• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.159-165
• /
• 2002

Recently, we reported (korean J. Biomed. Lab. Sci., 6(4): 245-251, 2000) that cyclohexane (l.56 g/kg of body wt., i.p.) administration led to lung injury in rats. However the detailed mechanism remain to be elucidated. This study was designed to clarify the mechanism of lung damage induced by cyclohexane in rats. First, lung damage was assessed by quantifying bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) protein content as well us by histopathological examination. Second, activities of serum xanthine oxidase (XO), pulmonary XO and oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes. XO tope conversion (O/D + O, %) ratio and content of reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined. In the histopathological findings, the vasodilation, local edema and hemorrhage were demonstrated in alveoli of lung. And vascular lumens filled with lipid droplets, increased macrophages in luminal margin and increased fibroblast-like interstitial cells in interstitial space were observed in electron micrographs. The introperitoneal treatment of cyclohexane dramatically increased BAL protein by 21-fold compared with control. Cyclohexane administration to rats led to a significant rise of serum and pulmonary XO activities and O/D + O ratio by 47%,30% and 24%, respectively, compared witれ control. Furthermore, activities of pulmonary oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase, and GSH content were not found to be statistically different between control and cyclohexane-treated rats. These results indicate that intraperitoneal injection of cyclohexane to rats may induce the lipid embolism in pulmonary blood vessel and lead to the hypoxia with the ensuing of oxygen free radical generation, and which may be responsible for the pulmonary injury.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.163-165
• /
• 2001

A patient,58 years of age, with suspected 0/l pneumoconiosis since 1993, complained of a dry cough and exertioning dyspnea for 6 months. He had worked in an asbestos company for more than 20 years from 1974. He was subsequently diagnosed with an interstitial lung disease during an annual special health check-up for asbestos workers. h chest X-ray showed an interstitial lung disease and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed a round opaque asbestosis with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. A pulmonary function test indicated that the patient had a mild restrictive lung disease with FEV1 1.67 litters and 82% FEVl/FVC. The bronchoalveloar larvage fluid included many asbestos bodies, indicating previous exposure to asbestos. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) revealed many asbestos bodies consisting of mainly crocidolite fibers (6,071$\times$$10^6$fibers/g of dry lung). The patient had an unusually high asbestos content of 6,112$\times$$10^6$ asbestos fibers/9 of dry lung.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제65권4호
• /
• pp.323-327
• /
• 2008

전신성 홍반성 낭창은 자가 면역 질환으로 폐와 흉막을 침범하며, 드물게 다양한 형태의 간질성 폐질환을 일으킨다. 식도 이완 불능증은 식도 운동 질환으로 전신성 홍반성 낭창과 동반한 예는 아주 드물다. 전신성 홍반성 낭창에 속발한 식도 이완 불능증의 기전에 대해서는 향후 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 전신성 홍반성 낭창에서 간질성 폐렴과 식도 이완 불능증을 동반한 환자를 경험하였기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제47권6호
• /
• pp.843-849
• /
• 1999

저자들은 AIDS 환자에서 뉴모시스티스 카리니 폐렴과 유사한 임상소견과 방사선학적 소견을 보였으나, 기관지 폐포세척술과 경기관지 폐생검상 조직학적으로 비특이적 간질성 폐렴으로 확진된 1예를 경험하여 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제56권3호
• /
• pp.308-314
• /
• 2004

콜라겐은 실리콘에 비해 안전성이 높아 최근 들어 생체 대체조직 및 이식 재료로 사용이 증가되고 있으며 유전자 치료에서 전달물질로서 연구되고 있다. 콜라겐 주입술은 상대적으로 간단한 시술로 알려져 본 증례에서와 같이 무면허 의료시술자에 의한 주입술이 증가하고 있다. 저자들은 건강한 젊은 여성에서 atelocollagen을 주사 한 후에 발생한 미만성 폐포 출혈과 급성 간질성 폐렴 2예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 증례를 보고하는 바이다.

• Near Infrared Analysis
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 2001

A non-invasive spectroscopic method is presented for the measurement of pulmonary edema. Both early diagnosis and quantitative edema estimates were investigated. The spectroscopic determination of pulmonary edema involved the acquisition of diffuse reflectance spectra in the near-infrared (NIR) region with change in water concentration - water is the main constituent of edema fluid. Pulmonary edema was induced into the excised perfused lungs of seven animals by elevating the hydrostatic pressure. Estimates of edema were ascertained from a partial least squares regression of the measured spectral response. Actual edema was determined from the change (increase) in total lung weight. Estimates in relative lung weight increases due to in vitro edema were made with the near infrared spectra. The results revealed that fluid accumulation produced spectral changes in the O-H and C-H absorptions as well as scattering changes in the spectra. Histology of the lung was used to verify the presence or absence of interstitial and alveolar edema. Results demonstrated that near infrared spectroscopy might provide a new tool for clinical assessment of pulmonary edema.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.16-26
• /
• 2004

The object of this study is to develop a mathematical model of the hemodialysis system including the mechanism of solute kinetics, water exchange and also cardiovascular dynamics. The cardiovascular system model used in this study simulates the short-term transient and steady-state hemodynamic responses such as hypotension and disequilibrium syndrome (which are main complications to hemodialysis patients) during hemodialysis. It consists of a 12 lumped-parameter representation of the cardiovascular circulation connected to set-point models of the arterial baroreflexes, a kinetic model (hemodialysis system model) with 3 compartmental body fluids and 2 compartmental solutes. We formulate mathematically this model in terms of an electric analog model. All resistors and most capacitors are assumed to be linear. The control mechanisms are mediated by the information detected from arterial pressoreceptors, and they work on systemic arterial resistance, heart rate, and systemic venous unstressed volume. The hemodialysis model includes the dynamics of urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium in the intracellular and extracellular pools as well as fluid balance equations for the intracellular, interstitial, and plasma volumes. Model parameters are largely based on literature values. We have presented the results on the simulations performed by changing some model parameters with respect to their basal values. In each case, the percentage changes of each compartmental pressure, heart rate (HR), total systemic resistance (TSR), ventricular compliance, zero pressure filling volume and solute concentration profiles are represented during hemodialysis.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.65-69
• /
• 2005

A two-year-old male Laika weighing 19 kg and a two-year-old female Rottweiler dog weighing 33 kg were presented to the Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University. Chest radiographs showed miliary interstitial lung pattern in the overall lung fields and the ill-defined mass in the perihilar area, which is consistent with lymphadenopathy in both cases. In the tracheal wash fluid smears in two cases, 90% of cells were eosinophils. Also, Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from the tracheal wash fluid in Czapek's agar in one case. Ketoconazol (10 mg/kg, PO, ql2hr) alleviated the clinical signs in two dogs. Follow up radiographs showed marked reduction of lung lesions in one case.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.301-301
• /
• 1999

Austenitic stainless steels such as AISI 316L have been used in equipment in which fluid flows at high speeds which can induce cavitation erosion on metallic surfaces due to the collapse of cavities, where the collapse is caused by the sudden change of local pressure within the liquid. Usually AISI 316L is susceptible to cavitation erosion. This research focuses on developing a better material to replace the AISI 316L used in equipment with high speed fluid flow, such as impellers. The effects of Rare Earth Metal (REM) additions on the cavitation erosion-corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steels were studied using metallographic examination, the potentiodynamic anodic polarization test, the tensile test, the X-ray diffraction test and the ultrasonic cavitation erosion test. The experimental alloys were found to have superior mechanical properties due to interstitial solid solution strengthening, by adding high nitrogen (0,4%), as well as by the refinement of phases and grains induced by fine REM oxides and oxy-sulfides. Corrosion resistance decreases in a gentle gradient as the REM content increases. However, REM containing alloys show superior corrosion resistance compared with that of other commercial alloys (SAF 2507, AISI 316L). Owing to their excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, the alloys containing REM have high cavitation erosion-corrosion resistance.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.41-56
• /
• 1998

These experiment was carried out to investigate the pulmonary lesions and the function of alveolar macrophages in rats exposed to cement dusts. 1. The number of total cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BAL) increased remarkably in 1st month. As time goes by, tend to less and less in numbers. 2. The number of neutrophil and lymphocytes obtaining from the total cell of BAL increased remarkably in first month, but as time goes by, they tended to grow less and less in number. Macrophages decreased gradually after being temporarily augmentation. 3. Histipathologically, the thickening of alveolar walls, alveolar interstitial, and infiltrated macrophages containing cement dusts.