• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 1993

This study was carried out to ascertain the flowering and boiling habits in conditions of vinyl mulched cultivation. The effects of vinyl mulching cultivation in cotton was early flowering. The flowering period was no more than 26 days and shedding of flower bud was lower. The total boll setting rate to flower number was about 38%. The number of flowering plants was rapidly increased until Aug. 8, then later was decreased, the period of the highest flowering occured was for 5 days from Aug. 6 to Aug. 10. Boll setting was increased that the flowers opened before July 30, then the later flowers was tended to decrease belling in spite of the increased flowering. However flower bud shedding had a tendency to decrease after the highest boiling period. The effect of weather, max. temperature and hours of sunshine on flowering days were highly positive significant correlation. Minimum temperatures, high air humidity and amount of rainfall had a negative significant correlation. The demanded days to flowering on the same internode in each fruiting branches was taken average 1.2 days, these days among the fruiting branches of the same internode was 3.6 days.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.186-190
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to ,determine trinexapac-ethyl [4-(cyclopropyl- $\alpha$ -hydroxy-me-thylene)-3,5-dioxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester] effects on lodging-related traits of rice varieties treated at different application rates and times. Trinexapac-ethyl WP was applied at the rate of 10, 20 and 30g ai/l0a to Heukjinjubyeo and Daeanbyeo, respectively. Effects of trinexapacethyl varied greatly with application time as well as application rate with little differences between rice varieties. As the application rate increased, lodging index, center of gravity and exsertion of panicle above flag leaf decreased, whereas breaking strength and phytotoxicity increased. Exsertion of panicle was greatly influenced by the application time with a little difference by application rate. The most effective application time of trinexapac-ethyl based on lodging index and total internode length (Ist-4th node) was 2DBH(days before heading) in Heukjinjubyeo and 17DBH in Daeanbyeo, resulting in reducing total internode length by 12.9 and 9.7cm, respectively. A significant reduction was found at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd internodes in Heukjinjubyeo, while at the 2nd and 3rd internodes in Daeanbyeo. No significant difference was found among treatments in the panicle length of both rice varieties but the panicle fresh weights of Daeanbyeo were significantly greater in all trinexapac-ethyl treatments compared with that of the control when measured 20 days after heading. Consequently, trinexapacethyl treatment significantly improved lodging-related traits of rice plants without affecting rice yield and yield components.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.118-127
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• 1973

Effects of nitrogen sources oi phosphorus sensitivity in soybeans were investigated using three nitrogen source ($NH_4-N,\;NO_3-N$ and urea) and six cultivars (Lee, Hill, R56-49, Harosoy, Clark-63 and Chippewa), differing in phosphorus sensitivity. Growth inhibition with ammonium or urea medium increased with phosphorus sensitivity indicating that the phosphorus sensitive cultivars are also sentitive to ammonium. The sensitive Clark-63 was inhibited two folds more than the tolerant Lee in ammonium medium. These results strongly suggest that phosphorus sensitivity is closely linked to nitrogen metabolism and ammonium toxicity. Nitrogen sources gave special morphorogical growth patterns (short internode-many branchs in $NO_3-N$, long internode-no branches in $NH_4-N$ and a low top to root ratio in urea) by affecting differently the growth of plant organs.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.108-112
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• 1998

This studies were conducted to investigate the effects of hexaconazole on growth of watermelon(Citrullus lanatus Schrad) and ethylene evolution from gourd(Lagenaria siceraria Standl). While foliar application of hexaconazole exhibited inhibition effect, little or no inhibition was found in the plants treated with soil drench application. The plant height and number of internode in watermelon were significantly inhibited at 7 days after treatment(DAT), but no significant difference was found at 42 DAT. No significant difference was found in site of female flower setting when treated with hexaconazole. The length of branch was significantly inhibited at the 2nd or the 3rd internode. It was suggested that the inhibition of stem elongation was related with application timing of the chemical. Hexaconazole increased ethylene evolution more effectively at earlier stage of gourd, but after 5 DAT ethylene evolution was decreased.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2007

An efficient regeneration system was developed using leaf, petiole, and internode explants. Highly embryogenic callus was obtained following cultivation on MS basal nutrient supplemented with 2 $mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D. Globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledon shaped somatic embryo were produced from the surface of embryogenic callus. Direct shoot regeneration without intermediate callus formation has been achieved on MS medium supplemented NAA and BAP. The percentage of response varies with different concentration of auxin and cytokinin treated individually or in combination. The best shoot regeneration response (54.28%) and number of shoot per explant (12.67) were achieved on the medium supplemented with 0.1 $mg/{\ell}$ NAA and 1 $mg/{\ell}$ BAP. The regenerated shoot transformed into young plant when cultured into elongation and root induction medium. More than 90% of in vitro propagated plants could survive when transferred to the greenhouse for acclimation. This optimized regeneration system can be used for rapid shoot proliferation and genetic transformation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.383-390
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• 1993

This experiment was carried out in the green house at Tokyo University of Agriculture in 1992 to investigate the relationship between lodging resistances and specific morphological characters and to examine the effects of nitrogen top-dressing and growth retardant on changes of the endogenous ethylene content in rice plant. Inabenfide did not affect significantly yield, yield component, chlorophyll content, and $CO_2 assimilation but, decreasing plant height when growth regulators were applied at booting stage, decreasing internode elongation, and increasing culm thickness and diameter of the third and fourth internode. While, nitrogen top-dressing usually showed to effect increasing vegetative growth such as plant height, tiller number, and morphological characteristics but, were not significantly affected the chlorophyll content and $CO_2 assimilation. Ethylene evolution was dramatically changed with nitrogen top-dressing and growth retardant. Application of Inabenfide at 15 days before heading inhibited ethylene evolution in the all nitrogen levels. Higher nitrogen top-dressing showed higher ethylene evolution than that of low nitrogen level. High positive correlation was detected between nitrogen application and ethylene evolution.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2004

We investigated the effect of infection time of CGMMV on the growth and quality of watermelon and cucumber plants. The effect (damages by CGMMV) was estimated on the watermelon where CGMMV had been inoculated at different growth stages, vegetative (transplanting stage, vegetative growth stage) and reproductive growth stage (fruiting stage and fruit hypertrophy stage). In the case of cucumber, CGMMV was inoculated at transplanting stage and Erst flowering stage, respectively. When watermelon was infected with CGMMV at vegetative growth stage, vine length, internode length, leaf area, and fruit weight of the plants largely decreased compared with control plants, while the infected plant growth was not very different from control plants when it was infected at reproductive growth stage. Brix of the fruit of watermelon also decreased when the plants was infected with the virus earlier than fruiting stage. The occurrence of 'Pisubag', internal discoloration and decomposition of watermelon fruits, tended to be increased as earlier infection time with CGMMV In the case of cucumber infection time with CGMMV did not influence earlier growth of the plants, but did later growth showing that plant height, vine length, internode length, number of leaf, leaf wide, and leaf length of the plants decreased as infection time became to be earlier.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.232-236
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• 1994

The term underground stem is not used correctly as mesocotyle that is the first internode of barley, wheat and rye. Mesocotyle does not elongate and it remain in the seed in case of these crops. The elongated stem is second internode of these crops and not mesocotyle but rhizome or underground stem. The node on which the underground stem is attached is coleoptile node and coleptile is attached here. The objective of this study was to determine if the depth of sowing affect the coleoptile length and plant height. The deeper sowing caused the longer coleoptile length and plant height. Coleoptile length and plant height of 2cm depth of sowing showed significant difference with 6cm and 10cm depth of sowing in barley and wheat. Variation of these two characters were high in rye and corn because these crops were both heterogeneous due to out crossing. All the varieties of 4 crops showed significant correlation between coleoptile length and plant height. Chilbohomil showed highly significant correlation between two characters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 1985

The present studies were carried out to obtain some basic informations of the breeding of tobacco varieties. Genetically divergent 8 varieties, 3 flue-cured, 2 burley and 3 sun-cured tobaccos, were used in half diallel cross. In order to analyze the heterosis, combining abilities, modes of inheritance and correlations for some agronomic and chemical characters, 8 parents and 28 $F_1$ were tested. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The percentages of heterosis for stem diameter, internode length and total sugar content in $F_1$ hybrid were 3.6%, 3.1% and 10.6%, whereas these for days to flower, total alkaloids and leaves per plant were -6.3%, -6.9% and -5.0%, respectively. Yield had significant positive genotypic correlations with plant height, days to flower and leaf length, but negative with internode length and total sugar content. It also had significant prositive phenotypic correlations with plant height, days to flower, leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width and leaf shape index (Leaf length/leaf width). General (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) for all characters of $F_1$ hybrid were significant. The effects of GCA were positive on yield, plant height, stem diameter, leaves per plant and days to flower of Burley 21. And those were positive on yield, leaf shape index and plant height, but negative on leaves per plant and total nitrogen of Hicks. The effects of SCA for yield and leaves per plant were greater than those of others on the combinations of Coker 139 and Burley type, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2007

Robinia pseudoacacia var. umbraculifera, commonly called umbrella black locust were regenerated after co-cultivation of internode segments with Agrobacterium tumefaciens which included yeast cadmium factor 1 (YCF 1) gene. The tolerance to cadmium and lead for plants can be increased by the YCF1 gene expression. Moreover, the recent studies have shown that YCF1 gene transgenic plants increase the accumulation of cadmium and lead into plant vacuoles. The effect of plant growth regulator such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), ${\alpha}$-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 6-benzyladenine (BA), and thidiazuron (TDZ) were studied to evaluate the propagation of plants through internode explants. The efficient induction of multiple adventitious shoots and callus were observed on a medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L TDZ + 0.2 mg/L BA. To induce shoot elongation and rooting, regenerated shoots were transferred into basal MS medium without any plant growth regulator. Successful Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation was obtained by 20 min vacuum-infiltration with $50{\mu}M$ acetosyringone on the optimal multiple shoot induction medium with 30 mg/L hygromycin and 300 mg/L cefotaxime. To confirm the integration and expression of transgene, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) were performed with specific primers. The frequency of transformation was approximately 18.94%. This study can be used to genetic engineering of phytoremediator.