• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2016.05a
• /
• pp.519-519
• /
• 2016

Upper Chenab Canal (UCC) is a non-perennial canal in Punjab Province of Pakistan which provides irrigation water only in summer season. Winter and summer are two distinct cropping season with an average rainfall of about 161 mm and 700 mm respectively. Wheat-rice is common crop rotation being followed in the UCC command area. During winter season, groundwater and rainfall are the main sources of irrigation while canal and ground water is used to fulfil the crop water requirements (CWR) during summer. The objective of current study is to estimate how the irrigation water requirements (IWR) of the two crops are going to change under different conditions of temperature and rainfall. For this purpose, 12 different climatic scenarios were designed by combining the assumptions of three levels of temperature increase under dry, normal and wet conditions of rainfall. Weather records of 13 years (2000-2012) were obtained from PMD (Pakistan Meteorological Department) and CROPWAT model was used to simulate the IWR of the crops under normal and scenarios based climatic conditions. Both crops showed a maximum increase in CWR for temperature rise of $+2^{\circ}C$ i.e. 8.69% and 6% as compared to average. Maximum increment (4.1% and 17.51% respectively) in IWR for both wheat and rice was recorded when temperature rise of $+2^{\circ}C$ is coupled with dry rainfall conditions. March & April during winter and August & September during summer were the months with maximum irrigation requirements. Analysis also showed that no irrigation is needed for rice crop during May and June because of enough rainfall in this area.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.65 no.6
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2023

Irrigation return flow plays an important role in river flow forecasting, basin water supply planning, and determining irrigation water use. Therefore, accurate calculation of irrigation return flow rate is essential for the rational use and management of water resources. In this study, EPA-SWMM (Environmental Protection Agency-Storm Water Management Model) modeling was used to analyze the irrigation return flow and return flow rate of each intake work using irrigation canal network. As a result of the EPA-SWMM, we tried to estimate the quick return flow and delayed return flow using the water supply, paddy field, drainage, infiltration, precipitation, and evapotranspiration. We selected 9 districts, including pumping stations and weirs, to reflect various characteristics of irrigation water, focusing on the four major rivers (Hangang, Geumgang, Nakdonggang, Yeongsangang, and Seomjingang). We analyzed the irrigation period from May 1, 2021 to September 10, 2021. As a result of estimating the irrigation return flow rate, it varied from approximately 44 to 56%. In the case of the Gokseong Guseong area with the highest return flow rate, it was estimated that the quick return flow was 4,677 10³ m³ and the delayed return flow was 1,473 10³ m³ , with a quick return flow rate of 42.6% and a delayed return flow rate of 13.4%.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.169-174
• /
• 1982

The distribution of major aquatic weeds in irrigation and drainage canals along Dongjin river and the degree of infestation of aquatic weeds were investigated throughout Korea, and chemical control of aquatic weeds was also studied. The major aquatic weed species in irrigation and drainage canals along Dongjin river were Leersia japonica, Ceratophyllum demersum, Zijania latifolia, Nuphar japonicum, Phragmites communis, Vallisneria asiatica, Trapa natans, Myriophyllum verticillatum, and Potamogeton crispus. Zijania latifolia, Phragmites communis, and Leersia japonica were troublesome weeds among emerged weeds throughout Korea. Caratophyllum demersum was most serious weed and Myriophyllum verticillatum, Potamogeton crispus, Vallisneria asiatica, and Potamogeton oxyphyllus were also heavily infested among submerged weeds. Leersia japonica was controlled by paraquat at 73.5g/10a glyphosate at 91.5g/10a, and fluridone at 74.7g/10a, Zijania latifolia by paraquat at 220.5g/10a, glyphosate at 366.0g/10a, and fluridone at 74.7g/10a, and Ceratophyllum demersum and Potamogeton crispus by 2,4,5-TP at 540g/10a and fluridone at 1008/10a.

• KCID journal
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 2010

Tidal land reclamation provided water resources and land for agriculture and contributed stable crop production. However, climate change by global warming disrupts the hydrologic circulatory system of the earth resulting in sea level rise and more frequent flood for reclaimed arable land. Recently, Suyu reclaimed paddy field in Jindo-gun experienced prolonged inundation after heavy rainfall and there is a growing risk of flood damage. Onsite survey and flood analysis using GATE_Pro model of Korea Rural Corporation were conducted to investigate causes of flooding. To perform the analysis, input data such as inflow hydrograph, the lowest elevation of paddy field, neap tide level, management level of Gunnae estuary lake at the time of the flood were collected. Flood analysis confirmed that current drainage facilities are not enough to prevent 20year return period flood. The result of analysis showed flooding more than 24hours. Therefore, flood mitigation alternatives such as sluice gate expansion, installation drainage pumping station, refill paddy land, and catch canal were studied. Replacing drainage culvert of Suyu dike to sluice gate and installing drainage pumping station at the Gunne lake were identified as an effective flood control measures. Furthermore, TM/TC (SCADA) system and expert for gate management are required for the better management of drainage for estuary dam and flood mitigation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.323-327
• /
• 2006

During the past decades in South Korea, there have been several projects to reduce water demand and save water for paddy irrigation system by automation. This is called as intensive water management system by telemetering of paddy ponding depth and canal water level and telecontrol of water supply facilities. This study suggests a method of constructing topology-based irrigation network system using GIS tools. For the network modeling, a typical agricultural watershed included reservoirs, irrigation and drainage canals, pumping stations was selected. ArcHydro tools composed of edge, junction, waterbody and watershed were used to construct hydro-network. ArcHydro Model was then designed and the network was successfully built using the HydroID. Visualization using ArcHydro tools could display table property of each object. ArcHydro Model was linked to Agricultural Water Demamd and Supply Estimation System (AWDS) which developed by Korea Rural Community and Agriculture Corporation (KRC) to extract information of the study area. And menu of supply facilities information, demand analysis and supply analysis constructed for information acquisition and visualization of acquired informations.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2024

As the frequency and intensity of heavy rains increase, the vulnerability of agriculture to disasters also increases. Consequently, there is a need to improve flood and inundation predictions. To enhance the accuracy of inundation predictions, it is essential to monitor water level and discharge data within agricultural areas. This study was conducted to monitor water levels and rainfall in the Cheongju Sindae area from 2022 to 2023, and the data was utilized as input and validation data for agricultural inundation modeling. Four irrigation drainage canals were installed to a square-shaped concrete structure where the water level gauge is. It was then confirmed that the water level rises with rainfall. The flow velocities were monitored during periods of heavy rainfall. The rating curve, which estimates water level and flow velocity based on observations, was estimated using the software K-HQ. The resulting curve was presented with the Coefficient of Determination (R²). K-HQ was also used to calculate the equation for the rating curve, taking outliers into account at each data point. Outliers were extracted and the rating curve was recalculated. As the coefficient of determination of three out of four stations exceeded 0.95, the estimated rating curve may be considered reliable for discharge estimation. This study provides critical data for enhancing agricultural inundation modeling accuracy and drainage improvement projects.

• KCID journal
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 2003

According to development and urbanization of country, environment and ecosystem were ignored during the past thirty years. So that, canal which had been developed by concrete, is remained as the space where life can not alive any longer. Therefore, in thi

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.63 no.2
• /
• pp.85-96
• /
• 2021

Irrigation return flow is defined as the excess of irrigation water that is not evapotranspirated by direct surface drainage, and which returns to an aquifer. It is important to quantitatively estimate the irrigation return flow of the water cycle in an agricultural watershed. However, the previous studies on irrigation return flow rates are limitations in quantifying the return flow rate by region. Therefore, simulating irrigation return flow by accounting for various water loss rates derived from agricultural practices is necessary while the hydrologic and hydraulic modeling of cultivated canal-irrigated watersheds. In this study, the irrigation return flow rate of agricultural water, especially for the entire agricultural watershed, was estimated using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) module from 2010 to 2019 for the Madun reservoir located in Anseong, Gyeonggi-do. The results of SWMM simulation and water balance analysis estimated irrigation return flow rate. The estimated average annual irrigation return flow ratio during the period from 2010 to 2019 was approximately 55.3% of the annual irrigation amounts of which 35.9% was rapid return flow and 19.4% was delayed return flow. Based on these results, the hydrologic and hydraulic modeling approach can provide a valuable approach for estimating the irrigation return flow under different hydrological and water management conditions.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.110-119
• /
• 2024

Background: The Mae Kha Canal is one of Chiang Mai's most important waterways. It supports local agriculture, irrigation, and transportation as well as provides stormwater drainage to prevent floods. Due to the unregulated rapid urbanization of the city and lack of efficient waste and wastewater management systems over the past few decades, the canal has become heavily polluted. This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of Mae Kha canal through assessment of the physico-chemical water quality and coliform bacteria. Moreover, benthic macroinvertebrates were samples and assessed using the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP^Thai) and Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT^Thai) as biological indices. Results: The physico-chemical showed low dissolved oxygen levels, high levels of ammonia and phosphates, and elevated levels of biochemical oxygen demand, indicating that the water quality had significantly deteriorated. The canal was found to be heavily polluted, with most sites falling into the polluted to very heavily polluted. Coliform bacteria analysis revealed alarmingly high levels of total coliform bacteria and fecal coliform bacteria in the canal. The BMWP^Thai and ASPT^Thai scores indicated poor to very poor water quality. Conclusions: The physico-chemical and coliform bacteria indicated that the water quality of the Mae Kha canal had significantly deteriorated. The biological indices also indicated the poor to very poor water quality. This study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive remediation efforts, emphasizing strategic planning, investment, and community engagement to revive the canal's ecological health and water quality.

• KCID journal
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.82-90
• /
• 2006

The practical date of rice growing stages and the date for calculating the water demand in paddy field have differences. The causes are rice planting water requirement, nursery bed area and change of average temperature and so on. Some recent papers have shown the same results. So we have investigated the nursery period, rice transplanting period and mid-summer drainage and developed a system for estimating water demand. And we calculated the water demand by using the system. The result showed that calculation by using the new system is more appropriate than the calculation by using the established period. But because water losses in canals and crop coefficient are not determined appropriately, we can calculate the agricultural water demand more accurately by dstablishing canal losses ratio, crop coefficient and so on.