• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.935-942
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to measure the causal relationships among attitude toward eating seafood, perceived behavioral control (PBC), health involvement, behavioral intention and consumption. A total of 235 questionnaires were completed. A structural equation model was used to measure the causal effects of the constructs. The results of the study demonstrated that the structural analysis results for the data also indicated an excellent model fit. Health involvement had considerable effects on attitude and intention, which were statistically significant. The effects of attitude and PBC on intention were also statistically significant. Futhermore, the effects of attitude, PBC, and intention on consumption were statistically significant. As expected, intention had a significant effect on consumption. Moreover, health involvement had significant indirect effects on intention through attitude and PBC. Attitude had a significant indirect effect on consumption through intention. PBC also had a significant indirect effect on consumption through intention. By developing and testing conceptual models that integrated the relationship among variables such as health involvement and attitude, along with seafood consumption behavior, this study approaches a deeper understanding of how perceptions, on the importance of a healthy diet and other factors, influence consumption behavior.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.326-331
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• 1991

Brain serotonin and its utilization was investigated on stressed rats after feeding high tryptophan diet for a month. High tryptophan fed rats displayed significantly higher level of serum tryptophan, brain tryptophan, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) than the control diet fed rats. When rats were treated with 3 hour immobilization (IMMB) stress, serotonin turnover was slightly increased, but not statistically significant, in control diet group rats. However in high tryptophan diet rats, 3 hr IMMB stress resulted in statistically significantly (p<0.05) decreased the serum tryptophan, brain tryptophan and 5-HT level. The concentration of 5-HIAA was significantly increased indicating accelerated utilization of the brain 5-HT of the high trp. fed rat. The utilization pattern of the serotonin was found to be similar among young and adult rats. Rats on a tryptophan enriched diet displayed higher coping ability to the stress as they exhibited smaller increment of corticosterone level. A possble involvement of opioid system was suggested in serotonin utilization by measuring total $^{3}$[H]-naloxone binding in brain.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.591-606
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to explore diverse characteristics of females aged 25 to 49 years grouped according to Body Mass Index(BMI), and to investigate the effect of body satisfaction and self-esteem on involvement in dieting within each BMI group. In total, 549 females who participated in an online survey were divided into groups based on BMI(underweight, normal, and overweight). Results demonstrated three key factors, as follows. First, differences were identified among BMI groups according to demographic characteristics(age, household income, and marital status), although no difference according to education level was found. Second, differences according to BMI groups were found in body satisfaction and involvement in dieting, whereas were not found in self-esteem. Third, model testing for each BMI group showed, a positive correlation between body satisfaction and self-esteem in all three groups. However, there was a difference in causal relationships among variable across BMI groups. Body satisfaction negatively affected and self-esteem positively affected involvement in dieting for the underweight and normal groups, whereas there was no causal relationship between variables in the overweight group. Based on these results, basic information of groups segmented by the level of BMI was obtained, which could be used for both academic and practical implications.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.137-144
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• 2014

This study examined the effect of beauty involvement on self-satisfaction by conspicuous consumption tendency groups. A questionnaire method was used for this study. The subjects of this research were females in their 20s~50s. We distributed 580 questionnaires ets; constantly, 554 sets were used in the final analysis. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, ANOVA, cluster analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Beauty consumption behavior factors were classified with hair styling, skin management, make-up and body shaping. Self-satisfaction factors were classified with living, appearance, economic and interpersonal relation. This study classified 4 conspicuous consumption groups (active, passive, syntonic and individuality & frugal group). The active conspicuous consumption group was unsatisfied with most of the self-satisfaction factors. The passive conspicuous consumption group was more interested in skin management factors than other factors. The syntonic conspicuous consumption group was interested in make-up, body shaping and skin management in order to provide a positive impression to other people. The individuality & frugal group was most interested in body shaping that could be achieved at low cost through exercise and diet.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.731-739
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• 2004

As the life styles have been changed in modern society and sports gave been emphasized for spending spare time and improving health condition, sports are regarded to lave a leading role to fashion as one of the prominent factors. This study is to analyze the gender-identity and how different levels of involvement in In-line skating affects clothing interests. 291 In-line skaters ranged in age from middle twenties to middle thirties were surveyed and measured for this study. MANOVA(multivariate analysis of variance), ANOVA(univariate analysis of variance), Cronbach ${\alpha}$ reliability, t-test, and correlation analysis were performed with SPSS 10.0 program on the selected data. The results of this study are as follow. There were no obvious differences in In-line skating clothing interests by gender of In-line skaters. There were, however, differences in the reasons for In-line skating, the hours to skate per week. Those whose purpose for skating was diet had more interest in style focused on expression. In case of skating for health, they showed interest in activity-functionality style and anti-deviation style. The group of In-line skaters who skated 15 to 18 per week gave more interest in activity-functionality style out of the clothing interest-factors. Those who had strong masculinity in gender-identity of In-line skaters were more involved in In-line skating. There were some differences in clothing interests according to gender-identity of In-line skaters. In regard of In-line skating clothing interest by involvement in In-line skating, those who had higher involvement in In-line skating had higher In-line skating clothing interest.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.456-471
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• 2019

Consumers' growing interest in the environment has recently led them to recognize the importance of their dietary life and sustainable consumption. Thus, there is an increasing necessity to identify consumers' response on the relationship between the consumption of functional food and their interest in helping environment. This research was conducted to analyze consumers' behaviors as related to Spirulina, an eco-friendly functional food brand, by subdividing markets according to consumers' food lifestyle. The results showed that consumers were categorized into 3 types (high involvement in diet, pursuit of safety in diet, and pursuit of convenience in diet), and there was a significant difference in the consumption behaviors of the functional food according to the 3 types. Their positive attitude towards functional food and interest in the environment led to changes of their actual purchasing behavior by increased purchase of Spirulina. Also, consumers who displayed high environmental involvement showed a more favorable attitude towards functional food. Therefore, to expand the market of eco-friendly functional food, it is necessary to subdivide the market and target the consumers who are highly involved with protecting the environment, and to execute marketing strategies for eco-friendly products, in order to increase the consumers' awareness about eco-friendly functional food.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.247-253
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• 2002

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of high temperature and dietary tryptophan (Trp) on performance, selected organ weights and plasma free amino acid (AA) concentrations in broiler chickens. In Experiment 1, exposure to $27-33^{\circ}C$ of chickens for 2 weeks from 2 weeks of age did not affect growth and plasma free AA concentration except for a decrease in the concentration of plasma tyrosine (Tyr). In Experiment 2, 2-week-old birds were allocated to one of three temperature treatments; $24^{\circ}C$ (control), $36^{\circ}C$ (heat stress, HS) and $24^{\circ}C$ pair-fed (24PF) for 2 weeks and fed on diets containing 50, 100 and 300% of NRC requirement for Trp. Heat stress caused a reduction of weight gain and feed intake irrespective of dietary Trp levels compared with control counterparts, while feeding of 300% Trp diet did not attenuate the reduced performance by HS exposure. In groups fed the 100% Trp diets, plasma aromatic AA (AAA) and Tyr concentrations were decreased in the HS birds compared with the 24PF group. Plasma concentrations in most of AA groups were increased by HS in chickens fed the 50% Trp diet, while those were not changed by HS in chickens fed the 300% Trp diet, compared with 24PF counterparts. The plasma Trp/LNAA (LNAA=large neutral AAs, which are comprised of BCAA, AAA and Trp) ratio was increased by HS in chickens fed the 100% Trp diet, while it was decreased in chickens fed on 50% Trp diet as compared with 24PF group. From these results, it is suggested that performance and plasma amino acid profile deranged by heat stress are modulated, at least, to be relieved from the heat stress by feeding 50% Trp diet but not at all by feeding 300% Trp diet. The involvement of altered plasma AA profiles, in particular plasma Tyr concentrations and Trp/LNAA ratio, is discussed in association with the performance characteristics of HS chickens.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.341-348
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• 2007

This study was to investigate utilization status of internet, health/nutrition websites among children, and to assess the needs for developing nutrition websites and education programs for children. The survey questionnaire was administered to 5-6th grade students (n=434) at two elementary schools. About 32% used the internet every day while 19.5% used it whenever they needed, showing significant differences in internet usage by gender (p<0.01). Although the subjects used the internet frequently, those who used health/nutrition websites were 23.3%. The purpose of using these sites were mainly 'to obtain health/nutrition information' (55%), 'to get information regarding weight control' (17%). Fifty-six percent of the users were satisfied with the nutrition websites, but only 30% said that they were helpful. The preferred topics in developing nutrition websites were assessment of obesity, exercise methods, weight control methods, nutrition information (e.g., diet for stature growth), dietary assessment and food hygiene. Girls showed more interest in these topics than boys (p<0.05). For school nutrition education, girls showed more interest than boys in topics for cooking snacks (p<0.001) and selecting snacks (p<0.05). In nutrition websites, subjects wanted to have information and game/quiz, as well as getting information using Flash animation. The favorite colors for screen and text were slightly different by gender (p<0.01). In school nutrition education, 89.5% of subjects liked to have activities (e.g., cooking, exercise, game). They also liked materials using computers, video and internet than printed materials. If nutrition education was done at schools, subjects wanted to receive 5.7 times of education per semester on average (mean length: 42.6 min/session). This study suggests that nutrition websites and education programs for children should include the topics such as assessment of obesity or diet, weight control and special information (e.g., diet for growth) as well as general information. In designing nutrition websites and programs, methods including game, quiz, Flash animation and activities (cooking, exercise) could be appropriately used to induce the interest and involvement of children.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2017

Background: The present study investigated the effect of ginseng berry hot water extract (GBx) on blood flow via the regulation of lipid metabolites and blood coagulation in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: Sixty rats were divided into five groups in descending order of body weight. Except for the control group, the other four groups were fed a HFD containing 45% kcal from fat for 11 wk without GBx. GBx groups were then additionally treated by gastric gavage with GBx dissolved in distilled water at 50 (GBx 50) mg/kg, 100 (GBx 100) mg/kg, or 150 (GBx 150) mg/kg body weight for 6 wk along with the HFD. To investigate the effects of GBx on rats fed a HFD, biochemical metabolite, blood coagulation assay, and histological analysis were performed. Results: In the experiments to measure the serum levels of leptin and apolipoprotein B/A, GBx treatment attenuated the HFD-induced increases in these metabolites (p < 0.05). Adiponectin and apolipoprotein E levels in GBx-treated groups were significantly higher than the HFD group. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were increased in all GBx-treated groups. In the GBx-treated groups, the serum levels of thromboxane $A_2$ and serotonin were decreased and concentrations of serum fibrinogen degradation products were increased (p < 0.05). Moreover, histomorphometric dyslipidemia-related atherosclerotic changes were significantly improved by treatment with GBx. Conclusion: These results suggest the possibility that GBx can ameliorate blood flow by decreasing intima-media thickness via the regulation of blood coagulation factors related to lipid metabolites in rats fed a HFD.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.23-27
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• 1997

This study was performed to examine the anti-cancer effect of Red Ginseng in the DENGalN-PH-induced hepatic tumor model system in rats. One hundred of male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats(6weeks old) were randomly divided into five groups. Rats in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were administered to diethylnitrosamine intraperitoneally 200 mg/kg body weight for the caner initiation. Rats in group 5 were given to saline as a control. On two weeks after cancer initiation, rats in groups 1 and 3 were fed on diet containing 0.01% of acethylaminofiuorene(AAF) which is strong cancer-promotor for 6 weeks, while rats in groups 2 and 4 were fed on water containing 0.05% of phenobarbital which is weak cancer.promotor for 6 weeks. Rats in groups 1 and 2 were treated with diet containing 3% of Red Ginseng for six weeks(from 9th week till 15th week after cancer initiation). Rats in all groups were necropsied time-sequencially at 8, 15, and 36 weeks. The hepatic lesions of rat treated with carcinogens expressed glutathione S-transferase placental form(GST-P) at 8 week. The GST-P positive foci of rats treated with AAF were larger than that of any other rats, while the GST-P positive foci of rats treated with AAF and red ginseng were significantly decreased. This anti-cancer effect of Red ginseng might be involved in the enhacement of natural killer cell activity. To know whether there is direct relationship between Red Ginseng and natural killer cell activity, the activity of natural killer cell was examined after treatment AAF, AAF+Red ginseng and Red ginseng only, respectively. Comparing with natural killer cell activity in AAF-treated group, natural killer cell activity was significantly activated in AAF+ Red ginseng-treated group. This indicated that Red ginseng might enhance natural killer activity after treatment carcinogen in rats. These results suggested that Red ginseng might have a cancer prevention ability by promoting natural killer cell activity during hepatocarclnogenesis.