• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.187-194
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• 2008

Because the types and severities of most engine faults are various and complex, it is not easy that the conventional model based fault detection approach like the GPA(Gas Path Analysis) method can monitor all engine fault conditions. Therefore this study proposed newly a diagnostic algorithm for isolating and diagnosing effectively the faulted components of the smart UAV propulsion system, which has been developed by KARI(Korea Aerospace Research Institute), using the fuzzy logic and the neural network algorithms. A precise performance model should be needed to perform the model-based diagnostics. The based engine performance model was developed using SIMULINK. For the work and mass flow matching between components of the steady-state simulation, the state-flow library was applied. The proposed steady-state performance model can simulate off-design point performance at various flight conditions and part loads, and in order to evaluate the steady-state performance model their simulation results were compared with manufacturer's performance deck data. According to comparison results, it was confirm that the steady-state model well agreed with the deck data within 3% in all flight envelop. The diagnosis procedure of the proposed diagnostic system has the following steps. Firstly after obtaining database of fault patterns through performance simulation, then secondly the diagnostic system was trained by the FFBP networks. Thirdly after analyzing the trend of the measuring parameters due to fault patterns, then fourthly faulted components were isolated using the fuzzy logic. Finally magnitudes of the detected faults were obtained by the trained neural networks. Because the detected faults have almost same as degradation values of the implanted fault pattern, it was confirmed that the proposed diagnostic system can detect well the engine faults.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.460-465
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• 2021

Background: Metastasis and recurrence of primary cancer are the main causes of cancer mortality. Disseminated tumor cells refer to cancer cells that cause metastasis from primary cancer to other organs. Several recent studies have suggested that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are associated with the clinical stage, cancer recurrence, cancer metastasis, and prognosis. There are several methods of isolating CTCs from whole blood; in particular, using a membrane filtration system is advantageous due to its cost-effectiveness and availability in clinical settings. In this study, an animal model of lung cancer was established in nude mice using the human large cell lung cancer cell line H460. Methods: Six-week-old nude mice were used. The H460 lung cancer cell line was injected subcutaneously into the nude mice. Blood samples were obtained from the orbital area before cell line injection, 2 weeks after injection, and 2 weeks after tumor excision. Blood samples were filtered using a polycarbonate 12-well Transwell membrane (Corning Inc., Corning, NY, USA). An indirect immunofluorescence assay was performed with the epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody. The number of stained cells was counted using fluorescence microscopy. Results: The average size of the tumor masses was 35.83 mm. The stained cells were counted before inoculation, 2 weeks after inoculation, and 2 weeks after tumor excision. Cancer cells generally increased after inoculation and decreased after tumor resection. Conclusion: The CTC detection method using the commercial polycarbonate 12-well Transwell (Corning Inc.) membrane is advantageous in terms of cost-effectiveness and convenience.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.71-78
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of the study was to identify expression profiling of miRNAs associated with cancers after treating allergen-removed Rhus Verniciflua Stokes and allergen-removed Rhus Verniciflua Stokes fumigaed Angelica gigas on leukemia cell lines. Methods : miRNA expression has been analyzed using miRNA array method through denaturation and hybridization after isolating the total RNA from leukemic cell line treated with 100 ㎍/㎖ of aRVS and aRVS-A each. Microarray expressions were interpreted as 'significant' on miRNAs when decreased less than 0.5 fold or increased more than 1.5 fold compared with the control group. Results : Among 158 miRNAs in total, 32 miRNAs were significantly presented in miRNAs expression. miRNA has been activated with a variety of genes for predicted targets, and the overexpressed miRNAs were categorized according to proliferation and metastasis of cancer in this study. The findings were reported that seven miRNAs (let-7b, miR-193a-5p, 296-3p, 26a, 22, 124a, 92b) showed significant expressions on proliferation and growth, seven miRNAs (miR-193a-5p, 26a, 200c, 183, 124a, 198, 210) presented meaningful expressions on invasion and metastasis, two miRNAs (let-7b, miR-210) were highly expressed on angiogenesis, five miRNAs (let-7b, miR-26a, 181d, 181c, 296-5p) related with apoptosis, and six miRNAs (let-7b, miR-200c, 183, 370, 124a, 191) were associated with prognosis of cancer and early diagnostic factors for cancer. Conclusion : The mechanism of miRNA takes a role in diagnosis, treatment, and prognotic factors for cancer as well. This study suggested that further detailed research on overexpression of specific miRNA should be carried out continuously in the future.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2023

Dairy products are extensively used as carriers of probiotic strains that have potential health benefits. Assessment of the viability of probiotic strains during manufacturing is important to ensure that products meet recommended levels. Hence, the method for accurately quantifying lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in probiotic or dairy products is required. The present study aims to examine the performance of de-Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS), plate count agar with bromocresol purple (PCA with BCP), and glucose blood liver (BL) agars recommended in the Korea Food Code guidelines for counting LAB. Analysis of the performance of culture media containing 19 lactic acid bacterial species commonly encountered in probiotic and dairy products showed no statistically significant difference between 18 reference strains and three culture media (p > 0.01). Furthermore, the suitability of three culture media was verified for the quantitative assessment of LAB in 25 probiotic and dairy products. The number of LAB in three culture media was determined to be more than 10⁷ colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml for fermented milk products and 10⁸ CFU/ml for condensed fermented milk and probiotic products, indicating that they all satisfied the Korea Food Code guidelines. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of LAB counted in all three culture media, suggesting that they can be used to isolate or enumerate LAB in commercial products. Finally, three culture media will be useful for isolating and enumerating LAB from fermented foods as well as gut microflora.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.37-43
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• 2018

A developer solves problems with isolating failures if faults are detected when inspecting missiles using the missile assembly test set (MATS) and then resumes the testing. In order to identify faults, it is necessary to analyze the data coming from the equipment, but the information received may not be sufficient, depending on the inspection environment. In this case, the developer repeats the test until the problem is reproduced or checks the performance of each piece of equipment that is related to the fault. When this task is added, schedule management becomes problematic, and development costs rise. To solve this problem, we need to design a MATS in a systematic way to increase fault coverage while satisfying the required reliability. By designing the necessary processes for each procedure, it is possible to reduce the fault identification time when a fault is detected during operations. But it is not possible to guarantee 100% fault coverage, so we provide another method by comparing costs and effects. This paper describes a development method to enhance the reliability of the missile assembly test set; it describes the expected effects when it is adapted, and describes the limitations of this method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.2619-2627
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• 2009

The ground fault is occupying 70% among the total number of faults in ungrounded distribution power system. When the ground fault occurs in ungrounded system, the fault current is so small that it is hard to detect. But fault handling is very important because to continue power supply during fault conditions may cause the fault spreading and the distribution device in trouble. This paper presents the fault line detection method by using GPT signal detecting zero sequence voltage, and the fault section detection method by detecting whether GPT signal is disappeared or not during shifting normally open switch, which is connecting switch between distribution lines with open state in order to restore the outage area under emergency situation, and during isolating each section one by one which belongs to the fault line. This method is efficient because there is no whole power interruption during the fault section detection, and it is possible to perform both the fault section detection and the service restoration for the outage area at the same time, and it can apply to various distribution system configuration. Program for the fault restoration was developed applying proposed method, and it has been validated by applying to the pilot project of distribution automation system in Vietnam which has the ungrounded distribution system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-63
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• 1969

A series of experiment was carried out to study on the production of disease-free seed potatoes at the Alpine Experiment Station from 1960 to 1968, which initiated a study of comparison on degeneration of plain warm region and high altitude products and the effect of latent potato virus X (PVX) and potato leaf roll virus(PLRV) on degeneration. Particular observations were made on some aspect of the nature of potato virus disease and its control such as concentrations of PVX, range of host plants, physical properties such as concentrations of PYX, range of host plants, physical properties and carrying effect of insects, by investigating 9 different areas of the main potato producing regions (Kimhae, Taegu, Choongju, Taejoen, Suwon, Kwangju, Chonju, Cheju and Chinju). Highly purified anti-serum was separated and tested for control of the virus disease and also various method of prevention and control of PLRV were observed, using cultivation of sprouted seed tubers, early harvesting method, and systemic chemicals. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Potato yield in the plain region decreased by 32.8~66.3% in the first year cultivation of seed potatoes from colder region, and the rate of virus infection was 92.9 to 95.4%. 2. Plants of three families including, 20 species were susceptible to the PVX, and among the plants Salvia officinalis of a habits only was the carrier while the symptom of Digitalis purpurea of Screphulariaceae was masked. Necrosis and ring spot was occurred in most pJants of the Solanaceae and ring spot symptom also was observed in Nicotiana tabacum L. var. White Burley and in N. glutinosa. 3. The 8$C_2$ strain of virus had the following physical properties; thermal inactivation point, 68-$72^{\circ}C$ : dilution inactivation point, above 1, 000, 000 dilution: ageing in vitro, 240-360 days: and ageing in dry plant tissue, 30 days. 4. Myzus persicae and Oxya spp. did not transmit the 8$C_2$ strain of potato virus. 5. Virus was purified through the ammonium sulphate isolating method, and higher titer value, 1/2048 was obtained through anti-serum test. 6. Inhibition Chenopodiacae on the virus infection of potato was remarkable, and inhibition of local lesion host also was observed. 7, By earlier planting of sprouted seed tubers, growth period could be prolonged by 10 to 12 days. 8. Earlier harvest decreased much the rate of virus infection of seed potatoes. 9. According to the results of aphid control trial using systemic soil insecticides at Kangnung and Taekwanlyung, PSP 204, Disyston and Thimet was effective to aphid control. In particular, control effect of twice treatments of PSP 204 was great. 10. Treatmental effect of those chemicals lasted about 60-70 days. However, single foliar application of emulsified chemicals was not effective to potato virus control. 11. The effect of PSP 204, Disyston, and Thimet on the control of potato leaf roll virus was great, particularly in the case of two treatments of PSP 204, at Kangnung as well as at Taekwanlyung. Higher negative correlationship between the control effect of potato leaf roll virus and potato yield was observed showing the value r=-0.85 at Kangnung, and r=-0.87 at Taekwanlyung. 12. Differences in the control effects among PSP 204, Disyston, and Thimet was not noticed.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.6
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• pp.51-79
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• 2024

In the 1970s and 1980s, during the nascent phase of ginseng disease research, efforts concentrated on isolating and identifying pathogens. Subsequently, their physiological ecology and pathogenesis characteristics were scrutinized. This led to the establishment of a comprehensive control approach for safeguarding major aerial part diseases like Alternaria blight, anthracnose, and Phytophthora blight, along with underground part diseases such as Rhizoctonia seedling damping-off, Pythium seedling damping-off, and Sclerotinia white rot. In the 1980s, the sunshade was changed from traditional rice straw to polyethylene (PE) net. From 1987 to 1989, focused research aimed at enhancing disease control methods. Notably, the introduction of a four-layer woven P.E. light-shading net minimized rainwater leakage, curbing Alternaria blight occurrence. Since 1990, identification of the bacterial soft stem rot pathogen facilitated the establishment of a flower stem removal method to mitigate outbreaks. Concurrently, efforts were directed towards identifying root rot pathogens causing continuous crop failure, employing soil fumigation and filling methods for sustainable crop land use. In 2000, adapting to rapid climate changes became imperative, prompting modifications and supplements to control methods. New approaches were devised, including a crop protection agent method for Alternaria stem blight triggered by excessive rainfall during sprouting and a control method for gray mold disease. A comprehensive plan to enhance control methods for Rhizoctonia seedling damping-off and Rhizoctonia damping-off was also devised. Over the past 50 years, the initial emphasis was on understanding the causes and control of ginseng diseases, followed by refining established control methods. Drawing on these findings, future ginseng cultivation and disease control methods should be innovatively developed to proactively address evolving factors such as climate fluctuations, diminishing cultivation areas, escalating labor costs, and heightened consumer safety awareness.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.182-192
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• 2006

Background: Atherosclerosis has emerged as the leading cause of death in developed countries. At present, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) are most commonly used for the investigation of Endothelial cells (EC). However, HUVEC are not found in arteries but only in veins. Currently there are many reports on methods used to isolate EC;, most of these methods require special equipment to remove contaminating smooth muscle cells (SMC). Materials and Methods: The method described here may be used to isolate not only ECs but also SMCs;,the approach presented here did not require special equipment. Rat aorta was treated with 2 mg/ml of type II collagenase solution for 45 minutes. The isolated cells from the aorta were incubated in medium G for a week;, only ECs could be separated. After the collagenase treatment, the rest of aorta was cut lengthwise, and left undisturbed to obtain SMCs in the culture dish for 10 days. To verify the purity of the isolated cells, we performed immunofluorescence and evaluated the results with transmission electron microscopy analysis. Results: The immunofluorescence study demonstrated specific expression of CD31 and ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin in the isolated ECs and SMCs, respectively. Cultured ECs and SMCs showed their own fine structure characteristics. Conclusion: These results suggest that this method for isolating ECs and SMCs may be especially useful for the study of atherosclerosis.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.329-334
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• 2015

With 86 isolates of Botrytis cinerea obtained from diseased fruits of tomato, strawberry and cucumber, it was conducted to detect the fungicide resistance of B. cinerea against mepanipyrim through an agar dilution method. FGA medium was used for monitoring the resistance. Among 86 isolates of B. cinerea, resistant isolates were composed by 23.3%, which was different according to regions isolating the pathogen. In accordance with isolation region, the isolation frequency of resistant isolates was as follows; that of Gyeonggi, Gyeongnam/Pusan and chungnam was 28.6%, 33.3% and 12.8%, respectively. The resistant isolates of B. cinerea showed the cross resistance between mepanipyrim and pyrimethanil. Also the pathogenicity of B. cinerea resistant to mepanipyrim was high as like that of sensitive isolates. Because of them, it should be necessary to manage the spraying system of mepanipyrim and the monitoring for the fungicide resistance.