• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.917-925
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between consumer's perceived risks and return behavior on internet clothing shopping. Questionnaires were distributed to the consumers, total 517, males and females, aged from 20 to 39, who had experience of clothing purchasing through internet shopping malls. The results showed that consumer's return factors related to the perceived risks on internet shopping process. The results were as follows. First, factors of perceived risks in internet clothing shopping were categorized into product performance, account-related, delivery, economic, and social psychological risk. 5 consumer types of perceived risk were segmented by low-perceived risk group, product performance/delivery-perceived risk group, account related-perceived risk group, harmony with oneself/account related-perceived risk group, and harmony with others/economic-perceived risk group. Second, the consumer's perceived risks on internet shopping process affected one's return behavior. The factors of return was differentiated on the types of consumer's perceived risk. The relation between consumer's perceived risks and return behavior on internet clothing shopping was significant. Therefore company had better draw various strategies to manage consumer's perceived risk, in order to reduce the returns and improve consumer's satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.746-757
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the internet perceived risk segments in regard to clothing benefits sought, internet shopping attitude, and internet purchase intention. The subjects used for the study were 210 male and 338 female college students. The internet perceived risk consisted of size/defect risk, social psychological risk, privacy risk, delivery risk, and price risk. The clothing benefits sought had impression improvement, fashion, individuality, figure flaws compensation, and comfort factors. The results showed that consumers were segmented by four groups based on internet perceived risk factors : 1) privacy risk group, 2) size risk group. 3) low risk group, and 4) price/social psychological risk group. The four segmented groups differed in regard to clothing benefits sought, internet shopping attitude, and internet purchase intention. For example, in regard to clothing benefits sought, the price/social Psychological risk group sought fashion more than other groups. The low risk group considered figure flaws compensation benefit less important than other groups. Concerning internet shopping attitude, the low risk group had more favorable altitude toward trust, safety, diversity, exchange/return attributes of internet shopping than other groups. The privacy risk group had more favorable attitude toward convenience and price attributes of internet shopping. Regarding internet purchase intention, the low risk group had higher intention to purchase formal, casual, and sportswear. The size risk group had higher intention to purchase fashion accessories. Further group differences and implications of the results were discussed.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2009

In information systems, "trust" and "risk" have been explored by a few trust-related research studies before, but as two separate issues. The way in which these studies have been designed, however, does not help clarify the relationship between trust and risk since they are studied as unconnected determinants of trusting behavior in electronic commerce. As such, this research attempts to examine and specify the relationships among the core constructs surrounding the issue of trust such as risk and trusting behavior. The context of Internet banking adoption is used to develop a conceptual model that incorporates the direct effects of trust and perceived risk on trusting behavior as well as the mediation of the relationship between trust and trusting behavior by perceived risk. The findings show that perceived risk mediates the relationship between trust and trusting behavior. Specifically, trust in the Internet as a banking medium significantly influences the adoption of Internet banking both directly and indirectly through perceived risk of Internet banking. Trust that the bank will not take advantage of consumers significantly influences the trusting behavior through perceived risk of Internet banking. This study, thus, extends research on trust in e-commerce by simultaneously examining the influence of trust and perceived risk on e-commerce adoption.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the types of perceived risk of Internet shopping and the impact of perceived risk on purchasing behavioral intention of Internet shopping mall shoppers. A self-administrated questionnaire was e-mailed to INR research (www.inr.co.kr) panel who had purchasing experience of fashion product through Internet shopping mall. The perceived risk was reduced when the innovativeness increased and purchasing experience in Internet shopping mall increased. The financial risk had an effect on purchasing intention, and social/psychological risk had impact on revisiting intention and word-of-mouth intention negatively. The performance risk perception had significantly negative influence on word-of-mouth intention. Internet using time per week, purchasing experience and Internet innovativeness were positive impact on purchasing behavioral intention of Internet fashion product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.5 s.142
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• pp.637-648
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences among internet and TV home-shopping perceived risk segments in regard to clothing shopping orientations and purchase intention. The subjects used for the study were 290 female consumers aged from 20 to 40 living in Seoul. The study used factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, and $\chi^2-test$. The results showed that the Internet and TV home-shopping perceived risks consisted of 9 factors: Products uncertainty risk, Internet shopping mall trust risk, account-related risk, delivery risk, social risk, size risk, exchange/return risk, TV watching-related risk, and price risk. The cluster analysis showed that there were five groups segmented: Size risk/TV watching risk group, Social risk/Internet trust risk group, Return risk/TV watching low-risk group, Delivery risk/product trust group, and Product risk group. The clothing shopping orientations were classified by 5 factors: Planned shopping, pleasure shopping, sales/fashion oriented shopping, time saving shopping, and credit card preference/in-store oriented shopping. The results showed that the five segmented perceived risk groups differed in regard to clothing shopping orientations, purchase intention, and demographics. Further group differences and implications of the results were discussed.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.23
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• pp.135-156
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• 2007

The aims of this study are to determine if the perceived risk of e-commerce affect the Internet shopping mall users' decision to pre-purchase an item via e-commerce, to find out if there are differences among the induced perceived risk according to gender, and to verify if the perceived risk according to gender have a correlation to a person's decision to pre-purchase an item via e-commerce. It can thus be concluded that the pre-perceived risk of e-commerce affect the Internet shopping mall users' purchase intention. Different results were obtained, though, according to gender. Moreover, the perceived risk of e-commerce based on gender and the purchase intention of the Internet shopping mall users were shown not to have a correlation. This means that although slightly different study results were presented, e-commerce purchasers can use these results to recognize the risk of e-commerce.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1247-1257
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• 2001

The objectives of the study were to examine apparel purchasing behavior in internet shopping malls and the level of perceived risk when internet users purchase online. For this research, 15,000 internet users were given questionaries via E-mail, or special website online. The sum of 1958 questionaries were used for statistical analyses. Using, SAS package, factor analysis, Crobach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, $\chi$$^2$-test, frequency and multi-response analysis were performed. As the results, 19% out of internet users had bought apparel products through internet shopping malls. Men had more purchasing experiences in apparels as well as general products than women. Among apparel products, T-shirts/shirts were purchased the most by internet shoppers. For perceived risks, 6 factors(quality risk, time/convenience risk, size and appearance risk, privacy risk and social/psychological risk) were investigated for this study. The level of perceived risk was lower when people had a purchasing experience in internet shopping mall than when they didn't. The level of perceived risk was lower when people had purchasing intend about apparels than when they didn't. Based on these results, marketing strategies will be suggested.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to investigate component of service quality and to determine significant factors on the service quality and buying intention of internet apparel shopping mall. The data were collected from 212 female adults using questionnaire. Using SPSS package, Cronbach's α, factor analysis, and multiple repression analysis were performed. The results could be summarized as follows. 1. The service quality of internet apparel shopping mall was perceived as reliability, advantage, responsibility, product assortment, tangibles, and rapidness. 2. For perceived risk, privacy risk, economic risk, delivery risk, size risk, and quality risk were investigated. The perceived risk except economic risk and web search ability had an effect on the service quality of internet apparel shopping mall. 3. The most of perceived risk, web search ability, and advantage of the service quality had an effect on the shopping intent of the internet apparel shopping mall. Based on the these results, marketing strategies were suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.5 s.219
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• pp.79-87
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether service quality and perceived risk have an effect on purchase intention and satisfaction of the fashion merchandise in internet shopping malls. To this end, a survey was conducted from June 20 to July 30 in 2005, among married women aged in their 20s and 30s, on their purchase experience of fashion merchandise from internet shopping malls. The survey was conducted over the internet with 306 subjects. The statistical analysis methods were frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis. First, the service quality factors were determined to be reliability, responsibility, ease of transaction, order convenience, and site characteristics. Perceived risk factors were determined to be merchandise risk, information exposure risk, social psychological risk, and function risk. Second, service quality factors of responsibility, ease of transaction, order convenience, site characteristics and perceived risk factor of social psychological risk had an effect on internet purchase intention of the fashion merchandise. Greater site use convenience, lower price, simpler ordering, and lower social psychological risk were all positively correlated with higher internet purchase intention of fashion merchandise. Third, nice quality factors and social psychological risk had an effect on satisfaction degree in internet shopping.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.979-991
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of store loyalty for the Internet fashion shopping malls. As determinants, this study included self-image, perceived risk, and conformity. This study hypothesized that positive self-image influences the Internet fashion shopping mall loyalty through perceived risk and conformity. Regarding the relationship between perceived risk and conformity, this study hypothesized that perceived risk positively influences conformity. Using convenience sampling method, data were gathered by surveying university students living in Seoul. Two hundred forty four questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis, and factor analysis and path analysis were conducted using structural equation modeling in analyzing data. The results showed that positive self-image significantly influenced the internet fashion shopping mall loyalty indirectly by influencing perceived risk. The results also showed that perceived risk positively influenced conformity which positively influenced the internet fashion shopping mall loyalty.