• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.1 s.5
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• pp.37-39
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• 1968

A method for presenting the heart rate of intact animals as a kymographic record is described. A transistorized impulse generator with a dry battery power supply is used to produce pulses. The pulses are integrated and make a pen motor drived. The ability of the instrument to follow a wide range of heart rate change is demonstrated. The instrument is especially usefull to observe an acute and transitory heart rate change. A method for changing the heart beat to sound and a method for counting the heart rate of intact animal and isolated preparations by employing post office counter were also described.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.471-478
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• 1999

Spirochetes were isolated from the midgut of Ixodes persulcatus ticks captured at Chungju, Korea and identified as Borrelia afzelii strains by polymerase chain reaction. To determine the pathogenicity of the B. afzelii strains isolated in Korea, the microbiological and pathological features of Lyme disease were observed in C3H/He mice after intraperitoneal inoculation of the fresh isolate of B. afzelii strain. The results are summarized as follows 1) The Borrelia were detected in the tissues of heart, spleen, kidney, urinary bladder and knee joint within 7 days after inoculation of infection by dark field microscopic examination. The isolation rate from heart, urinary bladder and joint was significantly higher than the rate from spleen, kidney, and blood samples. 2) The Borrelia was detected in heart muscle by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. 3) Antibody to the Borrelia was detected as early as one week after inoculation. 4) The marked tropism of the Borrelia was observed in myocardial, urinary tract and joint tissue. The main pathological features are inflammation in tissues of heart, kidney, joint and urinary bladder. From these results, the Borrelia afzelii strain isolated in Korea were determined as pathogenic strain.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.563-570
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• 1994

Effect of ischemic preconditioning on left ventricular function after cardiac arrest in isolated rat heart.Ischemic preconditioning reduces infarct size caused by sustained ischemia. However, the effects of preconditioning on post ischemic cardiac function are not well-known. The objective of the present study was to determine whether preconditioning would improve the recovery of left ventricular functions after cardiac arrest in isolated rat heart model.Isolated rat hearts were allowed to equilibrate for 20 minutes and were then subjected to either 5 minutes of global, normothermic transient ischemia [Group 2 and 4] or not [Group 3]. A stabilization period of perfusion lasting 5 minutes after the termination of transient ischemia was followed by a standard global, normothermic 20 minute-ischemia and 35-minute reperfusion challenge [Group 3 and 4]. These following results were odtained.1. The recovery of left ventricular developed pressures showed no significant differences between Group 3 and Group 4 at 50 [P>0.3] and 85 minute [P>0.2].2. Heart rates showed no significant differences throughout all the course of experiment and between groups [P>0.5].3. The recovery of left ventricular maximum dP/dt showed no significant differences between Group 3 and Group 4 at 50 [P>0.1] and 85 minute [P>0.2].4. The recovery of pressure-rate products showed no significant differences between Group3 and Group 4 at 50 [P>0.5] and 85 minute [P>0.1].These results suggest that ischemic preconditioning does not provide significant benefit for the postischemic left ventricular functions in isolated rat hearts.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.268-277
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• 2009

Ginsenosides are among the most well-known traditional herbal medicines frequently used for the treatment of cardiovascular symptoms in South Korea. The anti-ischemic effects of compound K (CK), a metabolite of ginsenoside Rb1, on ischemia-induced isolated rat hearts were investigated through the analyses of the changes in the hemodynamics (blood pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output) and the measurement of the infarct region. The subjects in this study were divided into four groups: the normal control, the CK-alone group, the ischemia-induced group without any treatment, and the ischemia-induced group treated with CK. No significant differences in perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output were found between the groups before ischemia was induced. The oxygen and buffer supply was stopped for 30 min to induce ischemia 60 min after reperfusion in the isolated rat hearts, and the CK was administered 5 min before ischemia induction. The CK treatment significantly prevented decreases in perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output under ischemic conditions. In addition, the hemodynamics (except for the heart rate) of the group treated with CK significantly recovered 60 min after reperfusion, unlike in the control group. CK significantly limited the infarct. These results suggest that CK treatment has distinct anti-ischemic effects in an exvivo model of an ischemia-reperfusion-induced rat heart.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-32
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• 2000

It has long been known that SOAT is effective for sudden palpitation occurring unexpectedly in Oriental Medicine. However, effect of SOAT on the isolated heart has not been studied yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of SOAT on hemodynamics and ECG of isolated rat hearts induced by electrical stimulation using Langendorff perfusion apparatus for nonworking heart. SOAT extract was manufactured by water-alcohol precipitated method. Sprague-Dawley rats weighting $120{\sim}150g$ were used for the experiments, Subject animals were divided into four groups, which are consisted of 1) control(Group orally administered by normal saline 1ml for 14days), 2) sample A(Group orally administered by SOAT extract 1ml for 14days), 3) sample C(Group injected by SOAT extract 0.5ml after stimulation, 4) sample C(Group injected by SOAT extract 1ml after stimulation. To evluate the effects of SOAT on hemodynamics and ECG of isolated rat heart induced by stimulation, heart rate, left ventricular pressure, systolic power, diastolic power, coronary artery perfusion volume and ECG were measured using Langendorff apparatus in both stimulation mode(5 volts, 450 beats/min) and arrythmic mode(5 volts, 420 beats/min including 60 beats/min) The results obtained are as follows : 1. After receiving stressful electrical stimuli, isolated heart showed the heart rate, left ventricular pressure, systolic power, diastolic power, coronary artery perfusion volume were all decreased temporarily, but perfusion continued longer recovery to the control state appeared. However, the coronary artery perfusion volume diminished continuously. 2. The heart rates did not change significantly with both stimulation mode and arrhythmic mode, among experimental groups. 3. The left ventricular pressure showed with both stimulation mode and arrhythmic mode, the significant changes(p<0.05) especially in the injection sample group. In case of stimulation mode, low concentration injection group(0.5ml) was more significantly increased rather than high concentration group(1ml) and in case of arrhythmic mode, high density group(1ml) was so increased than the other(0.5ml). 4. For the systolic power and diastolic power, no significant changes were noticed in the stimulation mode, but in the arrhythmic mode of injection sample groups, significant change(p<0.05) was noticed in both systolic power and diastolic power. Specially the high concentration group(1ml) showed more significant increase than the low concentration group. 5. For the coronary artery perfusion volume, no significant change difference among sample groups was observed in both the stimulation mode and the arrhythmic mode. 6. For the ECG recordings, arrhythmia was induced by electrical stimulus of arrythmia mode and after the stimulus was removed, irregular wave appeared temporarily, but as perpusion continued, recovery to the control state was abtained like the stimulation mode. According to the above results, SOAT significantly changed the hemodynamic data from the electrically stressed, isolated hearts of connected Langendorff perfusion apparatus and we propose SOAT has the direct effects on the muscular function of heart.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.173-187
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• 2007

Objectives : In order to verify the cardiovascular hemodynamic function of Kammaegdaejo-tang, the experiment was performed in the rats. Methods : Twelve hearts removed from male Sparague-Dawley rats weighing between 250g and 300g were perfused by the Langendorff technique with modified 37 Krebs-Henseleit's buffer solution at a constant perfusion pressure. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups, supplied with either normal saline or Kammaegdaejotang administration. Heart rate, left ventricular pressure, +dp/dt maximum, -dp/dt maximum, and -dp/dt/ +dp/dt ratio were evaluated at baseline after the administration of either normal saline or Kammaegdaejotang. Results : Kammaegdaejotang made the heart rate increasing significantly (p<0.05). Kammaegdaejotang did not effectively work on left ventricular pressure of the isolated heart(p=0.11, no significance). The significant effects of Kammaegdaejotang were observed on +dp/dt max and -dp/dt max(p<0.05). Kammaegdaejotang did not effectively work on -dp/dt/ +dp/dt ratio(p=0.24, no significance).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 1983

It was reported from our laboratory that the rate of deterioration of the force of contraction was slower in heart from Panax ginseng extract treated rats. Present investigation was designed to elucidate the mechanism of the slow deterioration of contractility of ginseng treated hearts. Therefore, $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ Uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) isolated from ginseng treated rate and control rats was studied. Rate weighing 150-250g were administered orally with ginseng ethanol extract (100mg/kg) for 10 days. Cardiac SR was isolated by differential centrifugation and $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake was assessed by the Millipore method. Freshly isolated SR from treated as well as control animals did not show any differences, but after incubation for 30 and 60 min at 37.deg.C, $^{45}Ca^{2+}$ uptake of control animal SR was found to be greatly depressed. The SR of treated animal possessed a greater degree of resistance to incubation. Thus it can be concluded that ginseng may have an ability to sustain the normal function of the heart by sustaining Ca accumulation by SR involved with the excitationcontraction coupling processes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.817-821
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• 1995

The CarboMedics Medical valve has become our mechanical valvular prosthesis of choice because of favorable hemodynamic results that associated with marked clinical improvement and low incidence of thromboembolism after it,s uses. The data for this study was collected from August 1988 to July 1993,five years period. There were total of 57 patients[female 40,male 17 in this series with 4 isolated aortic valve,26 isolated mitral valve,11 double valve and a triple valve replacement. The mean follow up time was 32 months. Postoperatively,58% of cases were in New York Heart Association[NYHA functional class I,and mild and moderate symptoms[NYHA class II were present in 36% and there were very few patients remaining in higher functional classes. In postoperative echocardiographic study, showed marked improved cardiac function. The overall early mortality was 3.5% and the late mortality was one case after triple valve replacement due to sudden death. The causes of early death were attributed to early prosthetic valve endocarditis and heart failure.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1990

Aebaegeum has been widely used in the treatment of epistaxis, as based on Oriental Medical 1iteratures. In order to investigate experimentally the clinical effects of Aebaegeum, hemostatic time, plasma recalcification time and prothrombin time of hypoprothrombinemia induced by warfarin injection, action on isolated ileum, action on blood vessel, action on blood pressure and respiration and action on heart were observed. The result of the studies were obtained as follows: 1. Hemostatic time of vein ruptured mice was significantly shortened. 2. Plasma recalification time and prothrombin time of hypoprothrombinemic rats induced by warfarin injection were significantly shortened. 3. Spontaneous mobilities in the isolated ileum of mice were significantly suppressed, and contraction by acetylcholine chloride and barium chloride were inhibited. 4. Dilatation of blood vessel and downing of blood pressure of rabbit were noted. 5. Contraction of heart in the original position and isolated heart of frog were significantly shortened. According to the above result, it is expected that Aebaegeum can be widely applicable to the treatment of epistaxis.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.100-105
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• 2016

Syndesmotic injury can either be isolated or associated with bony or ligamentous ankle injury. When it is not associated with an ankle fracture, it may not be easy to diagnose, especially when there is no franck diastasis on a plain radiograph. Without proper treatment, syndesmotic injury can lead to chronic pain due to impingement of scar tissues and instability. It may further lead to ankle arthritis. Early diagnosis with appropriate management is a prerequisite to avoid these problems. Herein, we review and discuss the mechanism of injury, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of isolated syndesmotic injury.