• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2021

In [1], we studied the PDE system with time-varing delay. Time delay occurs due to loosening in a high-speed moving axially directed membrane (string, belt, or plate) at production. Our purpose in this work derives a mathematical model with internal time delay. First, we consider the physical phenomenon of axially moving membrane with respect to kinetic energy, potential energy and work done. By the energy conservation law in physics, we get the second order nonlinear PDE system with internal time delay.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2017

Reinforcement of insulation in apartment buildings reduces the heating and cooling energy consumption by lowering the heat transfer in the building envelope. There are differences between internal and external insulation methods in heat transmission properties. However, some building load calculation programs cannot analysis the differences between the two. This is because these programs do no account for the timelag or thermal storage effect of the wall according to the location of insulation. In this study, the heat transmission characteristics of internal and external insulation were analyzed by EnergyPlus, and heating and cooling energy demand was compared. The results showed that external insulation system had lower heating and cooling loads than internal insulation system. Also the heat transfer rate of external insulation is steadier than internal insulation. About 13.6% of heating and cooling energy demand decreased when the outdoor wall was finished with external insulation compared to the demand with internal insulation.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.100-127
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• 2006

The present study examined internal environment where the size of internal organs (廳服大小) of Taesoeumyang persons (太少陰陽人) is decided focused on nature and emotion (性情), taking note that there is a difference between the parts triggering the rise and fall (升降) of the energy of sorrow, anger, joy and pleasure (哀怒喜樂之氣) of nature and emotion(性情) and the parts expressing the results. Because nature energy is incoming energy (順動之氣), it infuses energy to parts where the energy of sorrow, anger, joy and pleasure reaches and, as a result, forms relatively large-size organs (偏大之臟). When the energy of the four internal organs is produced, the soul, spirit, mind and life (神靈魂?) of the internal organs, which are triggered by outgoing energy, are consumed and as a result emotion is produced at parts where the energy of sorrow, anger, joy and pleasure reaches. It forms relatively small-size organs (偏小之臟). This study examined the process, focused on the direction of the energy of the energy of sorrow, anger, joy and pleasure moving up straight, moving up diagonally, moving down diagonally and moving down straight.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2010

This paper describes the methodology of calculating the internal dose conversion coefficient in order to assess the radiological impact on non-human species. This paper also presents the internal dose conversion coefficients of 25 radionuclides ($^3H,\;^7Be,\;^{14}C,\;^{40}K,\;^{51}Cr,\;^{54}Mn,\;^{59}Fe,\;^{58}Co,\;^{60}Co,\;^{65}Zn,\;^{90}Sr,\;^{95}Nb,\;^{99}Tc,\;^{106}Ru,\;^{129}I,\;^{131}I,\;^{136}Cs,\;^{137}Cs,\;^{140}Ba,\;^{140}La,\;^{144}Ce,\;^{238}U,\;^{239}Pu,\;^{240}Pu$) for domestic seven reference animals (roe deer, rat, frog, snake, Chinese minnow, bee, and earthworm) and one reference plant (pine tree). The uniform isotropic model was applied in order to calculate the internal dose conversion coefficients. The calculated internal dose conversion coefficient (${\mu}Gyd^{-1}$ per $Bqkg^{-1}$) ranged from $10^{-6}$ to $10^{-2}$ according to the type of radionuclides and organisms studied. It turns out that the internal does conversion coefficient was higher for alpha radionuclides, such as $^{238}U,\;^{239}Pu$, and $^{240}Pu$, and for large organisms, such as roe deer and pine tree. The internal dose conversion coefficients of $^{239}U,\;^{240}Pu,\;^{238}U,\;^{14}C,\;^3H$, and $^{99}Tc$ were independent of the organism.

• Architectural research
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2012

College of Architecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, US Abstract The intermittent heating and cooling energy need calculation of the ISO 13790 monthly method was examined. The current ISO 13790 method applies a reduction factor to the continuous heating and cooling need calculation result to derive the intermittent heating and cooling for each month. This paper proposes a method for the intermittent energy need calculation based on the internal mean temperature calculation. The internal temperature calculation procedure was introduced considering the heat-balance taking into account of heat gain, heat loss, and thermal inertia for reduced heating and cooling period. Then, the calculated internal mean temperature was used for the intermittent heating and cooling energy need calculation. The calculation results from the proposed method were compared to the current ISO 13790 method and validated with a dynamic simulation using EnergyPlus. The study indicates that the intermittent heating and cooling energy need calculation method using the proposed model improves transparency of the current ISO 13790 method and draws more rational outcomes in the monthly heating and cooling energy need calculation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.363-373
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• 1991

핵연료봉 내압 설계기준에 의하면 핵연료봉 갭의 증가만 발생하지 않는다면 봉내압이 계통압력을 초과할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 봉내압 설계기준에 따른 정량적이고 보수적인 허용 봉내압을 봉출력의 함수로 생산하였는 바 허용 봉내압은 봉출력의 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 한편, 본 연구에서 구한 허용 봉내압을 봉내압 설계 기준으로 적용하면 핵연료봉 압력 검증을 위한 현행 설계절차를 단순화시킨다. 왜냐하면, 봉내압이 계통압력을 초과할 경우 각각의 주어진 시간 및 축 방향 지점에서 핵연료봉 갭 증가를 계산해야 하는 현행 설계절차가 불필요하기 때문이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2013

An imaging technique to visualize the internal defects in a plate-type nuclear fuel specimen was developed by using an active optical interferometer for a nondestructive quality inspection. A periodic thermal wave having a sinusoidal intensity pattern induced a periodical strain variation for the specimen. The varying strain image was acquired using an optical laser interferometer. The strain distribution over the internal defects will be distorted in an acquired strain image because a part of the thermal wave will be reflected from these defects during propagation. In this paper, internal defects were efficiently visualized by sequentially accumulating the extracted defect components. The experimental results confirmed that the developed visualization system can be a valuable tool to detect the internal defects in plate-type nuclear fuel.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 개선된 동적 윤곽선 모델을 이용하여 높은 시간 해상도를 가진 EBT 폐 영상에서 폐실질 영역을 검출하였다. 기존의 동적 윤곽선 모델에서 물체의 경계선을 얻기 위한 방법은 에너지 최소화 형태로서 내부에너지와 외부에너지를 조절함으로써 검출되어 질 수 있다. 그러나 이 방법에서는 초기화 지정 문제나 내부 에너지의 탄성과 구부러짐의 특성 때문에 요면 영역에 대하여 빈약한 수렴성 등의 문제점들을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 요면 문제들을 해결하면서 폐실질 영역으로 수렴시키기 위해 윤곽선 상에 있는 제어 점들을 이웃 점들과 함께 각각 수직 이등분선 상의 한점에 이동시킴으로써 내부 에너지를 조절하고, 입력받은 영상의 에너지를 나타내는 외부에너지와 함께 에너지를 최소화시킴으로써 원하는 폐실질 영역에 윤곽선이 수렴할 수 있도록 하였다. 요면 영역에 대한 수렴은 이런 내부에너지에 의해 효과적으로 구현 될 수 있었고, 하나의 초기 윤곽선에서 다중 물체들도 검출될 수 있어서 의료 영상에서의 폐실질 영역 검출에 효과적으로 적용될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2005

Active contour models have been extensively used to segment, match, and track objects of interest in computer vision and image processing applications, particularly to locate object boundaries. With conventional methods an object boundary can be extracted by controlling the internal energy and external energy based on energy minimization. However, this still leaves a number of problems, such as initialization and poor convergence in concave regions. In particular, a contour is unable to enter a concave region based on the stretching and bending characteristic of the internal energy. Therefore, this study proposes a method that controls the internal energy by moving the local perpendicular bisector point of each control point on the contour, and determines the object boundary by minimizing the energy relative to the external energy. Convergence at a concave region can then be effectively implemented as regards the feature of interest using the internal energy, plus several objects can be detected using a multi-detection method based on the initial contour. The proposed method is compared with other conventional methods through objective validation and subjective consideration. As a result, it is anticipated that the proposed method can be efficiently applied to the detection of the pulmonary parenchyma region in medical images.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.80-93
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• 1990

Review of Literature on Languor and fatigue. According to comparative studies of Oriental and Western medical Literature on the Languor and fatigue on causes and symptom, flowing results were obtained. 1. Common etiologies of the Languor and fatigue in Western medicine are firstly exhaustion of energy, secondly variation of control center-neurotic and body fluid control-, thirdly variation of a living body physico chemical state, forthly production of middle metabolic product, fifthly psychological instability. 2. The expression of the Languor and fatigue in Oriental medicine are consumption, dificiency of vital energy(氣虛), illness caused by overexertion and dificiency of essence of life(精虛). The caure of the Languor and fatigue are dificiency in spleen and stomach(脾胃虛弱), dificiency of both the lung and kidney(肺腎兩虛), the six excessive(六淫), irregular life and excessive mental labor. 3. The symptomes of the Languor and fatigue in western medicine are systemic feeling of fatigue, dislike of work, Dizziness, general fatigue, anorexia, painful body, nerveous prostration. anxiety and decrese of energy, and in oriental medicine dificiency of vital energy, general pain, sinking of vital energy(氣虛下階) in adequate nutrition, confusion and slow speaking.