• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.259-266
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• 1999

In case that pile cap is in direct contact with underlying soil, the bearing mechanism for pile groups, including direct bearing effect of cap and its induced influence on pile-soil-cap interaction, should be properly considered. In this paper, the effects of pile caps on behaviors of pile groups in sandy soils were investigated by model tests, which consist of tests on 3 by 3 pile groups with/without contact on subsoil, single pile with/without contact and cap as a shallow foundation. Also, the influences of pile spacing in group piles on contact effects were investigated. The test results showed that the load carrying capacity of pile cap was large enough not to be ignored. However, the interaction effects due to contact between cap and subsoils were not revealed obviously in working load range. And in the design of pile groups, the bearing effect of pile cap when contacted with subsoils, can be reflected by simply summing up load settlement behaviors of each cap and group piles without contact.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2002

The load interaction effect can be best illustrated by the phenomenon of overload retardation. Some prediction methods for retardation are reviewed and the problems discussed in the present paper. The so-called under-load effect much of the retardation disappears if a very low level minimum stress follows the overload, is also of importance for a prediction model to work properly under random load spectrum. The concept of Interactive Zone (IZ) fully considering reversed plasticity during unloading was discussed. This IZ concept can be combined with existing models to derive some improved models that can naturally take account of the under-load effect. Some simulations by IZ improved models for test under complex load sequences including multiple overloads and both over/under loads are compared with test results. It is seen that the improvement by IZ concept greatly enhanced the ability of existing models to accommodate complex load interaction effects.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.307-317
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• 2018

The current study explores the soil-structure interaction (SSI) effect on the potential seismic damage of mid-rise non-seismically designed reinforced concrete frames retrofitted by Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP). An 8-storey reinforced concrete frame poorly-confined due to transverse reinforcement deficiency is selected and then retrofitted by FRP wraps to provide external confinement. The poorly-confined and FRP retrofitted frames with/without SSI are modelled using hysteretic nonlinear elements. Inelastic time history and damage analyses are performed for these frames subjected to different seismic intensities. The results show that the FRP confinement significantly reduces one or two damage levels for the poorly-confined frame. More importantly, the SSI effect is found to increase the potential seismic damage of the retrofitted frame, reducing the effectiveness of FRP retrofitting. This finding, which is contrary to the conventionally beneficial concept of SSI governing for decades in structural and earthquake engineering, is worth taking into account in designing and evaluating retrofitted structures.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.347-368
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• 2012

Measuring the bridge frequencies indirectly from an instrumented test vehicle is a potentially powerful technique for its mobility and economy, compared with the conventional direct technique that requires vibration sensors to be installed on the bridge. However, road surface roughness may pollute the vehicle spectrum and render the bridge frequencies unidentifiable. The objective of this paper is to study such an effect. First, a numerical simulation is conducted using the vehicle-bridge interaction element to demonstrate how the surface roughness affects the vehicle response. Then, an approximate theory in closed form is presented, for physically interpreting the role and range of influence of surface roughness on the identification of bridge frequencies. The latter is then expanded to include the action of an accompanying vehicle. Finally, measures are proposed for reducing the roughness effect, while enhancing the identifiability of bridge frequencies from the passing vehicle response.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

This study identifies how marital interaction influences the marital instability of foreign wives. Data for the study were based on a snowball sampling of 101 foreign wives married to Korean husbands in Gyeongnam, Korea. The respondents reported higher levels of perceived spousal support, marital satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction, but reported lower levels of spousal hostility. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to identify the variables that affect marital instability. Independent variables included in the study were years married, religion, monthly income, educational level, perceived husband support, sexual satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and perceived husband hostility. While religion, educational level, sexual satisfaction, marital satisfaction, and perceived husband hostility had a strong effects on the marital instability of foreign wives, years of marriage, monthly income, and perceived husband support did not show significant effect on marital instability. Marital satisfaction had the strongest effect on marital instability.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2000

In order to study the insect-insect interaction of the insect community associated with Rumex obtusifolius. this experiment was designed in such a way that the feeding of one insect could indirectly affect the subsequent insect species through the changes in host plant (plant mediated insect-insect interaction ). Philaenus spumarius and Gastrophysa viridula were selected for the experiment. To investigate the effect of P. spumarius feeding on the ecology of G. viridula, first, statistical analyses were carried out. As results. no significant difference between Control and Experimental was found in the development patterns (Repeated Measures ANOVA, F=0.744, p=0.667) and survivorships (F=0.373. p=0.990). As the results from this experiment show, there was no effect on the ecology of G. viridula due to the previous feeding by P. spumarius on R. obtusifolius leaves.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권9_10호
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• pp.1320-1328
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• 2004

Purposes of the study were to find out the joint effects of two salient appearance cues-hair colors and hair lengths on males fashion images, using 729 university students in Daejon city and a Chungnam province. The study was a quasi experiment; the dependent variables were hair lengths(4 levels) and hair colors(4 levels)and the dependent variable was a set of semantic different of scales which was consisted of 40 hi-polar adjectives, The data were analyzed by a factor analysis, 3-way ANOVA, and the results were as follows. Hair lengths effected on the image of five dimensions, salient, social, potency, evaluate and dynamics while hair colors effected on salients, social and potency dimensions. The most significant interaction effect between hair color and lengths were existed on the salient image: For the longer haired males, the color effects became less evident then normal to shorten haired males and it can be concluded that when two salient cues were combined one cue's effect became discounted.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2004

Statistical design of experiments was successfully employed to investigate the effect of alternating magnetic field on activation of polycrystalline Si (p-Si) doped as n-type using $\textrm{PH}_3$, by full factorial design of three factors with two levels. In this design, the input variables are graphite size, alternating current, and activation time. The output parameter, sheet resistance, is analyzed in terms of the primary effects and multi-factor interactions. Notably, the three-factor interaction is calculated to be a dominant interaction. The interaction between graphite size and activation time and the main effect of current are important effects compared to the other variables and relevant interactions. Alternating magnetic flux activation is proved a significantly beneficial processing technique.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.605-612
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• 2006

765kV substation facilities are most important as electric power supply network in the 21 century. So, in order to prevent interruption of electric power supply under earthquake, 765kV substation facilities have to secure the safety against the earthquake. However, even though each substation facility is interconnected mutually, seismic interaction effect doesn't be considered in the initial design. Therefore, seismic capacity evaluation of 765kV substation facilities is carried out considering the seismic interaction effect on a basis of seismic design criteria for Korean transmission and substation facilities.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2014

The presence of cavities in the bone cement has a great importance for the transport of antibiotics, but its existence in this material can lead to its weakening by notch effect. The aim of this study allows providing a physical interpretation to the cavities interconnection by cracks observed experimentally. The most important stress of Von Mises is localized at the cement/bone interface near the free edge which is the seat of stress concentration. The presence and interaction of cavities in this site concentrate, by notch effect, stresses which tend to the tensile fracture stress of Bone cement.