KN9522. Three isozymes except one gave the expected PCR products (cmp1, cmp2 and cmp5) of about 900 base pairs, respectively. DNA sequence data obtained from each PCR products were used to analyze the BLAST program search on the National Center for Biotechnology Information. cmp1, cmp2 and cmp5 were similar to MPG-I (GenBank accession number Z30668) and PGV-II (GenBank accession number, Z54279) gene T. versicolor PRL572. PCR products of cmp1 and cmp2 showed 77%, 95% base sequence similarities to MPG-I gene and cmp5 showed about 88% similarity to PGV-II gene from T. versicolor PRL572. From this experiment, we could isolate genomic DNA fragments with degenerate primers designed from the N-terminal amino acid sequences of Mn-peroxidase isozyme family.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 1993

The German cockroach(Blattelia germanica) population~ were successIVely selected with ch\orpyrifos and permethrin during the six generations. The resulting resistant $R_{chtorpenfos}$(Rc) and $R_{permethnn}$(Rp) stra.ins were studied to investigate the esterase activity by spectrophotometer, filter parper test, and electrophoresis. Esterase-$\alpha$ activities by filter paper test showed 2.65 and LBZ times higher in the Rc and Rp strains than the susceptible strain, respectively. ln the spectrophoLometer method, the esterase activit18s to $\alpha$-and $\beta$-naphthyl acetate were increased 2.34 and 5.28 times in the Rc than susceptible strain, and 1.48 and 2.92 times in the Rp Limn susceptible stram, respectlvely. Zymogram patterns of eslerase isozyme by agarose gel electrophoresis showed totally five bands. The Rc and Rp strains showed two additive bands as, Est-2 and Est-3, which were not shown in the susceptible strain. but the Rp strain dId not show Est-5 bands which was COlumon in the Rc and susceptible strams.