• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the in vitro effect of a corn water extract on immune function. Splenocyte proliferation was determined by the MTT(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl terazolium bromide) assay after preparing asingle cell suspension. Production of macrophage-secreted interleukin(IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and interferon(IFN)-${\gamma}$, was detected by ELISA using a cytokine assay kit. After a 48-hr incubation with mitogens(ConA or lipopolysaccharide), mice splenocyte proliferation increased with the addition of a corn water extract supplement at 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, or $1,000\;{\mu}g/m\ell$. Production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and IFN-${\gamma}$ increased in treatments supplemented with the corn water extract. In an in vitro study, splenocyte proliferation increased when $50\sim1,000\;{\mu}\ell/m\ell$ corn water extract was added. In an ex vivo experiment, the highest production of cytokines by activated peritoneal macrophages was observed in mice orally administered 500 mg/kg body weight/day.

• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.201-215
• /
• 2000

1. 연구배경 및 목적 사상의학(四象醫學)에서 열다한소탕(熱多寒少湯)은 태음인(太陰人)의 뇌경색증 급성기에 매우 빈번하게 사용되는 처방 중 하나이다. 그래서 저자는 열다한소탕(熱多寒少湯) 투여에 따른 뇌경색증 환자의 면역계 특히 세포활성문질만계의 변화에 대해 연구하기로 하였다. 2. 방법 원광대학교 광주한방병원 사상의학과에 입원한 뇌경색증 한자 8인(남자 3명, 여자 5명)을 대상으로 하여, 내원 당시와 2-4주간의 열다한소탕 투여 후의 세포활설물질망계의 변화를 추적하였다. 또한 정상태음인의 말초혈액단핵구를 채취하여 리포다당체 처리시의 변화를 열다한소탕(熱多寒少湯) 전처리 유무에 따라 비교 분석하였다. 3. 결과 IL-2 혈장 농도는 정상 대조군보다 환자군에서 더 낮았다. $IFN-{\gamma}$의 경우 역시 정상 대조군보다 약간 낮았으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. IL-4, IL-6, IgE의 혈장중 수준은 정상 대조군에 비해 환자군에서 현저히 상승되어 있었다. 그러나, 2-4주간의 열다한소탕(熱多寒少湯) 투여후 $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-2의 혈장 중 수준은 현저히 상승되었고, IL-4, IL-6, Ig E 수준은 현저히 억제되었다. 한편 정상 태음인의 말초혈액단핵구에 리포다당체 처리를 한 후 $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-2, IL-6가 상승되었으나, 열다한소탕(熱多寒少湯) 전처리를 한 경우에서는 이들 물질의 생성이 유의하게 억제되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2001

In macrophages, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone or in combination with $interferon-{\gamma}\;(IFN-{\gamma})$ has been shown to release a nitric oxide (NO) through the increase of the transcription of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene. To investigate the exact intracellular signaling pathway of the regulation of iNOS gene transcription by LPS plus $IFN-{\gamma},$ the effects of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors on NO production, iNOS mRNA expression, nuclear $factor-_{\kappa}B\;(NF-_{\kappa}B)$ binding activity and the promoter activity of iNOS gene containing two $NF-_{\kappa}B$ sites have been examined in a mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. LPS or $IFN-{\gamma}$ stimulated NO production, and their effect was enhanced synergistically by mixture of LPS and $IFN-{\gamma}.$ The PTK inhibitor such as tyrphostin reduced LPS plus $IFN-{\gamma}-induced$ NO production, iNOS mRNA expression and $NF-_{\kappa}B$ binding activity. In contrast, PKC inhibitors such as H-7, Ro-318220 and staurosporine did not show any effect on them. In addition, transfection of RAW 264.7 cells with iNOS promoter linked to a CAT reporter gene revealed that tyrphostin inhibited the iNOS promoter activity through the $NF-_{\kappa}B$ binding site, whereas PKC inhibitors did not. Taken together, these suggest that PTK, but not PKC pathway, is involved in the regulation of the iNOS gene transcription through the $NF-_{\kappa}B$ sites of iNOS promoter in RAW 264.7 macrophages by LPS plus $IFN-{\gamma}$.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
• /
• pp.156.1-156.1
• /
• 2003

Cerarmide acts as a lipid second messenger in the cellular signal transduction and is involved in mediating a variety of cell functions such as proliferation, differentiation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of ceramide on cellular cytotoxity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to understand the relationship between them. Ceramide treatment significantly increased cell death in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-g (IFN-g). (omitted)

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.16-27
• /
• 2004

목적 : 골쇄보(骨碎補) (Drynariae Rhizoma)는 한의학에서 골격계 질환의 치유력을 강화시키는 것으로 알려져 있는데, 항 virus, 항 박테리아, 항 염증 작용이 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 질병을 치료하기 위하여 면역 반응을 조절하는 기전에 관하여 오랫 동안 많은 관심을 기울여왔는데, 식물에서 추출한 약재들이 면역기능을 조절할 수 있는 가능성에 대하여 광범위하게 연구되었다. 이에 저자는 골쇄보(骨碎補)의 ethanol 추출물을 가지고 항 세포성과 변역 조절 기능에 대하여 연구하였다. 방법 : 사람의 혈액단핵구 (PBMC)의 배양은 thymidine 법으로 검정하고 nitric oxide (NO) 생성은 mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 세포주를 이용하였으며 IL-2, IFN 와 TNF-a 생성은 ELISA 기술로 검정하였다. 세포 증식은 FACScan으로 측정하고 세포 표면항원 CD16, CD25 및 HLA-DR 은 FITC/PE 항체로 측정하였다. 결과 : 골쇄보(骨碎補)는 mitogen (phytohaemagglutinin; PHA) 과 antigen (purified protein derivative; PPD) 에 의해 자극받은 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) 의 증식을 억제하였다. 더욱이, 골쇄보(骨碎補)는 mouse 와 인간에 기원한 여러 세포들의 성장을 억제하였다. 또한, nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-2 (IL-2)와 tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$ 의 생성을 억제하였다. 한편, human PBMCs 에서 intracytoplasmic $interferon-{\gamma}\;(IFN-{\gamma})$와 cell surface markers 인 CD16, HLA-DR 의 expression은 골쇄보(骨碎補)에 의하여 영향을 받지 않았으나, CD25 expression 은 현저히 통제되었다. 결론 : 골쇄보(骨碎補) ethanol 추출물이 in vitro 에서 항 증식성과 변역 억제작용을 가지고 있다는 가능성을 의미하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.986-990
• /
• 2004

대식세포는 IL-1, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha},\;IFN-{\gamma}$의 중요한 근원이고, 전염성의 병원체와 종양 세포에 대해 저항하는 주요한 effector 세포이다. 이것은 cytokine signal에 의해 세포파괴가 되도록 활성화 된다. 이번 연구에서 우리는 산더덕의 물 추출물이 cytokine, nitric oxide와 같은 effector 분자를 유도하기 위해 대식세포를 활성화하는지를 알아보기 위하여 실험하였다. 산더덕 추출물에 의한 대식세포의 NO 생성은 농도 의존적이고, 시간 의존적이었다. iNOS는 시간이 지날수록 발현이 유도되었다. 산더덕 추출물에 의한 IL-1과 IL-6 mRNA 유도는 시간 의존적으로 증가 되었고, 처리 후 24시간에 최고점에 도달하였다. 이것은 활성화된 대식세포가 종양세포를 죽일 수 있음을 말한다. $TNF-{\alpha}\;mRNA$의 양은 시간이 지나도 일정하였고, $IFN-{\gamma}\;mRNA$의 양은 산더덕 추출물의 처리 1시간 후에 빠르게 강화되었다. 이러한 결과로부터 산더덕은 효과적인 면역조절자이고 대식세포의 항종양활성을 강화함을 알 수 있다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.258-264
• /
• 2002

Zinc plays an important role in immunobiological responses, while excessive zinc attenuates immune functions in a dose-dependent manner. Zinc excess has been reported to increase levels of plasma prostaglandin E$_2$ (PGE$_2$), which is known to inhibit production of Th (helper T) 1-associated cytokines and to induce inflammatory responses. Thus, this study was investigated the effects of indomethacin, a potent inhibitor of PGE$_2$ synthesis, on the proinflammatory cytokine and lymphokine production in ICR mice exposed to excessive zinc. Indomethacin at doses of 5 mg/kg was administered i.p. 30 minutes before zinc chloride (Zn) 30 mg/kg orally daily for 10 days. Excessive Zn remarkedly increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ and interleukin (IL)-1$\beta$ levels in both serum and splenic supernatants compared with those in controls, while indomethacin significantly reduced the excessive Zn-induced levels of IL-1$\beta$. In serum, excessive Zn significantly decreased the levels of IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ compared with those in controls, whereas indomethacin significantly enhanced the excessive Zn-decreased levels of IFN-${\gamma}$ but did not affect the Zn-decreased levels of serum IL-2. In splenic supernatants, All of excessive Zn, indomethacin, and combination of Zn and indomethacin significantly enhanced IL-2 levels compared with those in controls, but indomethacin didn't affect the Zn-induced production of IL-2. These data, therefore, suggest that indomethacin significantly attenuated the in vivo and ex vivo IL-1$\beta$ production increased by excessive zinc and remarkedly enhanced the in vivo excessive zinc-suppressed production of IFN-${\gamma}$ but not IL-2.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2005

Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is a copper protein with important functions in iron homeostasis and in inflammation. Cp mRNA expression is induced by interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ in U937 monocytic cells, but synthesis of Cp protein is halted after about 12 h by transcript-specific translational silencing. The silencing mechanism requires binding of a 4-component cytosolic inhibitor complex, IFN-gamma-activated inhibitor of translation (GAIT), to a defined structural element (GAIT element) in the Cp 3'-UTR. Translational silencing of Cp mRNA requires the essential proteins of mRNA circularization, suggesting that the translational inhibition requires end-to-end mRNA closure. These studies describe a new mechanism of translational control, and may shed light on the role that macrophage-derived Cp plays at the intersection of iron homeostasis and inflammation.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.312-317
• /
• 1998

In this study, the effect of 70% ethyl alcohol fraction of Cervus nippon(CN-E) on mouse T-lymphocyte was investigated in vivo. The administration of CN-E(100 mg/kg) enhanced the proliferation of thymocytes, the population of $CD4^+CD8^-$ single-positive cells and the production of $interferon-{\gamma}$ in thymocytes and splenocytes. The administration of CN-E did not induce DNA fragmentation and reduce mitochondrial transmembrane potential in thymocytes. These results indicate that the CN-E contams a stimulative component on the proliferation of thymocytes, the population of $T_H$ cells and the production of $interferon-{\gamma}$ in T-lymphocytes.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
• /
• 제8권2호통권9호
• /
• pp.109-119
• /
• 2002

The objective on this study was to investigate effect of KH, which was composed of 9 kinds of oriental herbs tonifing the blood, against toxicity of 5-flurouracil(FU) through animal study. Reduction of WBC and platelet after treating S-FU was significantly recovered by KH. KH also rehabilitated immune gene expression of interleukin-2(IL2) and $Interferon-{\gamma}\;(IFN-{\gamma})$ by RT-PCR. In addition, in situ hybridization of spleen showed that KH treatment increased mRNA expression of IL2. In addition to the immune action, antitumor activity on 5-FU was not affected by KH treatment. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that KH alleviated damage of hematopoiesis system induced by f-FU without toss of antitumor activity.