• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 1993

Marine organisms were investigated to identify the marine actinomycetes that produced noble bioactive compounds. Microorganism counts range from $2.1{\times}10^3\;to\;1.2{\times}10\;CFU/g$ of marine organisms. Actinomycetes constituted 0.01 to $0.5\%$ of culturable microbial community. We identified the marine actinomycetes that produced novel bioactive compounds. During the course of screening for bioactives from the marine microorganisms, we found that the strain in sponge had antimicrobial activities. From the morphological, cultural and various physiological characteristics, this strain was identified for Actinomycetes No. 101. The optimal compositions of culture medium for Actinomycetes No. 101 were starch 30g/l as carbon source, casamino acid 10g/l as nitrogen source. The optimal pH of medium and fermentation temperature were $6.5{\sim}7.0$ and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Fermentation has been conducted in the marine broth at $30^{\circ}C$ for 72 hour. The yield of fermentation got about 3g as dry weight(per liter of broth). The distribution of antimicrobial activity of Actinomycetes No. 101 was screened by paper disc. The extract of cultured cell and broth inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, but the inhibition action was week against yeast and mold.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.271-276
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• 2012

To develop antiobese food materials from medicinal plants, isolation of antiobese active compounds in $Yukeuigambitang$ of which activity was already proved in the previous study by animal experiments was performed. Antiobese effect of stepwise solvent fractions from 70% ethanol extract of $Yukeuigambitang$ was determined by the differentiation inhibition activity on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. CH2Cl2 fraction had significant antiobese activity, and n-Hexane and EtOAc fractions were the next. Three phenolic compounds from $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction were identified by GC/MS analysis and one compound was finally isolated by HPLC. It was revealed as a new compound presumed to be one of the derivatives produced from the medicinal plants mixture in $Yukeuigambitang$.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.226-230
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• 2009

We evaluated the efficacy of $\beta$-hemolytic Streptococcus(S.) iniae vaccine on cultured olive flounder. Three hundred flounders(weight $50{\pm}5$ g) were obtained from two farm at Wando and Taean in the southern and western coast of Korea at May and June 2007, respectively. Twenty of flounders moved in 0.5 tons aquaria in land-marine tank system of National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service. Seawater was transported from the sea of Inchon in western Korea, and water temperature maintained to $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ during the vaccination and challenge test, respectively. We used the formalin-inactivated $\beta$-hemolytic S. iniae vaccine produced by domestic manufacturers. The vaccine was intraperitoneally administered to fish. The vaccinated and control group were challenged with intraperitoneal injection by virulent S. iniae SI-36 isolates with $5.0{\times}10^8$ CFU/fish at 3 weeks after vaccination. We evaluated the vaccine efficacy by calculating numbers of dead fish, and observing of clinical signs, exterior and gross lesions, and examining bacteria isolation and identification. Thirty-four(25.2%) of 135 control and vaccinated group fish were dead with serious anemia, abdominal extension, and hernia of intestine during 3 weeks post vaccination. We isolated Neoheterobothrium hirame from the buccal cavity and Edwardsiella tarda from kidney of dead and diseased fish. When infected fish with these agents were challenged with S. iniae SI-36 isolates, the cumulative mortality of control and vaccinated group were 86.7, and 46.7%, respectively. However, significant differences(p<0.05) were observed on cumulative mortality between control(20.0%) and vaccinated group(95.0%) at second trials with 40 healthy, and relative percent survival(RPS) was 78.0%. We confirmed that the efficacy of $\beta$-hemolytic S. iniae vaccine on olive flounder were impacted by health condition such as bacterial and parasitic diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.234-241
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• 2014

To identify and isolate anticancer active compounds from Solanum nigrum, S. nigrum was extracted with MeOH and then fractionated with various organic solvents ($CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$). The cytotoxic effects of the MeOH extracts from S. nigrum and its organic solvent-soluble fractions were also tested in HT29 cells. All the MeOH extracts of S. nigrum and its organic-solvent extracts induced cytotoxicity in the HT29 cells. Among the extracts, $H_2O$ was the most effective. The $H_2O$ extract was purified further by repeated silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, Diaion HP- 20, and RP-18 column chromatography. An active anticancer compound, Des-N-26-methylene-dihydrotomatidine, was isolated with a molecular weight of 416 and a molecular formula of $C_{28}H_{48}O_2$. Analysis of the cytotoxic effects of Des-N-26-methylene-dihydrotomatidine on the HT29 cells compared to those of tomatine and tomatidine are similar in its structure, is higher than tomatidine above the 40 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration, but lower than tomatine. This is the first study to describe the anticancer activity of Des-N-26-methylene-dihydrotomatidin, isolated from S. nigrum. Des-N-26- methylene-dihydrotomatidine seems to have potential as a natural bioactive compound.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1196-1201
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• 2016

The ovary parts of Nelumbo nucifera were extracted in 80% methanol (MeOH), and the concentrated extract was then partitioned using n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and H₂O, successively. Using an octadecyl silica gel (ODS) column, silica gel (SiO₂) column chromatography, and a HPLC purification system, five compounds were isolated from the n-hexane fraction obtained from the extract of N. nucifera ovary. The chemical structures of the metabolites were determined using several spectroscopic methods, including NMR and GC/MS and MS of 1-eicosanol (1), cycloartenol (2), trans-squalene (3), pentadecanoic acid (4), and β-sitosterol (5). This study is a first attempt to isolate and identify secondary metabolites from the ovary of N. nucifera. The results indicated that the extract of N. nucifera ovary has biological effects, such as antibacterial and -tumor activity. Therefore, it could decrease the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.445-452
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• 2000

Antimicrobial activity of Jakyak(Paeonia japonica var. pilosa $N_{AKAI}$) was investigated. Methanol extract of dried Jakyak was fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and aqueous fraction. Ethylacetate fraction among these fractions showed the highest inhibitory effect on the microorganisms such as B. subtilis, L. monocytogenes, and V. parahaemolyticus at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/disc. Ethylacetate fraction was further fractionated into 11 fractions by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography(TLC). The results showed that ethylacetate fractions No. 3, 4 and 5 had the highest antimicrobial activity. They were mixed again, re-separated, and 5 fractions were obtained. Among them, the highest inhibitory effect was obtained in No. 3 fraction, which was identified as cetyl alcohol by HPLC and GC-MS.S.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2013

The roots of Brassica rapa ssp. were extracted with 95% aqueous ethanol and the concentrated extracts were partitioned using ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butyl alcohol and $H_2O$, successively. From the EtOAc fraction, five flavonoids were isolated through repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel (ODS) column chromatography (c.c.). Based on NMR, mass spectrometry (MS) and IR spectroscopic data, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined to be licochalcone A (1), 4,4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone (2), liquirtigenin (3), liquiritin (4), and isoliquiritin (5). This is the first report of these compounds isolated from the root of this plant.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.255-260
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• 2007

This study was conducted to isolate and identify bacteria producing xylanase and cellulase from spent mushroom substrates and to determine the optimal medium conditions for their growth. Bacteria showing high xylanase and carboxymethyl cellulase activities and low protease and amylase activities were strain 201-3 and strain 206-3. Strain 201-3 was identified as Enterobacter ludwigii and named Ent. ludwigii KU201-3. 206-3 was identified as Bacillus cereus and named B. cereus KU206-3. The optimal medium condition of Ent. ludwigii KU201-3 was obtained when 1%(w/v) of soybean meal and 3%(w/v) of sucrose were used as nitrogen and carbon source, respectively. That of B. cereus KU206-3 was obtained when 3%(w/v) of soybean meal and 1%(w/v) of molasses were used as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.361-366
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• 1997

To determine the physiological, biochemical characteristics and toxicity of hemolysin produced by a novel sucrose positive Vibrio (Vibrio sp. D5) isolated from estuary of Kum river, it was compared with already known sucrose positive Vibrio. Salinity, pH, temperature and conductivity of place where Vibrio sp. D5 was isolated were $4.7\%_{\circ},\;7.6,\;24^{\circ}C$ and $7800{\mu}MHOS$, respectively. Physiological and biochemical characteristics distingiushed Vibrio sp. D5 from other sucrose positive Vibrio: V. alginoipicus, V. cholerae, V. cincinnatiensis, V. fluvialis, V. furnissii and V. metschnikovii. The range of salinity and pH for growth of Vibrio sp. D5 were $0.5\%\~7.5\%$ and $4.5\~9.5$, respectively. Vibrio sp. D5 exhibited typical yellow colony on TCBS agar plate and curved rod type upon transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Vibrio sp. D5 had lethal toxicity against mouse in case of intraperitoneal injection with its culture and showed hemolysin activity on human blood agar and sheep blood agar. Ubrio sp. D5 also demonstrated vascular permeability activity toward rat. From the above results, Vibrio sp. D5 was ascertained to be a novel pathogenic Vibrio.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2007

An antibacterial substance to the Streptococcus mutans, a causative bacterium for decayed teeth, was isolated from the dried sea mustard, Undaria pinnatifida, and identified by GC and GC/MS. Acetone extract from the sea mustard (10.4 kg), was evaporated and partitioned to 4 fractions such as hexane, chloroform, butanol and water. The most active chloroform fraction were further purified through basic alumina, silicic acid and ODS column, successively, and finally, 3 antibacterial substances were isolated on the HPLC attached ODS column by using 95% MeOH and guided with UV detector (254 nm). Antibacterial substances (total 160mg, yield $1.5\times10^{-3}$%) had the same Rf value (0.42) on the TLC developed hexane diethyl ether acetic acid (80:30:1) and those methyl esters moved to 0.95. They were identified as the same unsaturated fatty acid, $C_{18:4,\;n-3}$ (3,6,9,12-octadecatetraenoic acid, stearidonic acid) compared relative retention times (15.5 min) with authentic fatty acid on the GC chromatogram. It was further confirmed unambiguously on the GC/MS giving molecular ion peak at m/z 290 which coincided with its methyl ester.