• 융합보안논문지
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• 제14권6_2호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2014

이 연구는 경찰공무원의 조직문화와 직무특성 및 직무지속의지를 규명하는데 있다. 이 연구는 2012년 수도권소재(서울) 경찰공무원들을 연구대상으로 선정한 후 판단표집법(judgment sampling method)을 이용하여 최종분석에 이용된 사례 수는 총 187명이다. 분석방법은 SPSSWIN 18.0을 이용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 다중회귀분석 등을 실시하였다. 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경찰공무원의 조직문화는 직무특성에 영향을 미친다. 즉, 개발합의적 문화, 위계적 문화가 형성될수록 피드백은 증대되며, 위계적 문화, 합리적 문화가 형성될수록 직무중요성은 높다. 또한, 개발합의적 문화가 형성될수록 자율성은 높다. 둘째, 경찰공무원들의 조직문화는 직무지속의지에 영향을 미친다. 즉, 개발합의적 문화가 형성되면 직무기대만족은 증대 되는 반면 고의적불성실은 감소한다. 또한 위계적 문화가 형성될수록 위기지각 행동은 증가한다. 셋째, 경찰공무원의 직무특성은 직무지속의지에 영향을 미친다. 즉, 피드백과 직무중요성이 부각되면 직무기대만족은 증대되는 반면, 기능다양성은 감소한다. 또한 피드백 기능이 부각되면 위축요인을 감소한다. 직무중요성을 높게 인식할수록 고의적불성실을 증대되는 반면, 기능다양성은 감소한다. 기능다양성을 높게 인식할수록 대안기대는 증가하며, 직무중요성, 자율성, 기능다양성을 높게 인식할수록 위기지각은 증대된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제39권sup2호
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• pp.287-291
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• 2009

Purpose: The objective of this clinical presentation was to present a clinical case series report of socket preservation, sinus augmentation, and bone grafting using a horse-derived biomaterial. Methods: A horse-derived biomaterial was used in 8 patients for different indications including socket preservation following tooth extraction, osseous bone grafting, and sinus augementation procedures. Surgeries were performed by a well trained specialist and clinical radiographs were obtained at designated intervals. Biopsy cores of 2 ${\times}$ 8 mm prior to implant placement was obtained following a healing interval of 4 - 6 months. A clinical and histologic evaluation was performed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and biocompatibility of the biomaterial. Results: All surgeries in 8 patients were successful with uneventful healing except for one case with membrane exposure that eventually resulted with a positive outcome. Radiographic display of the healing phase during different intervals showed increased radiopacity of granular nature as the healing time increased. No signs of adverse effect or infection was observed clinically and the tissues surrounding the biomaterial seemed well-tolerated with good intentional healing. The augmented sinuses healed uneventfully suggesting in part, good biocompatibility of the biomaterial. Dental implants placed following socket preservation were inserted with high initial torque suggesting good initial stability and bone quality. Conclusions: Our results show that at least on a tentative level, a horse-derived biomaterial may be used clinically in socket preservation, sinus augmentation, bone grafting techniques with good intentional healing and positive results.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2010

임플란트 보철물에 의도적으로 불량 적합을 부여하고, 수직 하중을 가한 후 주변골에 발생되는 응력의 분포를 광탄성 모델을 이용하여 비교 하는 것이다. 광탄성 레진블록 3개를 제작하고 각각에 3개의 Restore$^{(R)}$ $4.0{\times}10$ mm 임플란트를 식립하였다. 대조군은 부적합이 없도록 제작하였고, 실험군은 각각의 금관을 절단하여 $100{\mu}m$의 부적합을 부여한 후 광탄성 응력분석을 시행하였다. 대조군의 경우 하중을 가하지 않으면 응력 집중을 보이지 않았으며, 하중을 가하더라도 그 부위만 응력 집중을 보였고, 중간에 하중을 가하면 전후방으로 응력이 분산되는 양상을 보였다. 의도적으로 부적합을 부여한 경우 하중을 가하지 않더라도 나사를 조이면 고정체 주위에 응력이 발생했고, 하중을 가한 경우 하중을 가한 부위를 포함하여 주변 임플란트에도 응력이 집중되었다. 특히, UCLA로 제작된 보철물이 원추형 중간 지대주를 사용한 경우에 비해 더욱 응력이 집중되었는데, 치근단에서 시작하여 치축을 따라 치경부까지 집중되었다. 보철물의 적합도가 좋지 않은 경우 하중을 가하지 않더라도 응력이 집중되며, 하중을 가할 경우 더욱 심한 응력 집중 양상을 보인다는 점은 정확한 보철물 제작의 중요성을 말하고 있다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.245-257
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• 1998

This study was performed to measure the changes of the mandibular movement and the masticatory muscular activities - anterior temporal and masseter muscle of both side - reflected by intentional increase of anterior guidance angie. For this study, 5 volunteers (3 males and 2 females with average age of 24.0) were selected. Each volunteer had Angle's classification I and did not have any missing tooth except third molar and any extensive restorations. Metallic guide plate was made at volunteer's working model fabricated by improved dental stone and cemented to the palatal surface of maxillary central incisor using resin cement(Panavia $21^{(R)}$) and then adjusted not to give any occlusal interferences at intercuspal position. The activity of masticatory muscles and the changes of mandibular movement were recorded by EMG and Sirognathograph in Biopak analysing system(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA). Measurement was done at before experiment, immediatley after placement, 1 week after placement, immediately after removal, and 1 week after removal. The results were as follows: 1. Moderate phonetic disturbance and mild headache were occured to 3 volunteers for 2 days after setting and 1 volunteer had positive reaction to percussion and slight midline diastema. But all of these clinical signs were diappeared 1 week after removal and the other volunteer did not have any special clinical sign. 2. In the EMG of the mandibular rest position, the mean value of anterior tempotal muscle was increased immediately after placement(p<0.01) and then decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.05) and increased 1 week after removal(p<0.05) but not recovered as before experiment. The mean value of masseter muscle was decreased during the experiment period. 3. In the EMG during mandibular protrusive movement, all muscular activity was decreased during the experiment period. Reduced activity was not recovered 1 week after removal(p<0.03). 4. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased immediately after placement(p<0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not statistically significant(p>0.1). Vertical movement was not shown significant difference during the experiment period(p>0.1). Lateral movement was decreased immediately after placement(p<0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not recovered as before experiment. The opening and closing velocity of mandible was shown minor changes but not statistically significant. 5. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.05) and then increased immediately after removal and recovered 1 week after removal as before experiment. Vertical movement was not shown significant changes. Lateral displacement of mandible was increased continuously and recovered 1 week after removal. Opening velocity was temporarily increased immediately after removal but recovered and closing velocity was not shown significant changes. 6. During the right side chewing, anteroposterior movement of mandible was increased immediately after removal but recovered and vertical movement was not shown statistically significant results. Lateral displacement and velocity of mandible were not shown significant results. 7. During the left side chewing, the changes of mandibular movement pattern were not shown statistically significant results.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2012

Purpose: Recent interest has focused on intentional replantation to restore an original tooth. Some studies have shown successful results with intentional replantation for periodontally involved teeth. For long-term success of replantation, a healthy periodontal status of the recipient site is required so that delayed replantation is more suitable for periodontally involved teeth. To reveal the ideal timing for delayed replantation of periodontally involved teeth, the healing process of extraction sockets after extraction of periodontitis-induced teeth in rats was evaluated. Methods: Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (n=8) and test group (n=20). In the test group, periodontitis was induced by a ligature around the cervix of the mandibular first molar of all of the rats. Two weeks later, the mandibular first molars were extracted in all of the animals. The animals were sacrificed on days 0, 3, 7, and 10 after extraction and histological and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Results: In histological analysis of the test group, inflammatory cell infiltrate was found abundantly in the remaining periodontium 3 days after tooth extraction and decreased gradually at later time points. In immunohistochemical analysis of the test group, both interleukin-6 (IL-6) and, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) were numerous in the furcation area at each postextraction day. IL-6 was stained more heavily between 3 and 7 days after extraction; at day 10 after extraction, little staining was observed. TNF-${\alpha}$ staining was more intense at 3 days after extraction and gradually weakened at later points in time. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it takes at least 10 days to resolve periodontal inflammation in rat extraction sockets.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2007

소아치과 임상에서는 외상성 손상에 의하거나 발치 도중 우발적으로 유치의 치근이 파절되는 경우가 종종 있다. 이런 경우 임상의들은 치근 파절편을 발치할지, 남겨둘지에 대해 간혹 고민하게 된다. 이같은 상황에서 잔근이나 파절편의 발치 시도가 계승치 배를 손상시킬 우려가 있을 경우에는 일반적으로 치근 파절편을 남겨두는 것이 추천되고 있다. 본 연구는 유치 잔근이나 파절편을 술자 의도적으로 잔존시킨 경우, 계승치의 맹출경로에 장애를 가하지 않고 소멸될 것인지의 예후를 확인해 볼 목적으로 잔근이나 치근 파절편을 의도적으로 남긴 3세 8개월${\sim}6$세 1개월 어린이 6명을 대상으로 $7{\sim}37$개월 동안 $2{\sim}3$개월 주기의 내원을 통하여 임상검사와 방사선검사를 시행하고 예후를 장기 관찰하였다. 관찰 결과, 5 증례에서 치근측 파절편은 생리적인 흡수과정을 통하여 크기가 축소되거나 소멸되었고, 1 증례에서는 계승치와 함께 밀려 출은하였으며 계승치의 맹출을 현저하게 지장을 초래한 경우는 나타나지 않았다. 본 관찰을 통하여 치조골 내에 남은 유치근 파절편이 계승치배에 근접한 경우, 이를 무리하게 발치하려 시도하기보다는 치배의 손상 가능성을 고려하여 잔존시키고 주기적인 검진을 통해 흡수 여부를 판단하며 예후 관리를 하는 방법의 타당성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2013

Purpose: Antidotes for toxicological emergencies can be life-saving. However, there is no nationwide stocking and delivery system for emergency antidotes in Korea. We report on a two-year experience of a nationwide stocking and delivery trial for emergency antidotes at emergency departments in Korea. Methods: An expert panel of clinical toxicologists reviewed and made a list of 15 stocked antidote. These antidotes were purchased or imported from other countries and delivered from 14 antidote stocking hospitals nationwide 24 hours per day, seven days per week. Results: From August 1, 2011 to April 30, 2013, 177 patients with acute poisoning, with a median age of 48.5 years, were administered emergency antidotes. The causes of poisoning were intentional in 52.0% and 88.0% were intentional as a suicide attempt. Regarding clinical severity, using the poisoning severity score, 40.7% of patients had severe to fatal poisoning and 39.0% had moderate poisoning according to clinical severity. The most frequent presenting symptom was neurologic deficit, such as altered mentality (62.7%). alerted mentality (62.7%). Emergency antidotes were administered as follows: methylene blue (49 cases), flumazenil (31), N-acetylcysteine (25), glucagon (17), 100% ethanol (15), cyanide antidote kit (12), anti-venin immunoglobulin (5), pyridoxine (4), hydroxocobalamine (2), and deferoxamine (1). The median time interval from antidote request to delivery at the patient's bedside was 95 minutes (interquartile range 58.8-125.8). Conclusion: Findings of this study demonstrated the possibility of successful operation of the nationwide system of emergency antidotes stocking and delivery in Korea.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2005

This study was done to analyze the contents of food and nutrition information in daily newspapers. Articles in four newspapers(Chosun, Donga, Hankook, Joongang Ilbo) published during November 2003 to April 2004 were monitored. In analysis, 216 articles were used. Classifying the articles by topics, cuisine/cooking $(19.4\%)$ and food/ nutrition related to diseases $(18.1\%)$ were most common. Articles regarding food sanitation or safety, obesity and diet accounted for $12.5\%$, respectively. Other topics in articles included food culture$(11.1\%)$, balanced meals/eating habits $(10.6\%)$ and functional foods $(7.9\%)$. About $77\%$ of articles were written for unspecified persons. Regarding the types of articles, news articles made up $44\%$ of monitored articles, followed by feature articles $(14.8\%)$, advertisement by articles $(12.9\%)$, serials by professionals $(11.6\%)$, and information of daily life $(8.8\%)$. Nineteen percent of articles did not have specific sources, while $20.8\%$ were based on interviews with professionals. Other sources of articles included research reports $(14.8\%)$, field reports $(12.1\%)$ and literature $(8.8\%)$. Contents analysis showed that four-fifth of articles were evaluated as 'contents and titles are consistent', 'not difficult to understand', 'contents are not exaggerated', and 'information is not overgeneralized'. Seventy-one percent of articles were evaluated positively on increasing awareness regarding food/nutrition, while $56.5\%$ were evaluated as providing practical information. The major problems in articles were 'intentional or indirect advertisements of specific items/companies' ($74.6\%$ of articles applicable), 'lacking in scientific basis/explanation' $(65.3\%)$, 'presenting unbalanced information due to focusing on specific area' $(46.7\%)$, 'unclearness of contents' $(38.4\%)$, and 'lacking in explanation of technical terms' $(35.2\%)$. To provide reliable information, stating the sources of articles clearly and supplementing the articles with scientific basis and balanced information on specific topics are needed. It is also necessary to explain the contents and technical terms clearly and to reduce the contents of intentional, indirect advertisement in nutrition-related articles.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.796-804
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• 2010

연속적인 채널 추정과 효율적인 처리를 위하여 comb type 파일럿 배치 방법을 사용하는 것이 중요하다. 그리고 OFDM의 높은 PAPR(Peak to Average Power Ratio)을 해결하기 위해 DFT-spreading OFDM 기법이 많이 사용된다. 그러나 파일럿 형태가 comb type이면 PAPR이 다시 증가하기 때문에, 본 논문에서는 PAPR을 다시 낮추기 위하여 comb type 파일럿을 사용하는 DFT-spreading OFDM 시스템에 SLM(Selective Mapping) 기법을 적용하였다. 그리고 SLM 사용에 따른 효과적인 부가 정보를 전송하기 위한 방법을 제시한다. 또한, SLM을 사용한 DFT-spreading OFDM 시스템은 파일럿과 부가 정보의 보존이 매우 중요하기 때문에 의도적인 재밍이나 의도적인 간섭에 반드시 보존되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 SLM 기반의 DFT-spreading OFDM의 재밍 신호에 대한 성능을 분석하였다. 재밍 신호나 의도적인 간섭에 취약한 DFT-spreading OFDM 방식의 단점을 보안하기 위해 주파수 도약방식을 사용하였고, MTJ(Multi Tone Jamming), PBJ(Partial Band Jamming)의 여러 조건의 재밍 환경을 고려하여 성능을 비교 분석하였다.

• 중소기업연구
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.19-41
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• 2020

우리나라는 불법행위로 인한 손해배상액 산정은 침해로 인한 일실이익에 대한 전보배상이 원칙이다. 그러나 우리나라는 대륙법계 국가로는 드물게 영미법상에 도입된 징벌적 손해배상제도를 도입하고 있다. 기술보호 관련 법률로는 2011년 하도급법에 도입된 이래, 2019년 특허법, 영업비밀보호법, 산업기술보호법, 상생협력법에 도입되었다. 징벌적 손해배상은 '고의'에 대한 판단이 특히 중요한데, 아직까지 판례가 축적되지 못한 관계로 미국의 판례를 참고할 필요가 있다. 대기업은 변호사의 자문 등을 통한 고의의 회피가 가능하나 중소기업은 제도 인식의 미비 등으로 오히려 징벌적 손해배상을 해주어야 하는 경우가 더 많아 질수도 있어 이들에 대한 정책적 배려가 필요하다. 특허법을 제외한 영업비밀보호법, 산업기술보호법, 하도급법, 상생협력법의 경우 징벌적 손해배상 도입에도 불구하고, 손해의 입증과 관련된 규정은 아직 정비가 되지 못한 상태이다. 따라서 입증자료 제출 범위 확대, 손해액 산정을 위한 자료인 경우에는 자료제출 명령의 대상으로 하고, 자료제출 명령을 따르지 않는 경우에는 침해에 대한 상대방의 주장을 진실한 것으로 인정하는 등 개정 특허법의 수준으로 정비될 필요가 있다. 영업비밀보호법의 경우 손해액의 추정에 있어 로열티 상당액의 산정에 있어서는 통상적인 금액이 아닌, 개정 특허법과 같이 '합리적'으로 추산된 금액을 받을 수 있도록 이를 고려하여 향후 개정될 필요가 있다. 한편, 산업기술보호법, 하도급법, 상생협력법은 손해액 추정규정 자체가 없는 상태이므로, 손해액 추정규정 도입에 대한 검토가 필요하다고 할 것이다. 아울러 신기술의 유출이나 탈취의 경우 기술가치 평가가 어렵다. 따라서 피해액 산정을 위한 모델개발과 함께 가치평가가 공신력 있는 기관에서 이루어질 필요가 있다.