• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.176-187
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was purposed to investigate the antioxidative effects of Paeoniae radix aqua-acupuncture solution(PR) on culture liver cell system, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities in tert-butyl hydroperoxide(t-BHP) treatmented conditions. Methods : Cultured normal rat liver cell(Ac2F) were prepared and incubated with or without PR(at 2% volume in culture medium). After 16~18hr, cells placed in DMEM medium without serum, and then incubated with 1mM t-BHP for 2hr. Viable cells were detected by MTT assay, and the levels of lipid peroxide(LPO) were measured by TBA method. And catalase activity was measured as the decrease in hydrogen peroxide absorbance at 240nm on spectrophotometer using 30mM hydrogen peroxide. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) were assayed by recording the inhibition of nitro blue tetrazolium reduction with xanthine and xanthine oxidase. Glutathione peroxidase(GPX) activity was determined by the modified coupled assay developed by Paglia and Lawrence. The reaction was started by addition of 2.2mM hydrogen peroxide as substrate. The change in absorbance at 340nm was measured for 1min on spectrophotometer. Glutathione-S-transferase(GST) activity was assayed with CDNB as substrate and enzyme activity of GST towards the glutathione conjugation of CDNB. Results : Cell killing was significantly enhanced by addition of t-BHP compared to those of untreated group. PR pretreated cell resisted the toxic effects of t-BHP. LPO levels of t-BHP treatment group were significantly higher than other groups. This increased level was significandy reduced by PR pretreatment. The t-BHP treatment resulted in a decrease of catalase, GPX and GST activities. By contrast, PR pretreatment markedly increased compare to those of untreated groups. Conclusions : T-BHP which can produce intracellular free radical was used for inducer of the peroxidation of cellular lipids. PR protected the cell death induced by t-BHP and significantly increased cell viabiliry in the normal rat liver cell, and showed effective inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and elevations of catalase, GPX and GST activities. These results suggested that PR might play a protective role in lipid peroxidation by free radicals.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제14권
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• pp.111-122
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• 1996

Streptomyces chibaensis J-59 xylanase는 CSL 배지(1% corn steep liquor, 0.15% glucose, 0.1% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, pH 7.0)에서 1% xylan을 효소생산 유도물질로 첨가하였을 경우에 생산(0.83 unit/ml) 되었으나, xylose를 비롯한 각 종 탄소원을 포함하는 배지에서는 효소가 생산되지 않았다. S. chibaensis로 부터 생산된 세포외 xylanase를 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ 분획침전, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration 과정으로 약 29%의 수율로 20배 정제하였다. 정제한 xylanase는 SDS-PAGE 및 Sephadex G-200 gel filtraion에서 분자량이 모두 25,000 Da으로 나타나 monomenc enzyme으로 확인되었다. 금속이온에 대한 영향은 $Fe^{3+}$, $Hg^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, sodium dodecyl sulfate, N-bromosuccinide 등에서는 아주 강한 저해를 받았고, $Mn^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$에서는 약간의 저해를 받았다. 반면에 $Mg^{2+}$는 효소활성을 증가시켰다. Xylanase에 의한 xylooligo 당의 생산양상을 TLC로 조사한 결과 xylobiose, xylotriose 및 xylotetrose가 주 생산물이었으며, 반응 1시간 이후부터 소량의 xylose가 생성되었다. 따라서 본 효소는 전형적인 endotype xylanase로 확인되었으며 새로운 기능성식품인 자일로 올리고당(xylooligo-saccharides)의 제조에 이용할 수 있을 것이다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2013

Atherosclerotic vascular dysfunction is a chronic inflammatory process that spreads from the fatty streak and foam cells through lesion progression. Therefore, its early diagnosis and prevention is unfeasible. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Intracellular redox status is tightly regulated by oxidant and antioxidant systems. Imbalance in these systems causes oxidative or reductive stress which triggers cellular damage or aberrant signaling, and leads to dysregulation. Paradoxically, large clinical trials have shown that non-specific ROS scavenging by antioxidant vitamins is ineffective or sometimes harmful. ROS production can be locally regulated by cellular antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidases and peroxiredoxins. Therapeutic approach targeting these antioxidant enzymes might prove beneficial for prevention of ROS-related atherosclerotic vascular disease. Conversely, the development of specific antioxidant enzyme-mimetics could contribute to the clinical effectiveness.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.294-297
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• 2001

Sophorolipid, a biosurfactant produced from Candida bombicola ATCC 22214. showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Staphylococcus xylosus, Streptococcus mutans, and Propionibacterium acne at 4, 1, 1, 0.5 ppm as MIC(minimum inhibitory concentration). Also 100ppm of sophorolipid inhibited 50% of cell growth of plant pathogenic fungus. Botrytis cinerea. However, sophorolipid showed no effect on the Escherichia coli, indicating its selective antimicrobial activity depending on the cell wall structure. Treatment of B. subtilis with sophorolipid increased the leakage of intracellular enzyme, malate dehydrogenase, indicating the possible interaction of sophorolipid with cellular membrane. Between lactone-type and acid-type sophorolipid, the former showed higher antimicrobial activity.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2006

It is well known that glucocorticoid may induce osteoporosis as its side effect in long-term therapy. The inhibition of osteoblast by glucocorticoid is also recognized as its action mechanism of decreased bone formation. In this study, the effect of DSG, Danchisoyosangamibang, on the differentiation and function of osteoblastic cells was investigated. The osteoblastic cells were isolated from rat calvariae using collagenase treatment. The cell counting, enzyme activity assay, MTT assay, collagen content assay were done to determine the cell proliferation, intracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, bone martrix production, and cell apoptosis. DSG enhanced the cell proliferation after the culture for 10 days. ALP activity and total protein synthesis, and intracelluar collagen synthesis were increased time dependently when the cells were treated with DSG in the presence of dexamethasone. And, DSG restored calvarial cell function decreased by dexamethasone.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1101-1106
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• 2010

Pulsed electric field (PEF) of 1Hz, 1.5 kV, and 1ms increased the activities of catalase and inulinase over the whole range of applied Se concentrations compared with the non-treated cultures. A significant effect of selenium concentration (in the range of 5-14 ${\mu}g/ml$) on both intra- and extracellular enzyme activities was noted. At a Se concentration of 10 ${\mu}g/ml$, the activities of intra- and extracellular inulinases and extracellular catalase in the PEF-treated cultures reached the maximum of 71 U/g d.m., 46 U/g d.m., and approx. 8 U/ml, respectively. The maximum activity of intracellular catalase of approx. 6 U/ml (with and without PEF) was recorded at 5 ${\mu}g$ Se/ml. Further increasing of selenium concentration caused a decrease in the activity of the enzymes.

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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• pp.352-352
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• 2006

Corynebacterium glutamicum, which is well known as an amino acid fermentation bacterium, has been used as a producer of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)]. P(3HB) was synthesized in recombinant C. glutamicum harboring the expression plasmid vector with a strong promoter for cell surface protein gene derived from C. glutamicum and P(3HB) biosynthetic gene operon derived from Ralstonia eutropha. The expression of P(3HB) synthase gene was detected by enzyme activity assay. Intracellular P(3HB) was microscopically observed as inclusion granules and its content was calculated to be 22.5 % (w/w) with molecular weight of $2.1{\times}10^{5}$ and polydispersity of 1.63.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2011

The present study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of fermented Liriope platyphylla extract on the production of inflammation-related mediators (NO, ROS, NF-${\kappa}B$, iNOS and COX-2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Freeze-dried Liriope platyphylla was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and extracted with 70% ethanol. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage cells, the treatment with fermented Liriope platyphylla extract decreased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species dose-dependently and increased antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Fermented Liriope platyphylla extract also inhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. The expressions of NF-${\kappa}B$, iNOS, COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines were inhibited by the treatment with fermented Liriope platyphylla extract. Thus, this study shows the fermented Liriope platyphylla extract could be effective at inhibiting the inflammation process.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2003년도 Annual Meeting of KSAP : International Symposium on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences on Obesity
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• pp.69-69
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• 2003

There are now increasing evidences that free radicals and reactive oxygen species are involved in a variety of pathological events. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are produced during normal cellular function. ROS lead to lipid peroxidation, massive protein oxdiation and degradation. Under normal conditions, antioxidant are substnaces that either directly or indirectly protect cell against adverse effect of ROS. several biologically important compound include ${\beta}$-carotene, taruine and flavonoids reported have antioxidant function. The various antioxidant either scavange superoxide and free radicals or stimulate the detoxification mechanisms within cells resulting in increased detoxification of free radicals formation and thus in prevention of many pathophysiologic processes. This study carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity of flavonoids, myricetin with other antioxidants, ${\beta}$-carotene and taurine on B16Fl0. In order to investigate the efficacy of antioxidant activity, we measured cell viability, antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, GPX, CAT) and intracellular reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI). In this results, we show that these flavonoids with other antioxidant substrates are increased antioxidant activity level.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2015

Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans encounters a variety of host defense factors produced in oral cavity. Nitric oxide (NO) and NO-mediated reactive nitrogen species are potential antimicrobials of innate immunity that can threaten the fitness of S. mutans in their ecological niches. Streptococcal strategies to detoxify cytotoxic NO, which allow S. mutans to persist in caries or other environments of the oral cavity, remain unknown. In this study, we directly measured NO consumption rates of S. mutans isolated in Korea. Surprisingly, all S. mutans strains were unable to consume exogenous NO efficiently, while an intracellular parasite Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing the NO-metabolizing enzyme flavohemoglobin consumed most of the NO. This result suggested that S. mutans has alternative detoxification systems for tolerating NO-induced nitrosative stresses.