• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2008

Ion exchange performance to remove Ammonium in water was studied using commercially available strong acidic cationic exchange resin of $Na^+$ type in the batch and continuous column reactors. The performance was tested using the effluent concentration histories for continuous column or equilibrium concentrations for batch reactor as a function of time until resins were exhausted or reached ionic equilibrium between resin and solution. The results shoed that cationic exchange resin used in this study was more effective than activated carbon or zeolite for ammonium removal. Ammonium removal with the ion exchange resin temperature to be high qualitative recording minuteness but increases about seasonal change of temperature was judged with the public law where the adaptability is excellent. When the pH comes to be high at 11 degree, the ammonium was not effectively removed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.633-638
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• 2016

In this study, we used three kinds of commercially available cation, anion, and mixed-ion exchange resins to separate radioactive ions from a polluted water containing Cs, I, and other radioactive ions. The experiment was conducted at a room temperature with a batch method, and a comparative analysis on the decontamination ability of each resin for the removal of Cs and I was performed by using different quantities of resins. The concentration was analyzed using ion chromatography and the ion exchange resin product from company D showed an overall high ion exchange ability. However, for most of the experiments when the amount of ion exchange resin was decreased, the decontamination ability of the resins against mass increased. When the mass of company D's cation exchange resin was small, the ion exchange ability against Cs and I ions were measured as 0.199 and 0.344 meq/g, respectively. When the mixed ion exchange resin was used, the ion exchange ability against I ions was measured as 0.33 meq/g. All in all, company D's ion exchange resins exhibited a relatively higher ion exchange ability particularly against I ions than that of other companies' exchange ions.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 1988

Ion exchange behavior of glasses was investigated in this study. The used glasses were Soda-limesilica glasses that was produced by float process. In order to analyse effects of ion exchange, some properties were measured; $K^+$ ion penetration depth, compressive stress, compression layer thickness, amount of $K^+$ ion exchange and density, in case of 43$0^{\circ}C$-8h and 45$0^{\circ}C$-6h, and activation energy is 17.0kcal/mole. Further it can be seen that excessive heat treatment brings about stress relaxation.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.284-290
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• 1996

The electrical properties of bulk galsses in the system Na$_{2}$O-CaO-Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$-B$_{2}$O$_{3}$-SiO$_{2}$ containing 20 to 30mol% sodium which have been subjected to a sodium .tautm. silver ion exchange reaction for 24, 36 and 48 hrs. were analysed by impedance spectroscopy method. Ion exchanged glasses exhibit activation energy values lower than those of the untreated ones. The electrical conductivity increase with sodium content and ion exchanging time. In this experiment the electrical conductivity exhibits a manximum value of 1.78*10$^{-4}$ S/cm at 200.deg. C which contains 30mol% sodium and subjects ion exchange reaction for 48hrs.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.499-504
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• 1989

Coloring effect, mechanical properties resulting from silver ions exchange of glasses immersed into the mixed molten salt of KNO3 and AgNO3 were investigated in this study. Ion exchange coloring of glasses made it possible to obtain glasses with a range from yellow to yellowish-brown, and spectral transmittance was investigated. The amount of ion exchange and peneration depth increased with treatment temperature and time. The activation energy decreased with mole fraction of AgNO3. It can be seem that the bending strength of ion exchanged glasses were 3~4 times higher than the parent glass and Ag+ colloids prevented from increasing surface microhardness.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.87-108
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• 2014

Electrodeionization (EDI), which combines electrodialysis (ED) and conventional ion-exchange (IX), is a mature process which has been applied since more than twenty years on commercial use for the production of ultrapure water (UPW). Eliminating chemical regeneration is the main reason for its commercial success. The increase in acceptance of EDI technology has led to an installation of very large plant as the commercial state of the art that produces $1,500m^3/h$ of water for high pressure steam boiler. More recently, EDI system has found a number of new interesting applications in wastewater treatment, biotechnology industry, and other potential field. Along with further growth and wider applications, the development of stack construction and configuration are also become a concern. In this paper, the principle of EDI process is described and its recent developments, commercial scale, and various applications are pointed out.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.3-14
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• 2005

We Investigated minutely how the biosorption technology using algal biomass is opened in Canadian technology society. Making comparative study for relative technologies in views of overall unit operation cost, we could grasp next facts. - Algal biomass plays the competitive performance for various metals. - Algal biomass biosorbent is regenerated. - Reactor system is not and involved one. This means that algal biomass occupies the strong position as biosorbent. Especially, in North America, for the purpose of metal bearing wastewater treatment, 20 hundred million US dollars was appropriated a sum for the purchase of ion exchange resin. But it is only thirty million US dollars if algal biomass biosorbent is used on behalf of ion exchange resin. Furthermore, the expenses for same treatment can be cut down additively through metal recovery.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.276-281
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• 2020

A research was conducted on the removal of ion from the solution involving the alkali metal ion and chlorine ion using ion exchange resin. The cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin was used for the remove of metal ion (Na⁺ and K⁺) and chlorine ion (Cl^-), respectively. In the case of solution A (involving 36,633 ppm of Na⁺ and 57,921 ppm of Cl^-), the Na⁺ ion and Cl^- ion were removed over 99% within 20 min. In the case of solution B (involving 1,638 ppm of K⁺), the K⁺ ion was removed over 99% within 3 min.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.3
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• pp.285-289
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• 1990

Soil N mineralization and nitrification can be measured conveniently using mixed bed (cation and anion) exchange resin bags. However, appropriate use of these resin bags requires pretreatment to avoid colorimetric interference and standardize N ion adsorption. Three pretreatments were evaluated : control (untreated), 2 M NaCl with a distilled water rinse, and 4 M NaCl. The 4 M NaCl treatment was effective at removing background levels of $NH_4{^+}$ and $NO_3{^-}$, but adsorbed low amounts (about 40%) of inorganic N from standard solutions. Untreated resin bags adsorbed a constant, higher amount of $NO_3{^-}$ (60%), but did not remove background levels of $NH_4{^+}$. The 2 M NaCl treatment followed by a distilled water rinse performed best : it removed background $NH_4{^+}$ and adsorbed a constant amount of both $NH_4{^+}$ (70%) and $NO_3{^-}$ (60%). Because the ion exchange resin is fairly expensive, we also tested if the resin bags could be reused. Resin bags were either loaded with $NH_4{^+}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ in the laboratory or incubated in soil in the field, desorbed with the 2 M NaCl treatment, and then loaded with standard $NH_4{^+}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ solutions. Lab loaded resin bags adsorbed about 60% of inorganic N then loaded with 2.5 or $5.0mgN\;1^{-1}$ and 70% when loaded at 10 or $20mgN\;1^{-1}$, whereas reused field incubated bags showed the opposite adsorption efficiency. These results demonstrate that resin bags can give reproducible results, but care must be taken to evaluate the effect of pretreatment and potential for reuse.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.70-80
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• 2018

Natural organic matter (NOM) is among the most common pollutant in underground and surface waters. It comprises of humic substances which contains anionic macromolecules such as aliphatic and aromatic compounds of a wide range of molecular weights along with carboxylic, phenolic functional groups. Although the concentration of NOM in potable water usually lies in the range of 1-10 ppm. Conventional treatment technologies are facing challenge in removing NOM effectively. The main issues are concentrated to low efficiency, membrane fouling, and harmful by-product formation. Ion-exchangers can be considered as an efficient and economic pretreatment technology for the removal of NOM. It not only consumes less time for pretreatment but also resist formation of trihalomethanes (THMs), an unwanted harmful by-product. This article provides a comprehensive review of ion exchange processes for the removal of NOM.