International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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v.8
no.3
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pp.45-49
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2007
A gearing system emits inconsistent noises from the impact of gear teeth when defects are present, but it is not easy for a noise inspector on a production line to distinguish defective products objectively. Since customers constantly complain about various noises from geared motors, it is desirable to devise an analytical technique to classify motors. However, it is difficult to separate inconsistent noises due to defective gears from the overall noise produced by a geared motor using a general signal processing method such as a FFT because low frequency impulse signals have a tendency not to appear in the frequency domain. In this paper, we propose a method that can be used to obtain more objective estimates and measurements of inconsistent noises from a gearing system. The proposed method makes use of the cepstrum domain with an applied autocorrelation and comb lifter, followed by a domain inversion.
Kim, Byeong-Sun;Lee, Yoon-Pyo;Yoon, Seong-Young;Lee, Jin-Ho
International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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v.6
/
pp.45-55
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1998
A theoretical and experimental study is performed to investigate the characteristics of ice slurry product. By diffusion-controlled evaporation model the possibility of ice slurry is theoretically anticipated. The water vapor evaporated from the surface of droplets is extracted continuously from the chamber by a vacuum pump. The droplet diameter is measured by silicon immersion method. The ice slurry is obtained by spraying droplets of ethylene glycol aqueous solution in the chamber where pressure is maintained under the triple point of water. The droplet with the diameter of 300 μmand the initial temperature of 20∘C was changed into ice particle within the chamber of 1.33m in height.
There are so much oil and gas reserves in Iran. Therefore extraction from these reserves and sell extracted oil and gas in international markets causes to high oil income for Iran. Especially in some years which oil price increases, our oil income was too high. In this paper, we want to reveal that, high oil income is not cause to rise of nonoil export. For this aim, we use from data of 1971-2013 and with Johansen co-integration test and Error Correction Model (ECM) extract short run and long run relations. Results of estimation reveal that in Iran high oil income is not cause to many non oil exports in long run and short run. Therefore, we should allocate oil income to import industrial machines and reallocate them to agriculture and industrial sectors which causes to raise national production which will cause to high non oil export. Then, in this condition, our needy exchanges are provided from non oil export and our dependence to oil income will be declined.
In, Man-Jin;Kim, Hye-Min;Jin, Hea-Jin;Kim, Dong-Chung;Oh, Nam-Soon;Chae, Hee-Jeong
Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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v.53
no.1
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pp.51-55
/
2010
A lactic acid bacterial strain showing fast growth and high acid production in Korean pear puree was isolated from Kimchi. This strain was analyzed by API 50 CHL kit and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and identified as Leuconostoc (Ln.) mesenteroides KACC 91495P. Korean pear puree was fermented using Ln. mesenteroides KACC 91495P strain at 30∘C for 18 h. The changes of pH, titratable acidity and viable cell number during fermentation were investigated. The pH and titratable acidity were reached to pH 3.86 and 1.09% after 18 h fermentation, respectively. The viable cell population of Ln. mesenteroides KACC 91495P was rapidly increased to 2.0×109CFU/g during the 9 h of cultivation. The contents of lactic acid, acetic acid and malic acid were determined to be 0.213, 0.259, and 0.217% after 18 h fermentation, respectively. The content of polyphenolic compounds, known as antioxidants, in pear puree were enhanced by Ln. mesenteroides KACC 91495P cultivation. The level of total polyphenolic compounds was increased to around 140% of initial concentration. When the fermented pear puree was kept at 4∘C, pH, titratable acidity and number of viable cells population were nearly maintained for 13 days.
Kim, Myungjin;Bae, Heekyung;Choi, Yeonki;Kim, Mi Kyoung;Koo, Hyun-Ju;Song, Sang-Hwan;Choi, Kwang-Soo
Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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v.14
no.5
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pp.347-353
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2005
The risk assessment is the qualitative or quantitative evaluation of the risk posed to human health and the environment by the actual or potential presence or release of hazardous substances, pollutants or contaminants. The environmental impact assessment (EIA) is assessed by the environmental criteria, and risk assessment is assessed by the risk rate. Risk rate based on dose-response values may not be easy to apply on regulatory basis like EIA for uncertainty. Internationally there is an example of OECD program. Risk assessment of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals has started since the OECD Program with the 1990 Council Act on the Co-operative Investigation and Risk Reduction of Existing Chemicals. These HPV chemicals include all chemicals produced or imported at levels greater than 1,000 tonnes per year in at least one Member country or in the European Union region. The SIDS called the Screening Information Data Set is regarded as the minimum information needed to assess an HPV chemical to determine whether any further work should be carried out or not. All the data elements of SIDS including assessment for environment and health are prepared as three formats of the full SIDS Dossier, the SIDS Initial Assessment Report (SIAR), and the SIDS Initial Assessment Profile (SIAP) of an HPV chemical. In 1998 the global chemical industry through the International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) has joined to work with OECD. The OECD has assessed approximately 1,000 chemicals from 1991 through 2004 with ICCA. Till the February of 2005, 592 chemicals of those chemicals completed SIDS reports. Member countries have been targeted the goal of 1,000 new chemicals from 2005 to 2010 and Korea shared 36 chemicals from the 1,000 new chemicals. Currently Korea has completed SIDS reports of 7 chemicals among sponsored 24 chemicals. In conclusion SIDS project will be linked to national program for outputs application with more reliable production. Both the OECD and industry will carry out their commitment to complete assessments for more and the remaining chemicals assessment. The major outputs will contribute to cope with international chemical management.
Park, Mi-Kyung;Park, Sunyoung;Kang, Dong-Jin;Li, Shanlan;Kim, Jae-Yeon;Jo, Chun Ok;Kim, Jooil;Kim, Kyung-Ryul
The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
/
v.18
no.1
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pp.40-46
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2013
The isotope ratios of 13C/12C and 18O/16O for a sample in a mass spectrometer are measured relative to those of a pure CO2 reference gas (i.e., laboratory working standard). Thus, the calibration of a laboratory working standard gas to the international isotope scales (Pee Dee Belemnite (PDB) for δ13C and Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (V-SMOW) for δ18O) is essential for comparisons between data sets obtained by other groups on other mass spectrometers. However, one often finds difficulties in getting well-calibrated standard gases, because of their production time and high price. Additional difficulty is that fractionation processes can occur inside the gas cylinder most likely due to pressure drop in long-term use. Therefore, studies on laboratory production of pure CO2 isotope standard gas from stable solid calcium carbonate standard materials, have been performed. For this study, we propose a method to extract pure CO2 gas without isotope fractionation from a solid calcium carbonate material. The method is similar to that suggested by Coplen et al., (1983), but is better optimized particularly to make a large amount of pure CO2 gas from calcium carbonate material. The CaCO3 releases CO2 in reaction with 100% pure phosphoric acid at 25∘C in a custom designed, evacuated reaction vessel. Here we introduce optimal procedure, reaction conditions, and samples/reactants size for calcium carbonate-phosphoric acid reaction and also provide the details for extracting, purifying and collecting CO2 gas out of the reaction vessel. The measurements for δ18O and δ13C of CO2 were performed at Seoul National University using a stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer (VG Isotech, SIRA Series II) operated in dual-inlet mode. The entire analysis precisions for δ18O and δ13C were evaluated based on the standard deviations of multiple measurements on 15 separate samples of purified CO2. The pure CO2 samples were taken from 100-mg aliquots of a solid calcium carbonate (Solenhofen-ori CaCO3) during 8-day experimental period. The multiple measurements yielded the 1σ precisions of ±0.01‰ for δ13C and ±0.05‰ for δ18O, comparable to the internal instrumental precisions of SIRA. Therefore, we conclude the method proposed in this study can serve as a way to produce an accurate secondary and/or laboratory CO2 standard gas. We hope this study helps resolve difficulties in placing a laboratory working standard onto the international isotope scales and does make accurate comparisons with other data sets from other groups.
Purpose - In Korea, there has been a recent trend that shows housing prices have risen rapidly following the International Monetary Fund crisis. The rapid rise in housing prices is spreading recognition of this as a factor in housing price volatility. In addition, this raises the expectations of housing prices in the future. These expectations are based on the assumption that a relationship exists between the current housing prices and expected housing prices in the real estate industry. By performing an empirical analysis on the validity of the claim that an increase in current housing prices can be correlated with expected housing prices, this study examines whether a long-term equilibrium relationship exists between expected housing prices and existing housing prices. If such a relationship exists, the recovery of equilibrium from disequilibrium is analyzed to derive related implications. Research design, data, and methodology - The relationship between current housing prices and expected housing prices was analyzed empirically using the Vector Error Correction Model. This model was applied to the co-integration test, the long-term equilibrium equation among variables, and the causality test. The housing prices used in the analysis were based on the National Housing Price Trend Survey released by Kookmin Bank. Additionally, the Index of Industrial Product and the Consumer Price Index were also used and were obtained from the Bank of Korea ECOS. The monthly data analyzed were from January 1987 to May 2015. Results - First, a long-term equilibrium relationship was established as one co-integration between current housing price distribution and expected housing prices. Second, the sign of the long-term equilibrium relationship variable was consistent with the theoretical sign, with the elasticity of housing price distribution to expected housing price, the industrial production, and the consumer price volatility revealed as 1.600, 0.104,and 0.092, respectively. This implies that the long-term effect of expected housing price volatility on housing price distribution is more significant than that of the industrial production and consumer price volatility. Third, the sign of the coefficient of the error correction term coincided with the theoretical sign. The absolute value of the coefficient of the correction term in the industrial production equation was 0.006, significantly larger than the coefficients for the expected housing price and the consumer price equation. In case of divergence from the long-term equilibrium relationship, the state of equilibrium will be restored through changes in the interest rate. Fourth, housing-price volatility was found to be causal to expected housing price, and was shown to be bi-directionally causal to industrial production. Conclusions - Based on the finding of this study, it is required to relieve the association between current housing price distribution and expected housing price by using property taxes and the loan-to-value policy to stabilize the housing market. Further, the relationship between housing price distribution and expected housing price can be examined and tested using a sophisticated methodology and policy variables.
Objective: Based on rapid advancement of genetic modification techniques, genomic editing is expected to become the most efficient tool for improvement of economic traits in livestock as well as poultry. In this study, we examined and verified the nickase of mutated CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) to modulate the specific target gene in chicken DF1 cells. Methods: Chicken myostatin which inhibits muscle cell growth and differentiation during myogenesis was targeted to be deleted and mutated by the Cas9-D10A nickase. After co-transfection of the nickase expression vector with green fluorescent gene (GFP) gene and targeted multiplex guide RNAs (gRNAs), the GFP-positive cells were sorted out by fluorescence-activated cell sorting procedure. Results: Through the genotyping analysis of the knockout cells, the mutant induction efficiency was 100% in the targeted site. Number of the deleted nucleotides ranged from 2 to 39 nucleotide deletion. There was no phenotypic difference between regular cells and knockout cells. However, myostatin protein was not apparently detected in the knockout cells by Western blotting. Additionally, six off-target sites were predicted and analyzed but any non-specific mutation in the off-target sites was not observed. Conclusion: The knockout technical platform with the nickase and multiplex gRNAs can be efficiently and stablely applied to functional genomics study in poultry and finally adapted to generate the knockout poultry for agribio industry.
Cho, Hye Jin;Im, Jun Su;Kwon, Yong Sam;Kang, Kyung Soo;Kim, Tae Min
Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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v.37
no.1
/
pp.27-33
/
2022
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a gastrointestinal disorder with diverse symptoms but no structural or organic manifestations. Benachio-F® (herein named 'BF-1') is an over-the-counter liquid digestive formulated with multiple herbal extracts, which has been reported to improve symptoms of FD. A total two experiments were conducted. First, we examined whether BF-1 can modulate the progression of FD through two experimental rat models. A total of three doses (0.3x, 1x, 3x of the human equivalent dose) were used. In the gastric emptying model, both 1x (standard) or 3x (3-fold-concentrated) BF-1 enhanced gastric emptying was compared with that of vehicle-treated animals. In a feeding inhibition model induced by acute restraint stress, treatment with 1x or 3x BF-1 led to a similar degree of restoration in food intake that was comparable to that of acotiamide-treated animals. Among the constituents of BF, fennel is known for its choleretic effect. Thus, we next investigated whether a novel BF-based formula (named 'BF-2') that contains an increased amount of fennel extract (3.5-fold over BF-1), has greater potency in increasing bile flow. BF-2 showed a superior choleretic effect compared to BF-1. Furthermore, the postprandial concentration of serum secretin was higher in animals pretreated with BF-2 than in those pretreated with BF-1, suggesting that the increased choleretic effect of BF-2 is related to secretin production. Our results demonstrate that BF-1 can modulate the pathophysiological mechanisms of FD by exerting prokinetic and stress-relieving effects, and that BF-2 has a better choleretic effect than BF-1.
As environmental issues are emerging, bio-plastic suppliers in leading countries have been foreseeing the strong needs for environment-friendly materials such as eco-packing materials due to increased attention and regulation on recycle. To catch up with the demand, various types of bio-plastics based on natural feedstocks were developed and released on a market. These bio-plastic products drew the great attention even in domestic industries. At present, international oil price fluctuation and heavy charge on waste raise the unit cost of production and disposal expense of conventional plastic materials. These conditions make bio-plastic an alternative, because it is not restrained by oil prices and problem in the disposal. It is also expected that bio-plastic will be applied to various types of products including containers, industrial supplies, disposables, and medical supplies. However, the bio-plastic is still in its infancy, thus more research and understanding should be followed to put it to application. Bio-plastic is considered as environment-friendly material with high potential which has the advantages of production and disposal.
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