• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.143-154
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop fabrics using non-toxic and eco-friendly natural dyes made from curcuma and coffee extract. The natural dyes were applied to non-printed cotton fabrics using the dip dyeing method, and the pattern was hand-printed onto the dyed fabrics to make dyed printed-fabrics. The four types of developed fabric samples were compared to analyze the effects of the dyeing materials and printing on the hygienic properties of curcuma- and coffee-dyed fabrics. The findings were as follows. First, air permeability of both curcuma- and coffee-dyed fabrics was greatly affected by the presence of patterns, although the type of dye did not seem to have an effect. Printing greatly reduced air permeability of the fabric, and coffee-dyed fabric showed greater reduction of dyeing method than curcuma-dyed fabric. Moisture regain also tended to decrease with printing, but the change was much smaller compared to air permeability. Second, increased UV blockage was observed in curcuma- and coffee-dyed fabrics with patterns compared to non-printed fabrics, showing that printing enhanced UV blocking. Third, deodorization rate tended to increase sharply for both curcuma- and coffee-dyed fabrics until 30 minutes and gradually increased thereafter to yield 30% for curcuma and 50% for coffee at 120 minutes, demonstrating higher deodorization of coffee dye. Coffee-dyed fabric showed an antibacterial rate about twice as high as that of curcuma-dyed fabric, and the observed data suggest that curcuma-dyed fabric had an insignificant level of antibiosis. Fourth, printing significantly enhanced wash, sunlight, and compound colorfastness of the two types of dyed fabrics. The effect of printing was most dramatic on sunlight and compound colorfastness, which are aspects in which natural dyed fabrics perform poorly in general. Eventually, the development and application of biologically- and environmentally-friendly fabrics with natural dyes correspond with increased interest towards the wellness and healthy attitudes of modern society.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.108-116
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• 2013

This study has the purpose to review the way of experience element and property of space design appearing in vocational experience space and accumulate basic study material for children's vocational experience space and build systematic and specialized modules. Analysing the marketing elements of experience space through pilot research to arrange frame of analysis, and in a determined range, experimental marketing's property appearing in children's vocational experience center is analysed. This researcher analysed experimental displaying space's function of recognition, emotional, behavior, sense marketing and experimental marketing induced from pilot research on space design expressive elements of experimental marketing when it is applied to spaces through the frame of analysis with the combination of total 8 kind's experience display space function such as investigative, conceptional, aesthetic, entertaining, logical, relative, participating, and comprehensive experience based on 5 vocational experience spaces located in Seoul and Gyeonggi, opened after 2010, being operated at present with more than 500 pyeong (about 1,650 square meter) and targeted for children, after this researcher visited the site directly to make check list with the frame of analysis together with the staff and administrator in charge of vocational experience education. As a conclusion, vocational experience center is a space of edutainment helping children experience various profession more easily to find their interest and to bring up their dream. By analysing current vocational experience center through the element called experimental marketing, current status of vocational experience center could be known. the experience itself in vocational experience center becomes a merchandise. Instead of mere experience, so as to get professional experience and new information, new experiences should be provided by incessant variation and development. This study is to build basic research data for children's vocational experience space, however not only drawing specialty of vocational experience center through the connection of enterprises based on the contents arranged above but also systematic and specialized modules are expected to be built in next researches.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.97-109
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• 1998

The activities of teaching and learning are to try to reach the lesson object most closely in many ways. Considering that the lesson objects are to get the principle or law of a concept, to acquire the mathematical function, to master it through repeated exercises and to solve mathematical problems, we need many ways to reach such objects. Among the many ways, we can first think of one: the students will learn with curiosity and according to their own ability or advancing level in learning when teachers study and prepare necessary contents enough in advance by using computers, showing the right program to learners' needs. For example, defining definite integral by measuration by parts will help understand measuration by parts well and know the meaning of definite integral correctly, In teaching and learning by the use of this program, the educational effects are expected as follows. 1. It is thought that this program will stimulate the desire for and interest in learning because it used animation and acoustic effect. And voluntary and positive thinking activity will be shown. 2. It is expected that the conviction of formulas will be got and the concept of definite integral will be remembered firmly by showing how to measure the width of circle with the use of measuration by parts in various other ways instead of the ways used at present. 3. It is expected that students will feel the pleasure of mathematics in life when they recognize mathematical facts scattered really in our life rather than mathematical difficulties. 4. It is expected that the repeated review of programs already designed will remove the fear of incomplete parts and help review again. 5. It is certain that positive attitude in life will be formed as teacher-centered class is changed into learner-centered class and unwilling study is changed into self-oriented study. However, I think this program is insufficient for humanbeing-centered education given directly in contact with students on the ground of the variety in mathematical education and applications in many ways. And mechanically inhuman computers leave some solutions to be desired

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.933-941
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• 2014

This paper provides a comparison between the Krylov subspace method (KSM) and modal truncation method (MTM), which are typical projection-based model order reduction methods. The frequency responses are compared to determine the numerical accuracies and efficiencies. In order to compare the numerical accuracies of the KSM and MTM, the frequency responses and relative errors according to the order of the reduced model and frequency of interest are studied. Subsequently, a numerical examination shows whether a reduced order can be determined automatically with the help of an error convergence indicator. As for the numerical efficiency, the computation time needed to generate the projection matrix and the solution time to perform a frequency response analysis are compared according to the reduced order. A finite element model for a car suspension is considered as an application example of the numerical comparison.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2014

Objectives: The major objective of this study was to develop a tier 2 exposure model combining tier 1 exposure model estimates and worker monitoring data and suggesting narrower exposure ranges than tier 1 results. Methods: Bayesian statistics were used to develop a tier 2 exposure model as was done for the European Union (EU) tier 2 exposure models, for example Advanced REACH Tools (ART) and Stoffenmanager. Bayesian statistics required a prior and data to calculate the posterior results. In this model, tier 1 estimated serving as a prior and worker exposure monitoring data at the worksite of interest were entered as data. The calculation of Bayesian statistics requires integration over a range, which were performed using a Riemann sum algorithm. From the calculated exposure estimates, 95% range was extracted. These algorithm have been realized on Excel spreadsheet for convenience and easy access. Some fail-proof features such as locking the spreadsheet were added in order to prevent errors or miscalculations derived from careless usage of the file. Results: The tier 2 exposure model was successfully built on a separate Excel spreadsheet in the same file containing tier 1 exposure model. To utilize the model, exposure range needs to be estimated from tier 1 model and worker monitoring data, at least one input are required. Conclusions: The developed tier 2 exposure model can help industrial hygienists obtain a narrow range of worker exposure level to a chemical by reflecting a certain set of job characteristics.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.268-278
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to develop the paper model of protein synthesis process in order for students to learn more effectively the protein synthesis, and to examine learning effects of instruction using it in high school biology. For this study, 117 students of 12th grade were sampled from a high school in Daejeon metropolitan city. The students were divided into two groups; the control group(n=58) were taught the protein synthesis by explanation-based traditional teaching method, and the experimental group(=59) were taught them by using protein synthesis model. Instruction using the model of protein synthesis process was more effective in improving the students' academic achievements and motivating interests in their learning than the traditional intruction. The class using the models can be another effective teaching method to teach students abstract and complicated concepts like protein synthesis process.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.442-449
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• 1979

Although anoxic cardiac arrest produces a dry, quiet field, the ability of the myocardium to withstand the anoxic insult is uncertain. The current growth of interest in the use of various cardioplegic solutions ` has resulted in the development of a number of different solutions. In this study, 51 consecutive cases of elective open heart surgery with the aid of extracorporeal circulation were reviewed retrospectively to compare two methods of myocardial preservation. All of these open heart operations had been performed, using hemodilution principle under the moderate hypothermia at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyungpook National University from December, 1975 to July, 1979. In the 31 consecutive cases that form the anoxic arrest group, the operations were done with intermittent aortic cross-clamping and topical cardiac hypothermia. The heart was cooled topically by cold normal saline, which was converted to ice slush before application to the pericardial sac. Twenty of 51 consecutive cases were assigned to the cold cardioplegic method [the cardioplegic group], in which two kinds of cold cardioplegic solutions [Young solution and G IK solution] were infused into the aortic root proximal to the aortic cross clamp for myocardial preservation. Mean total aortic cross clamp times were 43 minutes in the anoxic arrest group and 67 minutes in the cardioplegic group. In the post-operative period, spontaneous regular heart beatings were recovered in 80 percent of the cardioplegic group as opposed to 25.7 percent of the anoxic arrest group. Ventricular fibrillation requiring DC shock was seen in 32.3 percent of the anoxic arrest group and 10 percent of the cardioplegic group. In the cardioplegic group, mean CPK-MB was one positive value on the first post-operative day, and mean LDH 1 was elevated to 51 0 units/ml on the 2nd post-operative day. These results indicate that protecting the myocardium with cold cardioplegia is superior to use of the anoxic cardiac arrest.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2010

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) are mouth-brooders so that the females holding eggs in their mouth sacrifice their somatic growth for reproduction. For this reason, artificial control of reproduction for the culture of this species has been of interest. Manipulation of photoperiod is an emerging technique for such purpose, but little information is available to establish appropriate photoperiod regime. To obtain necessary basic information, sexually mature females were individually accommodated to glass aquarium, and the spawning activity of these females were monitored for two years under natural photoperiod regime. Female tilapia spawned most frequently on March, April and May when the day length gradually increased from 11 hours to 14 hours and least frequently on September, October, November and December when the day length gradually decreased from 13 hours to less than 10 hours in the first year. The decrease of spawning frequency as day length decreased was also observed in the second year, although the increase of spawning frequency as day length increased was less clear. Spawning of female tilapia was less active when the night was dark due to the disappearance of moonlight (Dark Phase), compared to the Phase of Getting Lighter, Light Phase and Phase of Getting Darker. Results from this study suggest that long day length, particularly increasing phase, is favoured for active spawning of Nile tilapia, and that this species, as a tropical fish species, may utilize changing lunar phases as a secondary environmental cue for reproduction.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.115-127
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• 2006

A purpose of this study is degree of recognition and consciousness investigation about a satisfaction duty before admission about a school subject of some academic dental hygiene students. From responses to individual written survey questionnaires answered by 608 students who are studying Dental Hygiene at colleges in Mokpo, Iksan, Gangneung. The following are the results regarding their satisfaction levels with their majors and their interest in working abroad: 1. Regarding the motivating factors to major in Dental Hygiene, most students(51.3%), particularly most freshmen(57.3%), have chosen this major because of more job opportunities than students with other majors. The most common source of information in choosing majors is the Internet(30.8%). 2. Most students do not want to change their majors even if they are provided with the chance to do so(65.5%). They are in general satisfied with their studies. The result shows that the Dental Hygiene majors are positive toward their major. 3. Most students will choose their jobs by their own choices(40.6%), and the most important factor in their choices is the opportunity of self-growth and development(33.1%). The survey results show that the Dental Hygiene students value their own decisions and self-realization. 4. Showed the difference that as a result of having seen a knowledge degree advance a school subject of major in Dental Hygiene by a school year and ash students, an admission motive, relevance of an information acquisition path, all noted. 5. And were able to see the difference that noted in an adviser, work selection bases in case of work selection whether or not there was a dissatisfaction reason about a major and a criminal record.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2011

Objectives : Children who are users of local children's centers are mostly in the lower income brackets or raised by single parents or grandparents. Their parents are usually careless about them, or they are placed in tough environments. Specifically, they are unlikely to be taught at home to brush their teeth on a regular basis. The purpose of this study was to examine the oral health education experiences of teachers at local children's centers and the reality of oral health care provided by them to children, and to pave the way for the development of collaborative oral health education programs by local children's centers and local communities. Methods : The subjects in this study were teachers who worked at 158 local children's centers located in Gyeongnam Province. Each teacher was asked to fill out the given a questionnaire at the centers. The survey was conducted by phone or in person from February 26 to April 1, 2009. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 15.0 program, and statistical data on frequency and percentage were acquired to find out the general characteristics of the teachers. And crosstabulation was utilized to look for connections between oral health education experiences and actual oral health care. Results : At the 158 local children's centers, 21 teachers had ever learned about oral health education to provide children with that, and 137 teachers hadn't. The local children's centers that the former worked for had more interest in dental caries, and those centers had children do toothbrushing more than the other centers at which the latter served. Conclusions : It seems that local children's centers and local communities should make concerted efforts to develop joint education programs.