• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1673-1679
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fruit set internode on the germination of watermelon seeds. Generally fruits setted in higher than 20 internode were high percent of germination, fruit setted in low internode(5-10) is low. The higher fruit-set internode, fruit weight was significantly increased, but 1,000 seed weight was decreased the more fruit set internode. However number of seed was about 300 seeds irrespective of fruit-set internode. Investigating viability of seed by BP test, general percent germination was recorded highest at 5 flower cluster above 20 internode of fruit-set internode. In contrast, condition of fruit setted on 3, 4, 6 flower cluster were high percent of germination, regarded as unnormal germination not to be as normal seedling by 2~3%. Seed harvested at 5 flower-cluster had high viability on hypocotyl height and diameter of seedling through early growth test, but were not significant. Therefore 5 flower-cluster was optimum fruit-set internode to obtain high-quality seed.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2006

A natural, tidal-flat clone of Zoysia sinica was studied to compare ramet growth properties in central area with in peripheral area. In new stolon and rhizome, internode length, weight, shoot height and weight, and spike production were monitored on July 25, 2004. The weight/height rate of shoot between stolon and rhizome, the shoot/stolon (or rhizome) rate in weight between central and peripheral area were not different. However, other properties differed in stolon from rhizome or between central and peripheral area significantly differed: 1. The rhizome in central area had a larger node number, shorter internode length, higher shoot height, larger shoot biomass, and higher rate of non-shoot nodes than that in peripheral area. 2. The stolon in central area had a smaller node number, shorter internode length, and smaller biomass than that in peripheral area. 3. In the same area, the rhizome had a larger node number (except for central area), shorter internode, higher shoot height, larger shoot biomass, higher rate of non-shoot node, and higher rate of node having over two shoots than the stolon. No relationship could be found between shoot size and spike production in shoot on vertical rhizome (lower node of old shoot).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.356-361
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• 1984

The experiment was carried out in order to investigate the development of vascular bundles and air spaces of rice internode, and its relationships to the panicle characteristics of rice varieties. The results obtained were as follows; The number of total vascular bundles in upper 1st internode was significantly different among varieties, but there was no remarkable differences among varieties and nodal positions below the 2nd internode. In the 5th internode 21-31 air spaces according to varieties was developed, however, no air space was found in upper 1st and 2nd internodes at maturing stage. Significant varietal difference of air space was observed in upper 4th internode. The number of vascular bundles, internodal thickness were positively correlated with panicle length, the number of rachis branches, and the spikelets in rice varieties.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2018

Bamboo culm comprises internodes and nodes and is tapered from the bottom to the top. Anatomically, bamboo culm comprises vascular bundles and parenchymal base tissue. The gross anatomical structure of a transverse section of any culm internode is determined by the shape, size, arrangement, and number of vascular bundles. The purpose of this research was to examine the morphology of culm and the distribution and shape of vascular bundles in Ampel bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris). Bamboo culms were harvested from the base. Test samples were obtained from a central 2-cm long segment of each internode across the entire length of the culm. Results showed an uneven spread of vascular bundles in the internode cross-section. Transitioning from the outer to the inner layer of the internode, the number of vascular bundles per unit area decreased and their shape was variable. The size of vascular bundles in the middle layer of the internode was greater than that of those in the outer and inner layers. The shape of vascular bundles was circular in the outer layer, which gradually transformed into vertical oval toward the middle layer and horizontal oval toward the inner layer. Vascular bundles were of type III and IV in the bottom of the culm and type III in the middle to the top of the culm.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 1989

This experiment was conducted to study the physiological and ecological responses of agronomic characters related to source and sink relation in rice. Standard deviation and coefficient of variability of agronomic characters by individual tiller were greatly influenced by the lower internodes in the length of internode, flag leaf in the leaf blade, lower leaf blade in the leaf width, and the number and spikelets of secondary rachis branch in panicle. In relation to the parts of source and sink of rice plant and the number of spikelet in panicle, the number of spikelet was significantly correlated with the length and leaf area of second leaf blade, the length of second internode, and culm diameter of third internode. The correlation of the length of panicle with the length of internode and leaf blade was greatly influenced by the length of second leaf blade and second internode. The number of spikelet was increased with increasing the second rachis branch rather than first rachis branch. The content of total inorganic nutrients was greatest at leaf blade followed by leaf sheath and internode, and panicle.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.245-249
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• 1995

The number of immature spikes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L) were studied to determine if there could be existed the significant difference among 5 varieties of barley and wheat each. Heritability of 6 characters including the number of immature spikes have also calculated. Correlation between the immature spikes and 5 other characters were also investigated. There were significant difference among 5 varieties of barley and wheat in the number of immature spikes. Heritability estimated were very high in case of number of immature spikes of barley and that of wheat was high. There were highly significant correlation between the number of immature spikes of barley and number of internode and significant correlation between the number of immature spikes and flag leaf. However, in wheat no correlations were found among the 5 characters in wheat and between the number of immature spikes and number of internode were negative.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1987

For some basic information in tobacco breeding, the modes of inheritance and heritabilities for the twelve agronomic and chemical characters were estimated in the study of eight varieties partial diallel set. Additive gene actions were significant for all characters except total nitrogen content and dominance gene effects were also significant for all characters. Yield, number of leaves per plant, leaf length and leaf shape index were inherited as partial dominance, and overdominance was detected for plant height, stem diameter, internode length, total alkaloid, total nitrogen and total sugar content. Dominant gene showed increasing effects in yield, plant height, stem diameter, internode length, leaf width and total sugar content, but showed decreasing effects in the other characters. The broad heritability was very high for all characters. and the narrow heritability was high in days to flower and yield, but low in internode length, total alkaloid, total nitrogen and total sugar content.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2009

The correlation and combining abilities related with plant spreading characteristics of plant height, plant width, stem length, internode length, number of stem, number of leaves, and number of flower were studied in the $F_1s$ of 10 crosses from the partial five-parent diallel cross in Petunia hybrida. The plant width showed highly positive correlation with internode length, and number of flower. The mean squares of general combining ability(GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA) were highly significant for plant width, number of stem, number of leaves, and number of flowers. The mean square values of GCA were greater than those of SCA for all the characters, showing preponderance of additive gene actions for these characters. The lines of D and I for plant width and length of stem showed relatively high GCA effects. The crosses of $D{\times}I$, $F{\times}I$, and $G{\times}I$ exhibited high SCA effects on plant width, especially $G{\times}I$ effected in internode length and number of flower. The broad sense heritability was generally high compared to narrow sense one. Plant width and stem length, and internode length related to spreading growth showed the higher heritability than the other characters in the broad and narrow sense.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

Fifty accessions in Zoysia species and forty-one hybrid lines were evaluated in order to detect analyze the genectic variation of Zoysiagrasses and to obtain the basic information for breeding. 1.Plant height ranged from 13 to 34.5cm, leaf length from 7 to 26cm, leaf width from 2 to 7mm, and first leaf height from 1.1 to 8.5cm 2. The correlations among plant height, leaf length and first-leaf height were high, but leaf Width was correlated only With leaf length. 3. Stolon length was varied from 10 to 108cm, number of stolons from 12 to 53, internode length from 2 to 6.1cm and coverage percentage from 10 to 90%. 4.There were correlation among stolen length, number of stolons, internode length and coverage percentage except between stolen and internode length. 5.M1J and MC2 showed the highest level in stolen length, number of stolons and coverage percentage. Therefore they will be the best breeding materials for the purpose of fast covering. 6.According to the analysis on October 26, 1995, yellow color-change rate of leaves ranged from 5 to 85%, red color-change from 0 to 75% and sum of yellow and red change from 20 to 95%. Speciallty M2M1 and FL-41 kept green color untill early December, indicating that they had the late dormancy. 7. Visual assessment of stolon length and number of stolons, showed similar tendency With actually measured data. 8. Shoot density was very high in M2M1 and S2, and showed negative correlation with leaf width. 9. It is known in Korea that the darker green color of lawngrass is, the better it looks. There were 11 lines with dark green color leaves such as J 85-10, Meyer in Z. japonira, one asacession in Z. matrella and M2M1, M2S8, JM2, 55C2 in hybrid lines.

• Plant Resources
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.92-96
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• 2001

seeding rates(1.5,2.0,3.0 and 3.5$\ell$/10a). There were no differences in the yield components such as length of stem and ear diameter of stem number of branch, internode and ear, and yield of fresh and dry stem between the seeding methods with drilling and broadcasting, but yield components such as length of stem and ear, diameter of stem, number of branch, internode and ear, and yield of fresh and dry stem increased with seeding rates of from 2.5$\ell$ /10a to 3.5$\ell$/10a. Therefore potimum rates and methods of sowing were from 2.5$\ell$/10a to 3.5$\ell$/10a with seeding at the drilling and broadcasting.