• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.55-79
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• 2013

As arbitration becomes an increasingly popular mode of resolving disputes, neighboring industries begin to take notice. This interest is reflected in the increasing utilization of third party funding in international arbitration claims. In this regard, the third party funding industry appears particularly interested in investor-state arbitration claims because they typically involve considerable claim amounts and substantial legal fees. To examine this trend more closely, this paper, firstly, examines the investor-state arbitration more precisely in Chapter II. In Chapter III, this study continues to examine some legal issues which can arise as a result of a conflict of interest between the parties to the funding agreement including, inter alia, 1) a dispute in which the funder terminates the agreement during the arbitration proceedings, 2) a dispute in relation to a funder's intervention in arbitration proceedings, and 3) a dispute on the responsibility for adverse costs orders, if any. This paper further identifies major legal issues which can arise in relation to 1) disclosure of existence of the funding agreement, 2) attorney-client privilege. Lastly, in Chapter IV, this paper provides some lessons from an in-depth case study on third party funding agreements and solutions to avoid and to solve prospective disputes in the future.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1141-1151
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• 2020

The impact of sound speed variability in the sea is the very important on acoustic propagation for the underwater acoustic systems. Understanding of the temporal and spatial variability of ocean sound speed in the sea around the Ieodo were obtained using oceanographic data (temperature, salinity). from the Korea Oceanographic Data Center, collected by season for 17 years. The vertical distributions of sound speed are mainly related to seasonal variations and various current such as Chinese coastal water, Yellow Sea Cold Water (YSCW), Kuroshio source water. The standard deviations show that great variations of sound speed exist in the upper layer and observation station between 16 and 18. In order to quantitatively explain the reason for sound speed variations, Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis was performed on sound speed data at the Line 316 covering 68 cruises between 2002 and 2018. Three main modes of EOFs respectively revealed 55, 29, and 5% the total variance of sound speed. The first mode of the EOFs was associated with influence of surface heating. The second EOFs pattern shows that contributions of YSCW and surface heating. The first and second modes had seasonal and inter-annul variations.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.815-826
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• 2014

An improved bridgeless interleaved boost power factor correction (PFC) rectifier to improve power efficiency and component utilization is proposed in this study. With combined conventional bridgeless PFC circuit and interleaved technology, the proposed rectifier consists of two interleaved and magnetic inter-coupling boost bridgeless converter cells. Each cell operates alternatively in the critical conduction mode, which can achieve the soft-switching characteristics of the switches and increase power capacity. Auxiliary blocking diodes are employed to eliminate undesired circulating loops and reduce current-sensing noise, which are among the serious drawbacks of a dual-boost PFC rectifier. Magnetic component utilization is improved by symmetrically coupling two inductors on a unique core, which can achieve independence from each other based on the auxiliary diodes. Through the interleaved approach, each switch can operate in the whole line cycle. A simple control scheme is employed in the circuit by using a conventional interleaved controller. The operation principle and theoretical analysis of the converter are presented. A 600 W experimental prototype is built to verify the theoretical analysis and feasibility of the proposed rectifier. System efficiency reaches 97.3% with low total harmonic distortion at full load.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.725-745
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• 2009

In this paper, probabilistic seismic performance assessment of a typical non-seismic RC frame building representative of a large inventory of existing buildings in developing countries is conducted. Nonlinear time-history analyses of the sample building are performed with 20 large-magnitude medium distance ground motions scaled to different levels of intensity represented by peak ground acceleration and 5% damped elastic spectral acceleration at the first mode period of the building. The hysteretic model used in the analyses accommodates stiffness degradation, ductility-based strength decay, hysteretic energy-based strength decay and pinching due to gap opening and closing. The maximum inter story drift ratios obtained from the time-history analyses are plotted against the ground motion intensities. A method is defined for obtaining the yielding and collapse capacity of the analyzed structure using these curves. The fragility curves for yielding and collapse damage levels are developed by statistically interpreting the results of the time-history analyses. Hazard-survival curves are generated by changing the horizontal axis of the fragility curves from ground motion intensities to their annual probability of exceedance using the log-log linear ground motion hazard model. The results express at a glance the probabilities of yielding and collapse against various levels of ground motion intensities.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.269-285
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• 2007

This paper assesses the damage to high-set rectangular-plan houses with low-pitch gable roofs (built in the 1960 and 70s in the northern parts of Australia) to wind speeds experienced in tropical cyclones. The study estimates the likely failure mode and percentage of failure for a representative proportion of houses with increasing wind speed. Structural reliability concepts are used to determine the levels of damage. The wind load and the component connection strengths are treated as random variables with log-normal distributions. These variables are derived from experiments, structural analysis, damage investigations and experience. This study also incorporates progressive failures and considers the inter-dependency between the structural components in the house, when estimating the types and percentages of the overall failures in the population of these houses. The progressively increasing percentage of houses being subjected to high internal pressures resulting from damage to the envelope is considered. Results from this study also compare favourably with levels of damage and related modes of failure for high-set houses observed in post-cyclone damage surveys.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2016

This paper derives and analyzes a novel block fast Fourier transform (FFT) based joint detection algorithm. The paper compares the performance and complexity of the novel block-FFT based joint detector to that of the Cholesky based joint detector and single user detection algorithms. The novel algorithm can operate at chip rate sampling, as well as higher sampling rates. For the performance/complexity analysis, the time division duplex (TDD) mode of a wideband code division multiplex access (WCDMA) is considered. The results indicate that the performance of the fast FFT based joint detector is comparable to that of the Cholesky based joint detector, and much superior to that of single user detection algorithms. On the other hand, the complexity of the fast FFT based joint detector is significantly lower than that of the Cholesky based joint detector and less than that of the single user detection algorithms. For the Cholesky based joint detector, the approximate Cholesky decomposition is applied. Moreover, the novel method can also be applied to any generic multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권6B호
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• pp.1060-1067
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• 2000

MPEG-4 영상압축 방식은 객체지향적이다. 기존의 H.261, MPEG-1, MPEG-2에서 화면 전체를 부호화 해주는 것과 달리 MPEG-4에서는 한 화면을 물체, 배경 등 여러 객체들로 나누어 각각의 객체를 따로 부호화한다. 이렇게 전송된 객체들은 수신 단말기에서 다시 합성하여 완성된 화면으로 보여준다. MPEG-4의 형상 부호화는 화면에서 visual 객체에 해당하는 부분만을 부호화 해주는 부분이다. 본 논문에서는 MPEG-4 디코더가 형상 복호화의 표준 규격을 따르는지를 시험하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문은 BAB type을 결정하는 mode 복호화의 모든 경우와 Context-based Arithmetic 복호화의 Context computation에 대한 모든 경우에 대해 확인하는 방법을 제안하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2004년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.583-586
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 2.4 GHz대역에서 54 MbPs 고속 데이터 전송이 가능한 IEEE 802.11g 무선 LAN 시스템에서 사용되는 변조 방식인 CCK(Complementary Code Keying)의 클럭 동기에 대해서 연구했다. 수신단에서는 잡음 또는 페이딩에 의해 클럭 주파수 오차가 발생한다. 이 주파수 오차는 클럭 타이밍 오프셋을 발생시켜 ISI(InterSymbol Intorference)의 원인이 된다. 그러므로 클럭 타이밍 오프셋을 줄이기 위해서는 트렉킹이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 클럭 트렉킹을 위해 비동기 방식인 DLL(Delay Lock Loop)방식을 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. AWCN 환경과 실외 다중경로 페이딩 채널환경에 대한 지터 분산과 이에 따른 BER 성능을 비교한다.

• 대한교통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한교통학회 1998년도 Proceedings The 4th International Transport Symposium
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• pp.160-167
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• 1998

Recent world-wide interest in activity-based travel behavior modeling has generated an entirely new perspective on how the profession views the travel demand process. This paper seeks to further promote the case of activity-based travel behavior models by providing some empirical evidence of relationship between travel time and activity duration decision for worker with transportation panel data. The travel time from home to work and from work to home, without activity involvement, is estimated by the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. And, the travel time to and from the selected activity and the activity duration are modeled simultaneously by the Three Stage Least Squares (3SLS) method due to the endogenous relationship between travel time and activity duration. Two kinds of models, OLS and 3SLS, include selectivity bias corrections in a discrete/continuous framework, because of the inter-relationship between the choice of activity type/travel mode (discrete) and the travel time/activity duration (continuous). Estimation is undertaken using a sample of over 1300 household two-day trip diaries collected from the same travelers in the Seattle area in 1989. The behavioral consequences of these models provide interesting and provocative findings that should be of value to transportation policy formulation and analysis.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.55-58
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• 2013

Dioscin is a biologically active steroidal saponin with anticancer and hepatoprotective effects. A rapid, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatographic method with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the quantification of dioscin in rat plasma. Dioscin was extracted from rat plasma using ethyl acetate at acidic pH. The analytes were separated on a Halo C18 column using gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid and detected by tandem mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode. The standard curve was linear ($r^2$ = 0.998) over the concentration range of 1-100 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 1.0 ng/mL using 50 ${\mu}L$ of plasma sample. The coefficient of variation and relative error for intra- and inter-assay at four QC levels were 1.3 to 8.0% and -5.4 to 10.0%, respectively. This method was applied successfully to the pharmacokinetic study of dioscin after oral administration of dioscin at a dose of 29.2 mg/kg in male Sprague-Dawley rats.