• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.2731-2737
• /
• 2013

Background: This study evaluated the validity and reliability of applying the Katz's Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale in an Iranian sample of elderly oncologic patients following initial cancer treatment. Materials and Methods: The scale was translated with the forward-backward procedure to give an Iranian version. The ADL scale was then applied in a random sample of 400 oncologic patients aged 60 and older following initial cancer treatment. Assessment of the scale stability was twice, with a 14-days (two weeks) interval, to 30 (of the 400) eligible elderly cancer patients in March 2012. To measure treatment effects, the index was run with 150 patients in a three month recall, following oncology processing. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed for assessment of construct validity of the Katz's ADL. Reliability was measured with internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha co-efficient), and test/retest (Spearman's r value) of the instrument. Criterion validity was evaluated by comparing the Katz with Physical Function (PF) subscale of SF 36. Known-group validity was approved by comparing of Katz' ADL between quartile groups of PF subscale of SF 36. Results: In our study the ADL demonstrated a high degree of internal homogeneity (Cronbach's alpha 0.923). There was a high correlation between scores of two time measurement of Katz's ADL (p value of two- related- samples test was 0.3). Construct validity showed a correlation coefficient of 0.572 between the ADL and PF scores. In factor analysis, 2 factors were extracted. Evidence for the reliability of the questionnaire was good and known group validity was approved by significant differences of ADL score between quartiles of the PF subscale of SF36. Conclusions: The results suggest that the Iranian version of ADL applied for oncologic older adult patients following initial cancer treatment is a reliable and a valid clinical instrument and comparable to those reported in other studies.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제11권8호
• /
• pp.388-398
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 호텔기업 중간관리자를 연구대상으로 하여 조직몰입, 직무가치, 직무만족 그리고 충성도에 관한 실증분석을 시도하고 있다. 즉, 호텔 중간관리자들의 조직에 대한 충성도에 영향을 미치는 매개변수와 독립변수의 경합모형을 개발하여 이론적 실무적 시사점을 도출하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 분석 결과, 호텔중간관리자의 직무가치가 조직몰입과 직무만족간의 매개역할을 하지 않고 상호 독립적인 요인으로 작용하고 있었으며, 직무가치의 경로분석에서는 내재적 가치가 외재적 가치보다 높게 나타났다. 그리고 호텔중 간관리자들은 근속몰입을 하고 있으며 직무에 높은 만족도를 보이고 있음이 확인되었는바, 조직몰입과 충성도간의 직접적인 경로가 가장 높은 경로계수를 나타내어 깊은 상관관계가 있음이 확인되었다. 그러나 직무만족과 충성도간에는 정(+)의 인과관계가 존재하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 호텔기업 중간 관리자들은 경제적 안정성 때문에 직무몰입과 직무에 만족하기 보다는 전문성으로 대변되는 호텔리어의 내재적 가치에 직장의 의미를 두고 있으며, 조직몰입변수인 평생직장 소속감 자긍심이 인지될 때 충성도에 가장 민감한 영향을 준다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.321-327
• /
• 2006

This interlaboratory study was designed to evaluate protozoan test methods in water and to predict the major causes of deviation of the methods. Each of four laboratories with previous experience of protozoa analysis in water participated, and met the initial performance criteria of EPA 1623 method provided. The protozoan analysis procedure consists of filtrations, concentration, immunomagnetic separation, dyeing (staining) and counting with observation. We tested three different filtration equipments: capsule filter for 10 L of surface water, and high volume (HV) capsule filter and membrane filter for 100 L of finished water. When the recovery of each step of the procedure was evaluated with EasySeed, the commercial stock of each 100 Cryptosporidium and Giardia, immunomagnetic separation and filtration step were the most crucial steps affecting the stability of the recovery, especially for Cryptosporidium. There was no significant difference of recovery among the filtration methods. Recovery of protozoa from source water were evaluated with spiked EasySeed as matrix tests. The recoveries of Giardia increased significantly in the matrix tests compared those in the deionized water. We also applied red stained mixture stocks of Cryptosporidium and Giardia called ColorSeed as internal standards of water sample tests. The recoveries of both EasySeed and ColorSeed in samples tested were within the range of the criteria, however, the Giardia recoveries using ColorSeed decreased significantly. Further optimization study with ColorSeed will be necessary, considering the convenience of using the internal standard without additional sample analysis. The significant factors of the recovery variation were identified as the differences of laboratories as well as water quality and type of the stock for spiking. The results of this study emphasize the importance of the quality assurance program for protozoan analysis lab in water.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국독성학회 2006년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 2006

Modem drug discovery requires rapid pharmacokinetic evaluation of chemically diverse compounds for early candidate selection. This demands the development of analytical methods that offer high-throughput of samples. Naturally, liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is choice of the analytical method because of its superior sensitivity and selectivity. As a result of the short analysis time(typically 3-5min) by LC-MS/MS, sample preparation has become the rate- determining step in the whole analytical cycle. Consequently tremendous efforts are being made to speed up and automate this step. In a typical automated 96-well SPE(solid-phase extraction) procedure, plasma samples are transferred to the 96-well SPE plate, internal standard and aqueous buffer solutions are added and then vacuum is applied using the robotic liquid handling system. It takes only 20-90 min to process 96 samples by automated SPE and the analyst is physically occupied for only approximately 10 min. Recently, the ultra-high flow rate liquid chromatography (turbulent-flow chromatography)has sparked a huge interest for rapid and direct quantitation of drugs in plasma. There is no sample preparation except for sample aliquotting, internal standard addition and centrifugation. This type of analysis is achieved by using a small diameter column with a large particle size(30-5O ${\mu}$m) and a high flow rate, typically between 3-5 ml/min. Silica-based monolithic HPLC columns contain a novel chromatographic support in which the traditional particulate packing has been replaced with a single, continuous network (monolith) of pcrous silica. The main advantage of such a network is decreased backpressure due to macropores (2 ${\mu}$m) throughout the network. This allows high flow rates, and hence fast analyses that are unattainable with traditional particulate columns. The reduction of particle diameter in HPLC results in increased column efficiency. use of small particles (<2 urn), however, requires p.essu.es beyond the traditional 6,000 psi of conventional pumping devices. Instrumental development in recent years has resulted in pumping devices capable of handling the requirements of columns packed with small particles. The staggered parallel HPLC system consists of four fully independent binary HPLC pumps, a modified auto sampler, and a series of switching and selector valves all controlled by a single computer program. The system improves sample throughput without sacrificing chromatographic separation or data quality. Sample throughput can be increased nearly four-fold without requiring significant changes in current analytical procedures. The process of Bioanalytical Method Validation is required by the FDA to assess and verify the performance of a chronlatographic method prior to its application in sample analysis. The validation should address the selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and stability of the method. This presentation will provide all overview of the work required to accomplish a full validation and show how a chromatographic method is suitable for toxirokinetic sample analysis. A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method developed to quantitate drug levels in dog plasma will be used as an example of tile process.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2005

골신장술을 시행할 때는 골절단 방법, 환자에 따른 견인장치의 종류, 골 신장의 리듬과 이동량, 견인장치의 위치와 방향, 회귀량을 줄이기 위한 유지방법과 기간의 선택에 신중을 기해야 한다. 이러한 사항에 대한 적절한 치료계획과 수술이 이루어진다면 골신장술은 기존의 악정형 수술로는 해결하기 힘든 구순구개열 환자의 상악골 열성장을 극복할 수 있는 효과적인 치료방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 본 교실에서는 양측성 구순구개열로 인한 상악골 열성장 환자에 골신장술을 적용한 증례를 체험하여 다소간의 지견을 얻었기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.331-338
• /
• 2006

A rapid, selective and sensitive reverse-phase HPLC methods for the determination of atenolol and chlorthalidone in human serum and whole blood were validated, and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of atenolol and chlorthalidone combination therapy. Atenolol and an internal standard, pindolol, were extracted from human serum by liquid-liquid extraction, and analyzed on a $\mu$-Bondapak C18 $10-{\mu}$ column in a mobile phase of methanol-0.01 M potassium dihydrogenphosphate(30:70, v/v, adjusted to pH 3.5) and fluorescence detection(emission: 300 nm, excitation: 224 nm). Chlorthalidone and an internal standard, probenecid, were extracted form human whole blood by liquid-liquid extraction, and analyzed on a Luna C18 $5-{\mu}$ column in a mobile phase of acetonitrile containing 77% 0.01 M sodium acetate and UV detection at 214 nm. These analysis were performed at three different laboratories using the same quality control(QC) samples. The chromatograms showed good resolution, sensitivity, and no interference by human serum and whole blood, respectively. The methods showed linear responses over a concentration range of 10-1,000 ng/mL for atenolol and 0.05-20 ${\mu}g/mL$ for chlorthalidone, with correlation coefficients of greater than 0.999 at all the three laboratories. Intra- and inter-day assay precision and accuracy fulfilled international requirements. Stability studies(freeze-thaw, short-, long-term, extracted sample and stock solution) showed that atenolol and chlorthalidone were stable. The lower limit of quantitation of atenolol and chlorthalidone were 10 ng/mL and 0.05 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively, which was sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic studies. These methods were applied to the pharmacokinetic study of atenolol and chlorthalidone in human volunteers following a single oral administration of Hyundai $Tenoretic^{\circledR}$ tablet(atenolol 50 mg and chlorthalidone 12.5 mg) at three different laboratories.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.191-203
• /
• 2018

초기 창업업체 및 기술 창업 중소기업에 ISO 품질경영관리 시스템의 적용 여부에 따라 기업의 영속성에 어떤 영향을 끼치는지 확인한다. 특히 기술창업 중소기업의 품질경영관리 시스템이 전체 SYSTEM 에서 중요하게 차지하는 부분이 연구개발보다는 재무, 관리, 품질관리 부문의 경영관리 SYSTEM 적용이 중요함을 인지하고 있다. 각 사업구조별 의료기기 제작업체, 핸드폰 중개기 제작업체, 해외 중국업체이며 디젤엔진용 부품 제작업체 3개사의 성공 사례와 실패 사례 1개사를 통해 품질경영관리 SYSTEM을 적용하지 않은 업체의 문제점과 품질관리, 제품관리, 생산관리가 효율적 관리가 이루어지지 않아 생기는 재무적, 경제적, 관리적 문제점에 대해서 알아보고 그 원인에 대해서 연구하고 분석해본다. 사례 대상 업체에 품질경영관리 SYSTEM을 적용 후 부적합사항을 개선한 사례를 알아본다. 또한, 실패한 1개사를 선정 실패 사례를 통해 기업의 안정성과 영속성을 유지하기 위해 품질경영관리 SYSTEM을 적용 후 품질경영관리 매뉴얼과 절차서에 의거 실천 여부에 따라 사업의 성공과 실패가 판가름 남을 알 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 최근 기업내부에서는 내부 심사원등을 선임하여 지속 개선활동을 시행해야 하고 기업의 발전과 영속성을 원하는 업체는 반드시 품질경영관리시스템을 반영하여야만 함을 설명한다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.245-252
• /
• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 국내 IT 기업의 인수합병이 내부 역량강화의 전략적 측면에서 나타나는 성과를 다음커뮤니케이션과 카카오 그룹의 합병 내용을 실증 분석한 내용이다. 다음이 카카오와 합병을 추진한 후 다음이라는 기존의 포털사이트 운영을 카카오의 플랫폼 비즈니스가 영역으로 확대해 가는 모습을 나타냈다. 합병이 이루어지고 주가의 총액은 최고를 경신했으나 조만간 그 가치가 하락했다. 합병으로 인한 기업의 성장성은 일시적으로 하락한 것으로 나타났는데 이는 합병으로 인한 내부적 비용의 발생으로 사료된다. 수익성의 경우에도 합병이 긍정적인 성과를 보이지 않았다. 안정성의 경우에는 합병으로 인한 기대 심리가 반영이 되어 다소 상승한 것으로 나타났다. 두 기업의 합병을 시계열적 분석을 통해 보면 다음이 카카오에 대한 관심이 많았지만 합병이후 다음과 카카오의 관심도가 유사하게 나타났다. 이는 다음의 검색 사이트보다는 카카오의 다양한 플랫폼 비즈니스 확장으로 인한 결과로 보여 진다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 국내의 IT기업들이 자신의 자원 혹은 역량을 강화하기 위한 M&A를 추진할 때에는 시너지를 창출할 전략적 요인들의 분석을 통해 접근을 해야 할 것을 제시한다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess precision of crown prostheses that were fabricated by using 2 kinds of bur or 3 kinds of bur. Methods: The crowns were fabricated by using the first molar of the right maxillary in this study. The abutments that were prepared were scanned by using a scanner and designed by using CAD software. Based on the crown design, NC data were created with CAM software. The created NC data were used while fabricating the crown prostheses by using 5-axis milling machine. Scanning was done for the internal and external surface of the completed crown prostheses and 3-dimensional measurement was conducted for precision assessment. Results: The $RMS{\pm}SD$ value for the external surface of the crown prostheses that was fabricated by using two burs and three burs were $28.5{\pm}4.1{\mu}m$ and $19.1{\pm}2.8{\mu}m$, respectively; and the value for two burs were bigger than that for three burs with statistical significance (p<0.001). The $RMS{\pm}SD$ value for the internal surface of the crown prostheses that was fabricated by using two burs and three burs were $14.9{\pm}1.9{\mu}m$ and $13.3{\pm}2.5{\mu}m$, respectively; and the value for two burs were bigger than that for three burs but with no statistical significance. Conclusion: Based on this study, the prostheses that were fabricated by using 3 bur presented better stability compared to those that were fabricated by using 2 bur and statistically significant difference was found only in the external surface.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.508-513
• /
• 2018

세보플루란에 의한 일회 환기량은 낮은 용량에서는 호흡수의 증가로 안정적이다. 그러나 진정 깊이가 증가하면 폐포 환기는 세보플루란에 의해 감소되어 결과적으로는 $PaCO_2$가 증가한다. 호흡 억제의 발생은 깊이 진정된 장애 환자에서 심한 저산소증과 고탄산혈증의 위험을 증가시킨다. 세보플루란 흡입 마취는 여러 위험성이 내제되어 있으며 체내 산 염기 상태에 따라 혈역학적 변화가 발생하기에 예기치 못한 문제 상황이 발생할 수 있다. 세보플루란으로 장애인의 마취 유도 시 발생하는 호흡 억제로 인한 체내 산 염기 상태가 안정한지 알아보고자 이 연구를 진행하였다. 마취 유도는 4 vol% 세보플루란, 4 L/min 아산화질소, 4 L/min 산소를 자발 호흡 하에서 환자 안면부에 마스크를 거치하여 유도하였다. 그 뒤 환자의 의식소실 및 근육 긴장 완화 후 즉시 전문가에 의해 IV line을 거치한 뒤 정맥 채혈을 하여 정맥 내 혈액가스 분석을 하였다. 깊은 진정 상태에서 전체 환자의 평균 pH는 $7.36{\pm}0.06$으로 측정되었다. $PvCO_2$는 전체 환자에서는 평균 $48.8{\pm}8.50mmHg$로 측정되었다. $HCO_3{^-}$는 전체 환자에서 평균 $27.2{\pm}3.0mmol/L$로 측정되었다. 결론적으로 장애인을 대상으로 한 치과 진료시 세보플루란을 이용한 흡입 진정에 대한 체내 산 염기 반응은 비교적 안정적이었다.