Park, Chan-Woo;Jang, Se-Young;Park, Eun-Ji;Yeo, Soo-Hwan;Kim, Ok-Mi;Jeong, Yong-Jin
Food Science and Preservation
/
v.18
no.6
/
pp.884-890
/
2011
In this study, the quality characteristics of eight kinds of non-sterilized commercial makgeolli were investigated. The alcohol contents of five kinds of makgeolli were determined to be as follows: 5.7~5.8%, G $6.7{\pm}0.1%$, D $6.8{\pm}0.2%$, and C $7.5{\pm}0.1%$. As for the titratable acidity, makgeolli C and D showed higher than 0.5%, H showed $0.49{\pm}0.02%$, and the rest showed 0.45% or less. For the pH levels, there were no significant differences among the samples. The reducing-sugar content was approximately 200 mg%, and those of makgeolli A and F were lower by approximately 90 mg%. As for the organic acids, malic acid was detected only in makgeolli A and G while the acetic-acid content was high in makgeolli C and D. Concerning free sugars, fructose and sucrose were not detected, and the glucose content of makgeolli G was shown to be the highest ($335.1{\pm}40.3$ mg%). The maltose contents were similar ($23.5{\pm}1.0{\sim}45.0{\pm}1.1$ mg%), except for makgeolli G, whose maltose content was $73.5{\pm}1.8$ mg%. For the alcoholic ingredients, 0.4~0.5 mg/mL 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and iso-amylalcohol were detected, a suitable table wine standard. Further studies involving the quality analysis of the leavening agents, fermentation conditions, and fermentation types are needed.
A study on combustion efficiency concept was conducted for the under-ventilated fires in a fullscale ISO 9705 room. In particular, a comparison between global combustion efficiency (CE) measured outside the compartment and local CE measured at upper layer inside the compartment was focused. Heptane, toluene and iso-propanol were used to consider the wide ranges of heat of combustion and soot yield. As a result, the global CE was decreased linearly with increasing in global equivalence ratio (GER). On the other hand, the decreasing rate of local CE was increased gradually with increasing in GER. From these results, it was known that the information on local CE was very useful parameter to understand the fire phenomena inside the compartment. In addition, it was discussed that the local CE might be used as an important parameter in the process of scaling for the compartment fires.
Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
/
2005.11a
/
pp.150-153
/
2005
A gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometric assay method was developed for the determination of Hb-adduct, 2-(hydroxyethyl)valine (HEVal), of ethylene oxide(EO). Globin was separated from hemoglobin by acid iso-propanol and ethyl acetate, then HEVal was isolated as PFPITH-HEVal by Edman degradation. PFPITH-HEVal was silylated with N-methyl-N-(tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide(MTBDMSTFA)-NH4I (1000:4) under catalysis of dithioerythritol. The detection limit of the assay was 5.8 pmol/g based upon assayed hemoglobin of 0.1g. Two groups of mice were exposed to EO for 0.5 and 1.0 hr/day, respectively at 400ppm during 4 weeks. As the result, the adduct levels increased according to the exposure time with the linearity of 0.7011 and 0.8914, respectively, HEVal was very valuable as biomarker for the exposure of EO. In human, HEVal was analyzed until 8.33 pmol/mg.
In this study plastic optical fibers(POFs) were considered as light-transmitting media and substrates for the potential use in photocatalytic environmental purification system. After the characteristics of POFs in terms of light transmittance and absorption were determined at the beginning, the detailed investigation was further performed through the photocatalytic degradation of trichloroethylene(TCE), iso-propanol and etc. with TiO$_2$-coated optical fiber reactor systems(POFR). It is concluded that the use of POfs is preferred to quartz optical fibers(QOFs) since the advantages such as ease of handling, lower cost, relatively reasonable light attenuation at the wavelength of near 400nm can be obtained. Various geometrical reactor shapes have been constructed and applied for the last one and half years. For the use of POF in water phase treatment, however, more detailed scientific and engineering aspects should be envisaged. This case requires a suitable mixture to obtain more stable and innocuous immobilization of photocatalyst on POF.
Jo, Yong-Jun;Jang, Se-Young;Kim, Ok-Mi;Park, Chan-Woo;Jeong, Yong-Jin
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
/
v.39
no.9
/
pp.1359-1365
/
2010
This study investigated effects of types of added sugar on alcohol fermentation of oriental melon. According to the results, pH was not significantly different according to types of added sugar and fermentation process. Total acidity increased with fermentation process in all groups by recording around 1.4% at the ninth day of fermentation. For sugar content, its initial level was $22^{\circ}Brix$, and alcohol fermented oriental melon fluids added by sucrose, fructose and glucose recorded similar levels or $6.6{\sim}6.8^{\circ}Brix$ while the fluids added by honey and fructo-oligosaccharide showed a slightly higher level or $8.1^{\circ}Brix$ at the ninth day of fermentation. Although free sugar content was different in the early phase of fermentation according to types of added sugar such as sucrose, fructose and glucose, it reduced with fermentation process to nearly non-detection at the ninth day of fermentation. As organic acids, lactic acid and acetic acid were observed in all phases of fermentation and their contents became higher gradually with fermentation process. Alcohol content showed the highest level in alcohol fermented oriental melon fluid added by sucrose by recording 12.80% and was relatively low in the fluids added by fructose and oligosaccharide. For alcohol, acetaldehyde, n-propanol and iso- amylalcohol contents were not significantly different according to types of added sugar and methanol content was the lowest in the fluid added by fructose by recording 84.99 ppm.
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
/
v.18
no.4
/
pp.435-443
/
1989
The regulation of the synthesis of alcohol-oxidase(E. C. 1. 1. 3. 13) was investigated in the methanol-utilizing yeasts during growth on different carbon sources. For this experiment, Pichia pastoris CBS 2612 and Pichia pastoris CBM 10 were cultured in mineral salt medium by changing its carbon sources. The production of alcohol-oxidase was varied by the carbon sources. For example, alcohol-oxidase was undetectable in all strains submitted to the test in the medium with glucose, but its production was rapidely increased when the carbon source was changed from glucose to methanol after 48hrs of incubation. Moreover, this enzyme was not synthesized during growth on the primary aliphatic alcohols alone(ethanol, propanol, butanol or pentanol) or on the mixed substrates(0.5% methanol+0.5% primary aliphatic alcohols). When cells were grown on the various carbon sources(glucose, xylose, lactose, glycerol, galactose, saccharose, sorbose, lactic acid or acetic acid), The alcohol-oxidase activity was detected a very little amounts. These carbon sources together with methnol yieled far better synthesis of alcohol-oxidase than in case of carbon sources alone. Especially, the alcohol-oxidase activity of the cells grown on sorbose, lactose or lactic acid together with methanol was far better or similar than that of cells grown on methanol alone. The apparent Km values for the methanol of Pichia pastoris CBS 2612 and Pichia pastoris CBM 10 enzymes were 1.92 and 210 mM, respectively. It is also active towards alcohols of shorter alkyl-chain length than $C_7$, insaturated alcohols(allylalcohol, crotyl-alcohol) and secondary alcohols (iso-amylacohol, iso-butylalcohol). The affinity of alcohol-oxidase for this alcohols decreased with the increasing length of the alkyl-chain.
Kim, Jae-Hyun;Kim, Gang-Phil;Ryu, Hong-Keun;Suh, Hong-Suk;Lee, Jung-Ho
Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
/
2008.06a
/
pp.241-241
/
2008
Macrofore formation in silicon and other semiconductors using electrochemical etching processes has been, in the last years, a subject of great attention of both theory and practice. Its first reason of concern is new areas of macropore silicone applications arising from microelectromechanical systems processing (MEMS), membrane techniques, solar cells, sensors, photonic crystals, and new technologies like a silicon-on-nothing (SON) technology. Its formation mechanism with a rich variety of controllable microstructures and their many potential applications have been studied extensively recently. Porous silicon is formed by anodic etching of crystalline silicon in hydrofluoric acid. During the etching process holes are required to enable the dissolution of the silicon anode. For p-type silicon, holes are the majority charge carriers, therefore porous silicon can be formed under the action of a positive bias on the silicon anode. For n-type silicon, holes to dissolve silicon is supplied by illuminating n-type silicon with above-band-gap light which allows sufficient generation of holes. To make a desired three-dimensional nano- or micro-structures, pre-structuring the masked surface in KOH solution to form a periodic array of etch pits before electrochemical etching. Due to enhanced electric field, the holes are efficiently collected at the pore tips for etching. The depletion of holes in the space charge region prevents silicon dissolution at the sidewalls, enabling anisotropic etching for the trenches. This is correct theoretical explanation for n-type Si etching. However, there are a few experimental repors in p-type silicon, while a number of theoretical models have been worked out to explain experimental dependence observed. To perform ordered macrofore formaion for p-type silicon, various kinds of mask patterns to make initial KOH etch pits were used. In order to understand the roles played by the kinds of etching solution in the formation of pillar arrays, we have undertaken a systematic study of the solvent effects in mixtures of HF, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), iso-propanol, and mixtures of HF with water on the macrofore structure formation on monocrystalline p-type silicon with a resistivity varying between 10 ~ 0.01 $\Omega$ cm. The etching solution including the iso-propanol produced a best three dimensional pillar structures. The experimental results are discussed on the base of Lehmann's comprehensive model based on SCR width.
Fermentation characteristics and quality changes of the typical Korean traditional alcoholic beverages (Kwahaju, Sokokju, Baikhaju, Samhaeju and Hosanchun) were investigated during fermentation and after aging, respectively. They were prepared by their own brewing methods with respect to the same contents of rice and Nuruk (Korean-style bran koji). The consumed total sugar content of the alcoholic beverages (Sokokju, Baikhaju, Samhaeju and Hosanchun) which were brewed with the multiple input steps of seed mash and raw material (ABMIS) was higher than that of the alcoholic beverage (Kwahaju) which was brewed with the single input step (ABSIS). The pH values of all the beverages were similar and were ranged from 3.2 to 3.6. The acidity of ABMIS were lower than that of ABSIS, but alcohol concentration of ABMIS were higher. The fermentation period of the alcoholic beverages with triple input steps was the longest among them. The inner temperature and microbial growth in all the beverages increased at each of input steps of the raw materials. Fusel oil content of ABMIS was lower than that of ABSIS. Major components of the fusel oil were iso-amyl alcohol, iso-butanol, n-propanol, ethyl acetate and acetaldehyde, and its minor components were methanol and n-butanol. The results on quality changes of the alcoholic beverages after aging showed increase of alcohol in ABMIS, but decrease of sugar and acidity. Fusel oil contents of Kwahaju and Samhaeju decreased to be ranged from 3.1% to 13.9% after aging, but those of Sokokju, Baikhaju and Hosanchun increased to be ranged from 10.9% to 23.0%. Sensory evaluation of ABMIS showed better scores than that of ABSIS. It was suggested that the brewing method with multiple input steps of seed mash and raw material was one of the methods to increase fermentation efficiency for brewing the Korean traditional alcoholic beverages.
Changes in components of onion vinegar during two-stage fermentation were investigated. One sample group (A) was prepared with onion juice by extraction and concentration (15 brix), and the other group (B) was prepared using the same method but supplemented with sucrose. Comparison of glucose (4.1%), fructose (4.2%), and sucrose (0.6%) found in A as major sugars with those (3.2, 3.3, and 4.6%, respectively) of B showed a significant difference in sucrose concentration. During alcohol fermentation, S. kluyvery DJ97 consumed these sugars completely. At 36 hr of alcohol fermentation, concentrations of reducing and total sugars decreased to 0.5 and 0.8%, in A, and 0.4 and 0.6%, in B, respectively. No further changes were detected in the concentrations of these sugars thereafter. From 12 hr of fermentation, alcohol concentrations in groups A and B increased markedly, maximizing at 7.0% at 36 hr A and at 8.2% at 48 hr in B, and finally decreased thereafter in both groups. The detected alcohol components were ethanol, acetaldehyde, methanol, n-propyl alcohol, iso-butanol, and iso-amyl acohol. During acetic acid fermentation, the concentration of acetic acid as the major organic also increased significantly in both groups (4,776.72 and 4,894.93 mg% in A amd B, respectively). Other organic acid contents such as malic and succinic acids were higher in A than B. these results indicate that vinegar is better produced in onion extract with no sucrose supplementation based on its organic acid contents.
The indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains S13 and D8 were isolated at the microbial succession stage during spontaneous fermentation of Campbell Early wine as a resistant to potassium metabisulfite and a high sugar concentration. In this study, the fermentation characteristics of Campbell Early wine were investigated and compared with those of S. cerevisiae W-3, an industrial wine yeast. Alcohol production by the two strains was delayed at the initial fermentation stage, but increased fast when the fermentation continued. After the fermentation, the S13 and D8 wines contained 12.6% and 13.2% (v/v) alcohol, respectively, which were significantly higher than the alcohol content of the W-3 wine (12%, v/v). No marked differences were observed in the residual soluble solid content and the pH. However, the S13 and D8 wines showed high levels of total acid content, including malic and lactic acids. Especially, the lactic acid content was 8.9-fold in the S13 wine and six-fold in the D8 wine, compared with that of the W-3 wine. The two strains produced a higher level of acetaldehyde and a lower amount of methanol in the wine than the W-3 strain. The iso-Butanol content was lower in the two indigenous yeast wines with similar levels of n-propanol and iso-amyl alcohol contents than that in the W-3 wine. In the sensory evaluation, the S13 and D8 wines had higher scores for their color, flavor, taste and overall preferences than the W-3 wine. Especially, the S13 and D8 wines had much higher scores than the W-3 wine for flavor and color, respectively.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.