• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2023

The article considers online discussion as an interactive learning method in the conditions of distance learning. The essence of discussion and the stages of its organization are described. The main objective of discussion in distance learning is defined as the stimulation of interest in learning and the involvement of various viewpoints in an active discussion of the stated problems. The key role in ensuring the efficiency of a discussion is identified. The article develops a model for organizing asynchronous online discussions on the Moodle platform, highlighting the sequence of stages and their content. An experimental study of the use of the discussion method in the training of students in distance learning conditions is carried out. Based on the results of the methodological experiment, conclusions are drawn about student interest in online discussions. The authors conclude that the interest of students of different specialties in asynchronous online discussions varies, and the greatest interest is demonstrated by linguistics students. Nevertheless, the differences in student interest in online discussions by groups (specialties) are more likely attributable to subjective factors, which do not affect the overall picture in a major way.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.133-152
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• 2013

Recently, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has made progress toward resolving low value, high volume disputes in international e-commerce. At the Working Group's 26th session, two draft procedural rules were addressed. The first discussed the draft of Article 9, entitled "Decision by a neutral party." This is based on the suggestion in 26th session to have a "two track" system of ODR, one including negotiation, facilitated settlement, and arbitration phrases, and the other not including an arbitration phase. The second draft procedural rule, draft Article 10, regards the language of proceedings. In most cases of international e-commerce, the decision of language of an ODR proceeding is a matter of importance, for the language parties could differ from each other. This paper examines several implications of UNCITRAL for Korea, which has unstable ODR system.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.31-66
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• 2018

This study investigates the mobilizing function of political agreement and disagreement in communition mediated by social media. Analyses of a survey found that reception of news consistent with individual political predispositions through social networking sites (SNS) positively related to political participation, whereas reception of counterattitudinal news was unrelated. Similarly, SNS- based discussion with politically agreeing others predicted political participation, whereas discussion with disagreeing people did not contribute to participation. Moreover, attitude-consistent news reception and agreement in political discussion had interactive influences, as the effects of attitude-consistent news on participation become stronger with increases in discussion with agreement. The results suggest that the mobilizing effects of social media mainly work through political agreement rather than disagreement in communication.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2023

Background: In the process of discussion on the possibility of using radionuclide-contaminated soil and debris generated by radiation disasters, a strategy for the proper management of radiation exposure protection while considering the source of the contaminated materials is necessary. Materials and Methods: The radiological protection criteria that are likely to be applied to the source-related approach based on the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommendations and the International Atomic Energy Agency safety standards are summarized. We proposed five interpretations of radiation protection to contribute to the promotion of discussion on the possibility of using a part of low-level-radionuclide-contaminated soil and debris in the post-accident rehabilitation. Interpretations I to III are based on the idea of "using a reference level to protect the public in post-accident rehabilitation," whereas IV and V are based on the idea of "using the dose constraint to protect the public in the post-accident rehabilitation when the sources are handled in a planned activity." The former idea is subdivided into three based on the definition of the source, which is managed by the reference level, and the latter idea is divided into two depending on whether or not additional dose from using contaminated materials is deemed acceptable. Results and Discussion: To confirm the applicability of the five interpretations presented, we suggested the concrete values of protection criteria via two feasible cases. In this case study, we proposed radiation protection by the dose constraint based on the Interpretation IV and chose 1 mSv/yr for the public and 20 mSv/yr for workers dealing with radionuclide-contaminated materials. Conclusion: We concretely and systematically demonstrated how the concept of radiation protection can be applied to the process of discussion on the possibility of using radionuclide-contaminated materials within the framework of an international system of protection. This study's findings can provide necessary information to discuss the possibility of using radionuclide-contaminated materials as an alternative option for recovery and reconstruction after a radiation disaster from the viewpoint of radiation protection.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.723-733
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• 2020

The study investigates the effects of online instructional facilitator's qualities on student performance of online class activities. The study explores the roles of instructional facilitators who may influence student performance of online class activities and their academic achievement. The study employs a set of aggregated data from 1,362 subjects and 10 facilitators who participated in multiple online classes. The results of independent samples t-test reveal that the student performance in online classes has no association with facilitators' educational background or academic degree, as well as demographic characteristics, student evaluation records and instructional achievement. The results of multiple regression analysis show that the facilitator engagement has a positive relation to the enhancement of student interaction, reading discussion messages, and the quality of discussion messages in online discussions. The results of correlation analysis show that the facilitator engagement has a positive impact on both increasing the number of reading discussion messages and enhancing the quality of discussion messages. The facilitator engagement increases the quantity of reading discussion postings and enhances the quality of discussion messages, which would be a substantial contribution to student performance by facilitators. The findings suggest that student performance and academic achievement in online classes are not independent of facilitator engagement.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.117-141
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• 2014

This qualitative study investigated different interaction patterns in an online discussion. The data was collected from asynchronous discussion occurred in a graduate course. The data analysis methods include inductive analysis and mapping strategy. The results of the study suggest three layers of interaction: response sequences, interaction amongst participants, and concept map of messages. The visualization of response sequences enabled the researcher to discover complex and dynamic interaction patterns amongst participants. The many-to-many communication feature of online discussion does not always enable direct one-on-one interaction between two participants. Rather, one message contributed to multiple threads in the stream of conversation. In terms of interaction amongst participants, the interaction amongst participants, as indicated in the data, the messages also bind each participant and consequently a group(s) of participants together. It appears that the contribution of one message may not only enable a response to one participant, but also connect many participants to each other. The concept map of messages proposes that response sequences and interaction amongst participants can also be viewed between concepts within messages in the discussion. On the surface, the messages posted by individuals are linked by the system in a linear fashion as they are posted. However, the interaction extends to collaborative conversation amongst participants. Ultimately, a conceptual network of interrelated ideas including multiple perspectives is built in asynchronous discussion.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

The study aims to reveal the differences in the factors influencing portal news and news site application usages on smartphones in regard to political discussion networks, news use across multiple media platforms and news genre consumption. The results demonstrate that those factors affected both types of application usages in a different manner when controlling for demographics. The more participants conversed politics with homogeneous networks, the more they used portal news on smartphones. Conversely, the more political discussion with heterogeneous networks, the more they used news site application on smartphones. The more frequently Internet and mobile phone were employed for news source and the more soft news genre was consumed, the more the portal news application was used. However, the more frequently traditional and social media were employed for news source and the more hard news consumed, the more news site application was used. The findings imply that portal news application users may increase their likelihood of soft news consumption using Internet and mobile phones for political discussion with close social relations, while news site application users may increase their likelihood of hard news consumption using traditional and social media for political discussion with distant social relations.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.123-126
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• 2011

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 창의⸱융합형 인재 양성을 위하여 토의중심 교수학습 모형을 개발하는 데 있다. 연구 방법은 토의중심 교수학습 모형 초안을 구안하고 전문가의 타당성 검증을 통해 모형을 최종 완성하였다. 도출된 최종안으로 수업 적용 타당성을 검증하여 최종안을 수정 보완하였다. 토의중심 교수학습 모형 초안과 비교해 볼 때 최종 모형은 직소 토의를 제외하고 텍스트 읽기 강조, 질문 방법, 질문생성 전략에 중점을 둔 모형이 개발되었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 토의중심 교수학습 모형은 창의⸱융합형 인재 양성을 위한 교수자에게 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다. 토의중심 교수학습 모형을 현장에 효과적으로 적용하기 위한 제언으로 첫째, 토의 시 경청과 존중의 자세가 필요하며, 둘째, 토의에 참여하는 학습자들의 능동적인 참여를 어떻게 끌어낼 것인가? 방안을 생각해야 하며, 셋째, 토의 시간 관리의 중요성을 강조하였다.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.123-142
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine how computer conferencing might facilitate collaborative learning for students to engage in meaningful discussion. The participants in this study consisted of the instructor and the students in a graduate level course. Different sources of evidence were used to triangulate the data: in-depth interviews, content analysis of transcripts of discussion, and other archival data including course syllabus, presentation materials, and lecture notes. Participants perceived web-based learning as collaborative process, providing opportunities to share the idea, respect and evaluate different perspectives, and co-construct new insights. Analysis of the data revealed several challenges related collaboration in a web-based learning environment: absence of a sense of community, technical problems, adaptability to different types of learner, and managing the discussion. The data also indicated that a variety of strategies were used to facilitate learning: building a sense of community, technical support, developing instructional methodologies, class size, and design of the content.