• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.49
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• pp.111-137
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• 2011

UCP 600 Article 14(b), providing rules for the period of the examination of documents, is a radical reorganization of UCP Article 13(b). The provision changes the period of time to a maximum of five banking days instead of reasonable time. One of the critical problems giving rise to the difficulty in interpretation and application is the question of fact that there may be two possible conflicting options in determining the time of checking documents presented. The one doctrine is fixed time(safe harbor) standard, and the other is hidden reasonableness standard. This study analyzes which option should be adopted for the optimal application standard by welfare effect methodology using consumer surplus approach and suggests that safe harbor standard should be optimal solution to the determination of period of examination of documents presented in letter of credit regime.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2003

Spinning Rotor Gauge (SRG) has been used to transfer standard gauge for international comparison at the high vacuum standards. We calibrated a spinning rotor gauge by using dynamic calibration system (DCS) that was a national high vacuum standards system. And its uncertainties were evaluated with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), they were recognized ai A type uncertainty, B type uncertainty, combined Standard uncertainty, and expanded uncertainty. The combined standard uncertainties were $1.8007\times10^{-5}$ Pa ~ ~$4.8422\times10^{-5}$ Pa for this spinning rotor gauge.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.99-103
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• 2002

IEC 61800 is an international standard on adjustable speed electrical power drive systems, which consists of three parts. IEC 61800-1 and IEC 61800-2 apply to DC power drive systems and AC power drive systems, respectively, which include power conversion, control equipment, and also a motor or motors. IEC 61800-3 specifies EMC ( Electro Magnetic Compatibility ) requirements for adjustable speed AC or DC motor drives connected to main supplies up to AC 1,000 volts. This paper studies the standards related to EMC and the text summary of international standard IEC 61800-3 which is an EMC product standard including specific test methods.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.886-892
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• 2000

In this paper, surface transfer impedance measurement of RF cables according to IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission) Standard 96-1 is described and surface transfer impedance of a commercial RF cable is obtained from the measured voltage and scattering parameter with a triaxial fixture fabricated in the operating frequency range from 1 MHz to 30 MHz.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.07b
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• pp.1633-1635
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• 1994

This paper presents the development technology of standard resistor divider for full lightning impulse voltage. The ability of high voltage bulk power equipment to withstand lighting stroke is usually evaluated by means of full lightning impulse voltage. Lightning impulse voltage test has been essential to evaluate the insulation performance of electrical power apparatus. Recently International standard (IEC 60) on high voltage measurement techniques is being revised and requests a formal traceability of high voltage measurements. Therefore, general interest for this area has grown considerably during last years, and several international intercomparisions have been completed already worldwide, i.e. Europe, Japan, America etc.. In this viewpoint, we have also investigated the standard resistor divider with shield, which satisfies the IEC recommendation.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.504-507
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• 2002

In this paper, we proposed the formation of Hangul-International Phonetic Alphabet conversion table that also meets the standard Korean pronunciation rule. In Hangul, due to a phonetic value change phenomenon, notation and pronunciation are different. To do this, conversion table of notation-phonetic value is created, and conversion table of phonetic value-International Phonetic Alphabet notation are formed. As a result, the conversion table of International Phonetic Alphabet notation that accords with the standard Korean pronunciation has been formed, and it is proved by experiments that the result of conversion has no faults.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.227-243
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• 2003

ISBP(International Standard Banking Practice for the Examination of Documents under Documentary Letters of Credit) was approved in Rome in October 2002 and was published in January 2003. ISBP was already stipulated on the article 13(a) of UCP 500 as the basis of examination of documents. But there was no specific contents on what is ISBP. So, by using the ISBP of the ICC, bank practitioners can bring their practices in line with these followed by their colleagues worldwide. In this Article, the writer will compare with UCP 500 and ISBP and korea banks' practice and consider the possibility of conflict among them. To the conclusion, It is recommended to reestablish the relations between UCP 500 and ISBP. And It is also required to maintain the consistency in using the terms calculation the period and using the reserving wordings.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.21
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• pp.99-127
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• 2003

Legal sources of fraud rule in documentary letter of credit, which have their origin in Sztejn Case can be traced to various rules or laws of international or domestic level ; URCG, URDG and ISP98 as ICC Rules, and UNCITRAL Convention as an international uniform law, and UCC as a domestic law and U.K. cases. Among them the combination of "material fraud" in UCC ${\S}5-109$ and the detailed list of the types of misconduct in UNCITRAL Convention may provide the best solution or standard in real application of the fraud rule in letter of credit transaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.88-93
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• 2011

In order to ensure the safety, regularity and efficiency of air transportation, ICAO has established the international standards for air navigation systems since 1940s. In 1991, ICAO announced the concept of New CNS/ATM systems and recommended States to carry out the development of the sub systems as well as propose the standards due to many problems caused by service limitations and considerable errors from the conventional systems. As a result, international standards for 21 systems have been established. However, many problems have also been raised. In this paper the problems on new international standard establishment are analyzed and the measures to cure them are suggested.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.269-271
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• 2005

EMV was formed in February 1999 by Europay International, MasterCard International and Visa International to manage, maintain and enhance the EMV Integrated Circuit Card Specifications for Payment Systems as technology advances and the implementation of chip card programs become more prevalent. The formation of EMV ensures that single terminal and card approval processes are developed at a level that will allow cross payment system interoperability through compliance with the EMV specifications. A credit card environment of the domestic market adopted the standard Local-EMV to have the compatibility with EMV international standard and the EMV migration have been carried out b,# the step-by-step process. It may be possible to adopt various kinds of cryptographic algorithms, however, RSA public key algorithm is currently used. In this paper, as a public key algorithm for the authentication process, Elliptic Curve Cryptographic algorithm is applied to the EMV process. Implementation results is shown. and the possible changes necessary to accommodate Elliptic Curve Cryrtography is proposed.