• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.212-221
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• 2016

Android apps suffer from intent vulnerabilities in that they abnormally stop execution when Android components such as, activity, service, and broadcast receiver, take malformed intents. This paper proposes a method to prevent intent vulnerabilities by allowing programmers to write a specification on intents that a component expects to have, and by checking intents against the specification in runtime. By declaring intent specifications, we can solve the problem that one may miss writing conditional statements, which check the validity of intents, or one may mix those statements with another regular code, so making it difficult to maintain them. We perform an experiment by applying the proposed method to 7 Android apps, and confirm that many of abnormal termination of the apps because of malformed intents can be avoided by the intent specification based runtime assertion.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4248-4270
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• 2018

This research aims at a new practical Intent fuzzing tool for detecting Intent vulnerabilities of Android apps causing the robustness problem. We proposed two new ideas. First, we designed an Intent specification language to describe the structure of Intent, which makes our Intent fuzz testing tool flexible. Second, we proposed an automatic tally method classifying unique failures. With the two ideas, we implemented an Intent fuzz testing tool called Hwacha, and evaluated it with 50 commercial Android apps. Our tool offers an arbitrary combination of automatic and manual Intent generators with executors such as ADB and JUnit due to the use of the Intent specification language. The automatic tally method excluded almost 80% of duplicate failures in our experiment, reducing efforts of testers very much in review of failures. The tool uncovered more than 400 unique failures including what is unknown so far. We also measured execution time for Intent fuzz testing, which has been rarely reported before. Our tool is practical because the whole procedure of fuzz testing is fully automatic and the tool is applicable to the large number of Android apps with no human intervention.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 1995

The equipment composed of many complicated electronic stuffs undergoes diverse stresses caused by mechanical vibrations during its service. Thus, to ensure its proper operation in the field a simulated vibration test has to be carried out in the laboratory with the Vibration Qualification Level, the test specification, which can include the real environment. In this paper we intent to deal with method and procedure for determining the Vibration Qualification Level so as to estimate the vibration-endurance for the equipment precisely.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.565-573
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• 2016

Wi-Fi Direct standard technology(Wi-Fi Peer to Peer Technical Specifications v1.2, 2010) was designed for allowing peer to peer communication between two or more devices and various products which have been currently manufactured such as smart phone and smart TV have already provided this technical function. In this technology the role of Coordinator in Wi-Fi infrastructure would be matched to GO(Group Owner) which needs relatively high energy resource and computation power due to the high probability for allowing 3rd-party connection, however, the current standard specification would be limited in terms of energy distribution because it has not included a process to determine the role of GO. To address above problem, this paper classified considerable parameters into the general parameters for the physicality of devices and the specific parameters for considering the role position depending on use-case scenario, and proposed a new method called DIVA to help efficiently determining GO role from the member devices of Wi-Fi Direct network. Furthermore the effect of this mechanism was proved via simulation-based experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.550-552
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• 2008

A small hall thruster with a thrust of about 10 mN and a specific impulse of about 1500 s is being developed with an intent to control or maintain the orbits of small satellites. The total mass, consumed electric power and efficiency of the thruster are approximately 10 kg, 300W and 30%, respectively. The thruster system consists of a hall thruster with a cylindrical cross section, a power processing unit and a Xenon(Xe) gas feed system. Laboratory examination of the thruster performance finds that the thruster meets the design specification.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.11
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• pp.2679-2689
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• 1997

In this paper, a multimedia authoring system using temporal/spatial synchronization manager is designed and implemented to support easy and efficient generation of multimedia title. For this goal, a flowchart-oriented logic generator which represents a title author's design intent into a practical title composition logic without extra translation process, and a logic interpreter which translate and implement the generated title logic, are designed. Furthermore, a temporal/spatial synchronization manager which manages temporal/spatial synchronization information between media data for multimedia representation, is designed. Especially, a temporal specification model and MRL, a formal language for the model, are designed to synchronize the temporal relation between media objects. The MRL represents a complex temporal relation by simple and clear form, and synchronizes efficiently multimedia representation according to the author's intent. A presentation frame editor which makes coincidence between visible size of representation media and attachment point, is implemented for spatial synchronization.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.477-486
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• 2000

This paper is for the design and implementation of SGML document presentation system to format SGML document based on DSSSL. ISO/lEC proposed DSSSL as the technological standard for formatting and transforming SGML document. This paper shows the design of this system in accordance with the model defined in DSSSL. This system, which is able to provide Korean, has parsing function of arbitrary DTDs, SGML documents and DSSSL style sheets, and contains a formatter that can manage various specifications, such as graphs, lists, pictures, as well as text. This will satisfy a user's intent for exchange of SGML documents that involve format information between different types, greatly contribute to make up SGML document processing environment.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.85-111
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• 2012

Introduction : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceptual characteristics of consumers and intent of relational continuance for PB(Private Brand) products in discount stores. This study was conducted as an empirical study based on survey. For the empirical study, factors of PB products as characteristics perceived by consumers such as perceived quality, store image, brand image and perceived value were deduced from preceding studies. The effect of such factors on intent of relational continuance mediated by brand trust and brand equity of PB products was structurally examined. Research Model : Based on theory analysis and hypotheses, constructed a Structural Equation Model(SEM). The research model is shown in Figure 1. Research Method : This paper is based on s qualitative study of selected literature and empirical data. The survey for empirical study was carried out on consumers in Gyeonggi and Busan between January 2012 and May 2012. 300 surveys were distributed and 253 (84.3%) of them were returned. After excluding omissions and insincere responses, 245 surveys (81.6%) were used for final analysis as effective samples. Result : First of all, the Reliability was carried out for instrument used. The lower limit of 0.7 for Cronbach's Alpha as suggested by Hair et al. (1998). And Construct validity was established by carrying out exploratory factor analysis by Varimax rotation for all. Four factor result for the consumer's perceptual characteristics of PB Products, two mediating factors and one dependent factor. All constructs included in research framework have acceptable validity and reliability. Table 1 shows the factor loading, eigen value, explained variance and Cronbach's alpha for each factor. In order to assure validity of constructs, I implemented Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), using AMOS 20.0. In confirmatory factor analysis, researcher can take control over the specification of indicators for each factor by hypothesizing that a specific factor is loaded with the relevant indicators. Moreover, CFA is particularly useful in the validation of scale for the measurement of specific construct. CFA result summarized Table 2 shows that the fit measures of all constructs fulfill the recommended level and loadings are significant. To test causal relationship between constructs in the research model, used AMOS 20.0 that provides a graphic module as method for analysing Structural Equation Modeling. The result of hypothesis test is shown in Table 3. As a result of empirical study, perceived quality, brand image and perceived value as selected attributes for PB products showed significantly positive (+) effect on brand trust and brand equity. Furthermore, brand trust and brand equity showed significantly positive (+) effect on intent of relational continuance. However, store image of discount stores selling the PB products was analyzed to have positive (+) effect on brand trust and no significant effect on brand equity. Discussion : Based on the results of this study, the relationship between overall quality, store image, brand image and value perceived by consumers about PB products and intent of relational continuance was structurally verified as being mediated by brand trust and brand equity. Looking at the results, a strategic approach that maximizes brand trust and equity value for PB products by large discount stores is required on top of basic efforts to improve quality, brand image and value of PB products in order to maximize consumer's intent of relational continuance and to continuously attract repeated purchase of products.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-17
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• 2000

cdma2000 offers several enhancement as compared to TIA/EIA-95, although it remains fully compatible with TIA/EIA-95 systems and allows for a smooth migration from one to the other-Major new capability include:1)connectivity to GSM-MAP in addition to IP and IS-41 networks; 2) new layering with new LAC and MAC architectures for improved service multiplexing and QoS management and efficient use of radio resource ;3) new bands and band widths of operation in support of various operator need and constraints, as well as desire for a smooth and progressive migration to cdma 2000; and 4) flexible channel structure in support of multiple services with various QoS and variable transmission rates at up to 1 Mbps per channel and 2 Mbps per user. Given the phenomenal success of wireless services and desire for higher rate wireless services. improved spectrum efficiency was a major design goal in the elaboration of cdma2000. Major capacity enhancing features include; 1) turbo coding for data transmission: 2)fast forward link power control :3) forward link transmit diversity; 4) support of directive antenna transmission techniques; 5) coherent reverse link structure; and 6) enhanced access channel operation. As users increasingly rely on their cell phone at work and at home for voice and data exchange, the stand-by time and operation-time are essential parameters that can influence customer's satisfaction and service utilization. Another major goal of cdma2000 was therefore to enable manufacturers to further optimize power utilization in the terminal. Major battery life enhancing features include; 1) improved reverse link performance (i.e., reduced transmit power per information bit; 2) new common channel structure and operation ;3) quick paging channel operation; 4) reverse link gated transmission ; and 5) new MAC stated for efficient and ubiquitous idle time idle time operation. this article provides additional details on those enhancements. The intent is not to duplicate the detailed cdma2000 radio access network specification, but rather to provide some background on the new features of cdma2000 and on the qualitative improvements as compared to the TIA/EIA-95 based systems. The article is focused on the physical layer structure and associated procedures. It therefore does not cover the MAC, LAC, radio resource management [1], or any other signaling protocols in any detail. We assume some familiarity with the basic CDMA concepts used in TIA/EIA-95.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.1
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• pp.153-200
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• 1997

In languages such as Japanese, it is very common to observe that short peripheral vowel are completely voiceless when surrounded by voiceless consonants. This phenomenon has been known as Montreal French, Shanghai Chinese, Greek, and Korean. Traditionally this phenomenon has been described as a phonological rule that either categorically deletes the vowel or changes the [+voice] feature of the vowel to [-voice]. This analysis was supported by Sawashima (1971) and Hirose (1971)'s observation that there are two distinct EMG patterns for voiced and devoiced vowel in Japanese. Close examination of the phonetic evidence based on acoustic data, however, shows that these phonological characterizations are not tenable (Jun & Beckman 1993, 1994). In this paper, we examined the vowel devoicing phenomenon in Korean using data from ENG fiberscopic and acoustic recorders of 100 sentences produced by one Korean speaker. The results show that there is variability in the 'degree of devoicing' in both acoustic and EMG signals, and in the patterns of glottal closing and opening across different devoiced tokens. There seems to be no categorical difference between devoiced and voiced tokens, for either EMG activity events or glottal patterns. All of these observations support the notion that vowel devoicing in Korean can not be described as the result of the application of a phonological rule. Rather, devoicing seems to be a highly variable 'phonetic' process, a more or less subtle variation in the specification of such phonetic metrics as degree and timing of glottal opening, or of associated subglottal pressure or intra-oral airflow associated with concurrent tone and stricture specifications. Some of token-pair comparisons are amenable to an explanation in terms of gestural overlap and undershoot. However, the effect of gestural timing on vocal fold state seems to be a highly nonlinear function of the interaction among specifications for the relative timing of glottal adduction and abduction gestures, of the amplitudes of the overlapped gestures, of aerodynamic conditions created by concurrent oral tonal gestures, and so on. In summary, to understand devoicing, it will be necessary to examine its effect on phonetic representation of events in many parts of the vocal tracts, and at many stages of the speech chain between the motor intent and the acoustic signal that reaches the hearer's ear.