• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.45-57
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• 1987

The dynamic behavior of a structure by earthquake is considerably affected by the flexibility of the base soil. This phenomenon is called dynamic soil-structure interaction effect. There are two broad categories of soil-structure interaction analytical technique: direct method and substructure method. Substructure method, in contrast to direct method, has many limitations in applying to embedded structures or structures on layered soil sites, while it is relatively simple. In this paper, a simplified soil-structure interaction analytical procedure using substructure method is proposed to eliminate its original limitations. The proposed method is well applicable to embedded structures or structures on layered soil sites with as good results as FLUSH.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.275.1-275.1
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• 2002

It has been proposed that G protein interacts with receptor via multiple interaction sites. With regard to this, C-terminus of the G${\alpha}$ subunit is clearly not the only structural determinant on the G proteins that is critical for receptor coupling selectivity, but the extreme N-terminus of Ga subunit and other structural elements were proposed to be responsible for dictating the interaction with receptors. (omitted)

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.11 no.32
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• pp.65-69
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• 2004

The mechanism of interaction of four coumarin derivatives (CDS) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied using spectrofluorometric technique. It was found that the coumarin ring common to all CDS makes major contribution to interaction. Binding affinities could be related to parachor values of CDS. Stem-Volmer plots indicated the presence of static component in the quenching mechanism. Results also showed that both tryptophan residues of protein are accessible to CDS. The high magnitude of rate constant of quenching indicated that the process of energy transfer occurs by intermolecular interaction forces and thus CDS binding site is in close proximity to tryptophan residues of BSA. Binding studies in the presence of the hydrophobic probe, 8-anilino-l-naphthalein-sulfonic acid showed that there is hydrophobic interaction between CDS and the probe and they do not share common sites in BSA. Thermodynamic parameters obtained from data at different temperatures showed that the binding of CDS to BSA involve hydrophobic bonds predominantly. The effects of various metal ions on the binding of CDS with BSA were also investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.17-29
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of action and reaction through the examples of luminescence digital fashion design, which is a part of the interactive digital paradigm in 21st century, and to classify types of interaction expressed in luminescence digital fashion design. The significance of this study is to provide an effective database for researches on new ideas and expression methods of fashion design using luminescence digital device. The contents are as follows. First, identifying the concepts of interaction, digital fashion, and luminescence digital device. Second, analyzing the factors that put the luminescence digital device into effect through materials such as the collected photos and the stimulus behind the materials. Third, analyzing and classifying types of reaction according to the types of stimulus in luminescence digital fashion design. Detailed use of luminescence digital devices in Fashion designs did not start until after 2000 so the scope of this study starts from 2000 and on. The methods of this study are as follows. The theoretical frameworks of digital fashion and interaction were setup by using information from various related books, papers, and internet sites. In addition, the empirical analysis was performed using collected photos and explanations through related Internet sites of digital fashion. Through the study, the interaction types in 21st century's luminescence digital fashion design can be expressed variously according to the current input type, biometric recognition type, environment recognition type.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.877-885
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• 2022

Vision-based activity recognition has been widely attempted at construction sites to estimate productivity and enhance workers' health and safety. Previous studies have focused on extracting an individual worker's postural information from sequential image frames for activity recognition. However, various trades of workers perform different tasks with similar postural patterns, which degrades the performance of activity recognition based on postural information. To this end, this research exploited a concept of human-object interaction, the interaction between a worker and their surrounding objects, considering the fact that trade workers interact with a specific object (e.g., working tools or construction materials) relevant to their trades. This research developed an approach to understand the context from sequential image frames based on four features: posture, object, spatial features, and temporal feature. Both posture and object features were used to analyze the interaction between the worker and the target object, and the other two features were used to detect movements from the entire region of image frames in both temporal and spatial domains. The developed approach used convolutional neural networks (CNN) for feature extractors and activity classifiers and long short-term memory (LSTM) was also used as an activity classifier. The developed approach provided an average accuracy of 85.96% for classifying 12 target construction tasks performed by two trades of workers, which was higher than two benchmark models. This experimental result indicated that integrating a concept of the human-object interaction offers great benefits in activity recognition when various trade workers coexist in a scene.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 1984

The effects of ionic strength and pH on the binding of cefazolin to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied by UV difference spectrophotometry. As ionic strength at constant pH and temperature increases, the apparent bining constant decreased but the number of binding sites remained almost constant at 2. The constancy of the number of binding sites with increasing the ionic strength suggests that purely electrostatic forces between BSA and drug do not have great importance in the drug binding, even though there is a decrease in the apparent binding constant. Thus, the effect of ionic strength on the interaction between drug and BSA may be explained by the changes in ionic atmosphere of the aggregated BSA molecules and competitive inhibition by phosphate ions. In addition, the higher apparent binding constant at high ionic strength is explained by conformational changes of BSA from its aggregate forms into subunits. The pH effects on the afinity of interactions indicated that the binding affinity of cefazoline is higher in the neutral region than in the alkaline region. An d at high pH value, the number of binding sites decreased from 2 to 1 because of the conformational change of BSA in the alkaline region.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2000

As the clinical practice of using more than one drug at a time increase, the clinician is faced with ever-increasing number of potential drug interactions. Although many interactions have little clinical significances, some may interfere with treatment or even be life-threatening. This review provides a better understanding of drug-drug interactions often encountered in pharmacotherapy of depression. Drug interactions can be grouped into two principal subdivisions : pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic. These subgroups serve to focus attention on possible sites of interaction as a drug moves from the site of administration and absorption to its site of action. Pharmacokinetic processes are those that include transport to and from the receptor site and consist of absorption, distribution on body tissue, plasma protein binding, metabolism, and excretion. Pharmacodynamic interactions occur at biologically active sites. In this review, emphasis is placed on antidepressant medications, how they are metabolized by the P450 system, and how they alter the metabolism of other drugs. When prescribing antidepressant medications, the clinician must consider the drug-drug interactions that are potentially problematic.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1073-1077
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• 2002

Binding of dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) to human and bovine hemoglobin and globin samples has been investigated in 50 mM glycine buffer pH = 10, I = 0.0318 and 300 K by equilibrium dialysis and temperature scanning spectrophotometry techniques and method for calculation of average hydrophobicity. The binding data has been analyzed, in terms of binding capacity concept $({\theta})$, Hill coefficient (nH) and intrinsic Gibbs free energy of binding $({\Delta}Gbv).$ The results of binding data, melting point (Tm) and average hydrophobicity show that human hemoglobin has more structural stability than bovine hemoglobin sample. Moreover the results of binding data analysis represent the systems with two and one sets of binding sites for hemoglobin and globin, respectively. It seems that the destabilization of hemoglobin structure due to removal of heme group, is responsible of such behavior. The results indicating the removal of heme group from hemoglobin caused the depletion of first binding set as an electrostatic site upon interaction with DTAB and exposing the hydrophobic patches for protein.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.145-148
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• 2001

The interaction between tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) with bovine ${\alpha}-lactalbumin$ has been investigated at pH = 9 and at $37^{\circ}C$ by isothermal titration calorimetry, equilibrium dialysis and UV-Vis spectrophotometry methods. The binding data from unusual Scatchard plot have been analyzed in terms of the Hill equation for three sets of binding sites. The calorimetric data show that TTAB interacts endothermically with ${\alpha}-lactalbumin$ and causes protein unfolding below 2 mM concentration of TTAB, which is confirmed by spectrophotometric data. The unfolding of the protein would be mainly due to occupation of the second set of binding sites.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

In today's media environment, TV programmers and advertisers must strive ever harder to attract the attention of audiences. Yet what may be even more crucial is engaging audiences in conversations on social media and nourishing stronger relationships. To provide insights into how to improve audience experiences through social media television coviewing (STVC) behaviors, this study investigates audience motivations for using social networking sites (SNSs) while watching sports program (i.e., social media television coviewing-STVC) and examines relationships between identified motivations and key audience engagement outcomes. The results reveal four motivations for STVC behaviors: sports-related interaction seeking, information seeking, convenience seeking, and socializing. Further, results reveal that sports-related interaction seeking, information seeking, and socializing motivations are significant predictors of satisfaction, investment, and commitment to the program. Audience engagement outcomes are not predicted, however, by convenience seeking or by variables pertaining to SNS-use regarding STVC behaviors.