• 제목/요약/키워드: intramuscular

검색결과 777건 처리시간 0.035초

Lidocaine과 dexamethasone 혼합용액의 근육내 주사 후 조직학적 변화 (Microstructural Changes after Intramuscular Injection of Lidocaine and Dexamethasone)

  • 장성민;이경은
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.25-34
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    • 2005
  • 측두하악장애 및 구강안면통증 환자들 중 근막통증에 의한 기능제한이나 통증을 호소하는 경우를 흔히 볼 수 있다. 근막통증환자를 치료할 때 여러 가지 물리치료가 유용하지만, 즉각적인 통증완화효과를 나타내는 발통점주사요법이 근막통증의 치료로서 널리 적용되고 있다. 발통점주사요법에 흔히 사용하는 화학약제로 생리식염수, 국소마취제, 스테로이드 등이 있으며, 국소마취제는 근육에 대한 부작용이 보고되어 있어 사용상 주의가 필요하다. 이 연구는 상품화된 lidocaine과, dexamethasone 주사제의 혼합용액을 근육내 주사한 후 조직학적 변화를 관찰함으로써 근육에 대한 위해성 여부를 평가하고자 하였다. 또한 용액의 농도에 따라 각각 조직학적 변화를 관찰함으로써 위해성이 없는 적정한 농도를 제시하고자 하였다. 이 연구에서는 생후 9주된 BALB/c 생쥐 (자성) 63마리를 7군으로 분류하여, 앞정강근 (전경골근, tibialis cranialis) 에 각각 생리식염수, dexamethasone, 2.0% lidocaine, 생리식염수와 혼합한 1.0% lidocaine, 생리식염수와 혼합한 1.5% lidocaine, dexamethasone과 혼합한 1.0% lidocaine, dexamethasone과 혼합한 1.5% lidocaine을 주사하였다. 그 후 1일, 7일, 14일째에 희생시켜 실험부위를 절취한 후 조직절편을 만들어 HE염색과 Van-Gieson염색을 거쳐 광학현미경으로 관찰하여 다음의 결론을 얻었다. Lidocaine과 dexamethasone의 혼합용액을 근육내 주사하였을 때, lidocaine의 농도가 1.5% 이하인 경우 조직학적으로 유해하지 않았으며, 통증완화효과와 항염증작용을 동시에 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 향후 상기 혼합용액을 발통점주사요법의 약제로 사용할 경우, 인체에서도 동일한 결과가 나올 것인가에 대해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

SPE 및 GC/MS에 의한 혈액중 스트리크닌의 분석법 개발 및 검출사례 (Method Development and Validation of Strychnine in Blood by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Using Solid Phase Extraction and its Application in Real Specimens)

  • 이종숙;염혜선;문성민;이상기
    • 약학회지
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    • 제57권2호
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 2013
  • An analytical methodology based on solid-space extraction (SPE) with with Bond Elut Certify cartridge (Varian, 130 mg) has been developed for the qualification and quantitation of strychnine in blood. After the elution layer was evaporated, the residue was reconstituted with methanol for GC/MS. Internal standard was used 10 mg/l dextromethorphan. Strychnine is a potent central nervous stimulant and convulsant, and an alkaloid found in seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica. It was used therapeutically to improve circulation and muscle tone in oral or intramuscular doses of 0.05~8 mg. The fatal dose of strychnine for humans is 50~100 mg. A man was found dead lying curled up the corner of the large room in a roof house after the fire fighter opened a locked door inside to put out the fire. The postmortem blood and gastric contents were analyzed for toxicological testing. Strychnine and brucine were detected using GC/MS first in gastric contents extracts. The contents of strychnine was 0.083 mg/l in heart blood, 0.088 mg/l in peripheral blood and 4.0 mg/kg in gastric contents, respectively. Method validation was carried out in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision (intraday, interday) in blood. The assay is linear over 0.05~10 mg/l ($r^2$=0.999). Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in blood were determined 0.02 mg/l (S/N=3) and 0.07 mg/l (S/N=10), respectively. Accuracy (bias%) of strychnine with 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l was 12.0% (n=6), 9.3% (n=6) and 6.9% (n=6), respectively. Intraday precision (CV%) of strychnine with, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l were 6.4%, 10.4%, 1.2% (n=6), respectively. Interday precision (CV%) of strychnine with 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l over three days were 24.0%, 18.5%, 13.8% (n=18), respectively. Relative recovery with 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l (in blood) were 114.9%, 99.3% and 87.4% (n=6), respectively. The described method can be applied in forensic toxicology to determine strychnine in blood samples.

핵산증폭시험을 이용한 혈장분획물질에서 HCV RNA 검출 (A Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Reliable HCV RNA Detection Method for Plasma-Derived Products)

  • 홍승희
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제44권4호
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    • pp.293-298
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    • 2008
  • HCV는 HIV등과 함께 수혈이나 혈장된 획물질을 통하여 감염되는 주요 바이러스이다. 주로 혈액이나 혈장에서 HCV에 대한 항체를 검출함으로서 HCV의 감염을 방지하고 있다. 그러나 바이러스에 감염되었으나 항체가 생성되기 이전이나 항체의 양이 적은 경우에는 HCV의 검출이 어렵다. 따라서 핵산중폭시험(nucleic acid amplification tests, NAT)을 이용한 HCV 유전자를 검출하려는 시도들이 진행되고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 혈장분획물질에서 HCV RNA를 검출할 수 있는 핵산증폭시험 방법을 개발하는 것이다. 5종류의 PCR primer를선별하여 실험에 이용하였다. 혈장분획물질의 HCV RNA 추출에는 컬럼 방법을 이용하는 것이 유용한 것으로나타났다. 핵산중폭시험의 결합 온도는 $48^{\circ}C$가 가장 적절한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 2차 PCR의 경우, 1차 PCR 산물 $1{\mu}l$와 30 pmol의 primer즐 사용하였을 때 높은 민감도와 특이성을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 혈장 분획물질에 HCV를 주입하여 혈장중폭시험을 수행한 결과, 100 IU/ml까지 검출 할 수 있었다. 한편 근육주사용항체(IMIG)의 경우 핵산중폭시험을 통한 검출한계는 100IU/ml로 COBAS amplicor HCV2.0의 500 IU/ml 이상의 검출한계보다 민감도가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들로 보아 본 실험에 이용된 핵산증폭시험이 혈장분획물질에서 HCV RNA를 검출하는데 유용한 방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

한우 육질등급이 난포란의 배반포 체외생산에 미치는 영향 (Correlation of Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) Carcass Classification and Oocyte Donor for Blastocyst Production In Vitro)

  • 김강식;이홍철;박용수;김소섭;박흠대
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.161-170
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    • 2015
  • These studies were conducted to establish the practical Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) improvement system through the combining of embryo transfer technology and confirming individual Hanwoo oocyte culture system and to investigate that correlation of Hanwoo carcass classification (intramuscular marbling) and oocyte donor for blastocyst production in vitro. In case of Hanwoo, the carcass meat quality grades were divided to grade $1^{{+}{+}}$, $1^{+}$, 1, 2, and 3 depends on fat distribution of longest muscle cross-sectional surface. As results, the numbers of follicular oocytes collected from individual fundamentally-registered Hanwoo yielded $1^{{+}{+}}$, $1^{+}$, 1, 2 and 3 meat quality were 9.5, 9.4, 8.5, 8.8 and 8.8 per ovary, respectively. The numbers of retrieval oocyte from follicles were significantly higher in the cattle yield $1^{{+}{+}}$, $1^{+}$ meat quality than in the cattle yield 1, 2 and 3 meat quality (p<0.05). The rates of blastocyst formation were 18.2, 21.3, 29.4, 30.9, and 31.5% in the cattle yield $1^{{+}{+}}$, $1^{+}$, 1, 2 and 3 meat quality of after in vitro maturation, respectively. It was significantly lower in the cattle yield $^{{+}{+}}$ and $1^{+}$ meat quality than in the cattle yield 1, 2 and 3 meat quality (p<0.05). In order to evaluate embryos quality, TUNNEL assay was conducted for each meat quality grade using blastocyst stage embryo on day 8. The results showed that apoptosis cell number was higher tendency in the cattle yield $1^{{+}{+}}$and $1^{+}$ meat quality (81 and 79, respectively) than in the cattle yield 1, 2 and 3 meat quality (51, 48 and 50, respectively) but there was no statistical significance in each group. After embryo transfer, the conception rate of recipient was 53.5 (23 out of 43), 52.1 (38 out of 73) and 58.0% (58 out of 100) in the meat quality of 1, $1^{+}$ and $1^{{+}{+}}$, respectively. These results showed that the conception rate was significantly higher in the cattle yield 1 meat quality than in the cattle yield $1^{{+}{+}}$, $1^{+}$, 2, and 3 meat quality (p<0.05). In summary, these results indicate that the application of confirming Hanwoo individual oocyte culture system and embryo transfer technology can make good use of the genetic resources conservation and improvement of Hanwoo. Relevance of the meat quality grade and reproductive ability of carcasses of Hanwoo will be considered to be one of the effective means for the associated research with obesity and reproduction.

사료의 영양소 수준과 성별이 도체 및 육질특성에 미치는 영향 (Interaction between Nutrient Density Diets and Sex on Carcass and Quality Characteristics in Finishing Pigs)

  • 하영주;이정일;이제룡;이진우;정재두;곽석준;송영민;도창희
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.57-72
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    • 2005
  • The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of nutrient density diets and sex on carcass and pork quality characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 96 pigs(58.04 $\pm$ 6.85 kg) were divided into 2 groups(gilts and barrows), each sex group was assigned to 3 nutrient density(high : 18.5%, middle : 16.0% and low: 14.0% CP, respectively) and raised up to 1l0kg live weight. Each treatment had four replicates with three or five pigs per replicate. The treatments comprised the feeding regimes of 1) the low density diet for 60 days, 2) the middle nutrient density diet for the 30 days followed by a low nutrient density diet for the remaining 30 days and 3) the high nutrient density diet for the 30 days followed by a middle nutrient density diet for the remaining 30 days. Pigs were conventionally slaughtered, and then chilled overnight. Carcass characteristics and grades were determined on those carcasses, and pork loin muscle was removed from each left side at 5th to 13th rib for quality evaluation were evaluated. There were no differences in the carcass weight between sex and nutrient density. Dressing percent of L-L(gilts) treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P< 0.05). Barrows showed a thicker back fat thickness than gilts. There were no difference in intramuscular fat, subcutaneous fat and springiness between sex and nutrient density. Intermuscular fat of barrows groups was significantly higher than the gilts groups(P < 0.05). In the meat quality characteristics, there were no difference in general composition, meat and fat color between sex and nutrient density. pH of L-L(gilts) treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P < 0.05). Cooking loss and shear force value of H-M(barrows) treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments(P< 0.05). Purge loss of barrows groups was significantly higher than the gilts groups(P < 0.05). Myoglobin content of H-M treatment was significantly lower than L-L and M-L treatments(P< 0.05). Texture of H-M treatment was higher than L-L and M-L treatments. The content of myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acid were significantly higher in the barrows groups(P< 0.05). However, stearic, linoleic and arachidonic acid were significantly higher in the gilts(P < 0.05). Amino acid content of L-L treatment was significantly higher than M-L and H-M treatments(P < 0.05). In conclusion, carcass and pork quality characteristics were affected by sex and nutrient density.

한우 비육기간 중 중성지방 생합성 관련 유전자의 발현양상 (Expression Profiles of Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis Genes on Fattening Stages in Hanwoo)

  • 김남국;김성곤;허강녕;윤두학;이창수;임석기;박응우
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제50권3호
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    • pp.293-300
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    • 2008
  • 비육 기간 중 근육 내 지방 축적 및 관련 유전자 발현 양상을 확인하기 위하여, 등심 내 지방 및 중성지방 함량을 측정하고 중성지방 생합성 관련 유전자인 ACSS2, GPAT, MGAT 및 DGAT의 유전자 발현량을 real-time PCR법을 통하여 분석하였다. 근육 내 중성지방 함량은 20개월령 이후 급속히 증가됨을 보였고, 중성지방 함량의 증가와 함께 ACSS2, GPAT 및 DGAT 유전자의 발현이 증가됨을 확인하였다. 특히, 12개월령과 비교하여 ACSS2 유전자의 발현은 비육후기인 27개월령에서 7.3배, GPAT는 6.9배 증가되었다. 이러한 중성지방 함량의 증가와 중성지방 생합성 관련 유전자의 발현량 증가는 비육후기에 있어 고 에너지 사료 급여로 인한 지방산의 증가와, 증가된 지방산의 이용성 증대로 축적 형태인 중성지방 합성이 증가되는 것으로 판단되어 진다. 또한 중성지방 생합성 관련 유전자인 ACSS2, GPAT 및 DGAT 유전자의 발현증가는 근육 내 지방 축적과 밀접히 관련되어 있으며, 근내지방 축적과 관련되어 주요한 후보 유전자로 생각되어 진다.

재래돼지의 출하체중별 도체수율 및 육질특성 (Carcass Yields and Meat Quality by Live Weight of Korean Native Black Pigs)

  • 조수현;박범영;김진형;김명직;성필남;김영종;김동훈;안종남
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.523-530
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구는 총 127두(암퇘지 30두, 수퇘지 97두) 재래돼지의 출하체중별 도체특성, 부분육 생산율 및 육질특성을 조사하였다. 본 연구에 이용된 재래돼지의 평균 출하체중, 도체율 및 거래정육율은 수컷이 각각 74.69kg, 71.14% 및 61.09%이었고 암컷은 75.5kg, 73.88% 및 56.25 %이었다. 결과적으로 암퇘지가 수퇘지에 비하여 생체중 및 도체율이 약간 높게 나타난 반면에 거래정육율은 수퇘지가 암퇘지와 비교하여 약간 높은 경향을 나타냈으나 성별 그룹간에 유의적인 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다(p>0.05). 재래돼지의 일반성분 특성에서 암퇘지 그룹이 수퇘지 그룹보다 높은 지방 함량을 보였으며, 수퇘지에서는 출하체중에 관계없이 지방 함량이 낮은 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 단백질 함량은 출하체중이 증가할수록 암퇘지 및 수퇘지 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 근내지방 함량이 높은 암퇘지의 경우 동일한 체중그룹에 속하는 수퇘지와 비교하여 전단력이 낮고 보수력이 높은 경향으로 나타났다. 육색에서 암퇘지가 수퇘지와 비교하여 전반적으로 L값(명도), a값(적색도), 및 b값(황색도)이 모두 높은 경향을 나타냈으나 유의적인 차이는 황색도에서만 암퇘지가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 따라서 본 연구결과는 재래돼지의 출하체중과 성별에 따른 적절한 품질인증기준을 설정하는데 중요한 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

식육부산물에서의 Chondroitin Sulfate 추출방법간의 비교 (Comparison of Extraction Methods of Chondroitin Sulfate from Meat By-products)

  • 임동균;오동훈;설국환;이무하
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.531-538
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구는 소, 돼지, 닭의 부산물인 신장, 간, 기관으로부터 황산콘드로이틴을 추출하고 추출수율을 극대화할 수 있는 추출조건을 탐색하고자 실시하였다. 추출방법은 일반추출방법, 열수추출방법 및 효소가수분해 추출방법을 이용하였으며 각 추출방법에 따른 수율 및 추출물내의 황산 콘드로이틴의 양을 측정하였다. 추출방법간의 비교에서 일반추출법(대조구) 보다 열수추출과 효소가수분해 추출의 수율이 더 높게 나타났으며 유의적인 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 효소가수분해 추출에서 식육부산물 중 가장 높은 값을 나타낸 것은 닭 기관, 소 기관, 소 간 순이었다(P<0.05). 모든 추출방법 간에 있어서 소기관의 황산콘드로이틴 함량이 가장 높았으며 효소가수분해 추출방법에 의한 소기관의 황산콘드로이틴 함량이(21.19±1.82) 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 추출물의 수율에 영향을 미치는 에탄올에 의한 추출물 분별침전에서는 에탄올 농도가 증가할수록 황산콘드로이틴 수율이 증가하였다. 결론적으로 식육부산물로부터 황산콘드로이틴을 추출하는데 있어 효소가수분해방법이 가장 좋은 결과를 나타내었다.

조경종옥탕(調經種玉湯)이 Estradiol Valerate로 유발된 다낭성 난소 모델에서 난포의 성숙 및 NGF 발현에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effects of J okyeongjongok-Tang on the Maturation of Follicles and NGF Expression in Rats with Estradiol Valerate-induced Polycystic Ovaries)

  • 양준모;서일복;이동녕;김형준
    • 대한한방부인과학회지
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.52-67
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    • 2011
  • Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effects of Jokyeongjongok -Tang(JJT) on the progression of the estradiol valerate(EV)-induced polycystic ovaries(PCO) in rats. Methods: PCO was induced by single intramuscular injection with estradiol valerate(EV)(4 mg) in female rats. Normal group(n=8) were injected with sesame oil and orally administrated distilled water for sixty days. PCO control group (n=8) were injected with EV and orally administrated distilled water for sixty days. JJT treated group(n=8) were injected with EV and orally administrated JJT for same duration. At the end day of experiment, we measured weights of body, ovaries, adrenal glands and uterus. The histopathological changes of ovaries were also evaluated. And we observed the NGF and CRF expression by immunohistochemistry. Results: The results were as follows - The weights(mg) of ovaries of JJT treated group($58.4{\pm}9.4$) were significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with PCO control group($42.3{\pm}8.5$). - The numbers of mature follicles of JJT treated group($10.1{\pm}2.5$) were significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with PCO control group($6.1{\pm}2.1$). - The numbers of cystic follicles of JJT treated group($1.8{\pm}1.4$) were significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared with PCO control group($3.8{\pm}1.5$). - The expressions of NGF-immunoreactive cells in the ovaries of JJT treated group were weaker than PCO control group. Conclusions: From the above results, we concluded that Jokyeongjongok-Tang (JJT) contributes to a normal maturation of follicles and has the effects of promoting a normal ovulation. And these effects may be related with the decreased NGF activities in the ovaries.

혈부축어탕(血府逐瘀湯)이 Estradiol Valerate로 유발된 흰쥐의 다낭성 난소 및 수태에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Hyeolbuchukeo-tang on the Estradiol Valerate-induced Polycystic Ovaries and the Conception of Rats)

  • 배상진;김형준;이동녕
    • 대한한방부인과학회지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.43-65
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    • 2012
  • Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effects of Hyeolbuchukeotang( HCT) on the Estradiol Valerate(EV) induced Polycystic Ovaries and the Implantation of rats. Methods: PCO was induced by single intramuscular(IM) injection with EV in female rats. Normal group(n=8) were injected with sesame oil and orally administrated distilled water for 60 days. Control group(n=8) were injected with EV and orally administrated distilled water for 60 days. HCT treated group(n=8) were injected with EV and orally administrated HCT for 60 days. At the end day of experiment, we measured weights of body, ovaries, adrenal glands, uterus and contents of serum LH, FSH, ADD. The histomorphometrical changes of ovaries were also evaluated. And we observed the NGF and CRF expression by immunohistochemistry. Also we observed the mating and count the number of implantation. Results: - The weights(mg) of ovaries in HCT treated group($58.9{\pm}6.5$) were significantly increased (p<0.01) compared with control group ($42.3{\pm}8.5$). - The number of mature follicles in HCT treated group($9.8{\pm}2.6$) was significantly increased (p<0.01) compared with control group($6.1{\pm}2.1$). - The number of cystic follicles in HCT treated group($1.6{\pm}1.2$) was significantly decreased (p<0.01) compared with control group($3.8{\pm}1.5$). - The value of serum FSH(mIU/ml) in HCT treated group($3.870{\pm}2.151$) was significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared with control group($10.476{\pm}6.294$). - The expression of NGF-immunoreactive cells in the ovarian cells in HCT treated group was lesser observed than control group. - The number of implantation in HCT treated group($7.4{\pm}1.8$) was significantly increased (p<0.05) compared with control group($3.1{\pm}4.4$). Conclusions: Hyeolbuchukeo-tang(HCT) is effect on polycystic ovaries and the implantation of rats by EV-induced.