• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권11호
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• pp.1706-1712
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• 2012

The Beta-ray absorption method (BAM) gives a good solution for measuring the mass concentration of atmospheric particles(PM10 and PM2.5). To determine particular matters (PM) concentration, a ratio of the number of detected beta-ray intensity passing through the clean filter and the dust-sampled filter is used. These intensity data measured in air pollution monitoring such as PM10 and PM2.5 usually contained the additive noise(thermal noise, power supply noise and etc.). Therefore, the estimation performance of mass concentration can be deteriorated by these noises. In this paper, we present a new noise reduction method that is essentially required to develope an automatic continuous PM monitoring system using beta-ray absorption method. By combining the block data averaging technique and curve fitting, in the proposed method, the additive noise can be reduced in the measured data. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, computer simulations were performed with computer generated signals as the input.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.98-107
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• 2004

The objectives of this research are to establish the criteria of peel occurrence considering the shape of bond terminus and to compare the strength properties of some adhesive joints. The criteria of feel occurrence at the bond terminus was suggested. Peel loads of some adhesive joint(butt joint, T -shape specimen, single lap joint) were determined from tensile tests. Principal stress distributions of these joints were determined from finite element method analysis. Then, peel occurrence was estimated with intensity of stress singularity ' $K_{prin.}$' when the terminus shape was square, with average principal stress when the terminus shape was rounded. The conclusions are summarized as follows; (1) In the non-filleted model(e.g., butt joint, T-shape specimen), principal stress shows singularity at the bond terminus, intensity of stress(principal stress) singularity ' $K_{prin.}$&apso; can use as the criteria of peel occurrence at the bond terminus. (2) In the filleted model(e.g., single lap joint), principal stress doesn't show singularity at the bond terminus. Average principal stress can use as the criteria of peel occurrence at the bond terminus.'t show singularity at the bond terminus. Average principal stress can use as the criteria of peel occurrence at the bond terminus.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.373-380
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• 2007

Purpose: The objective of our study was to figure out costs of nursing services in ICU based on the PCS in order to determine an appropriate nursing fee schedule. Method: Data was collected from 2 hospitals from April 15-16 to April 22-23, 2003. The costs of nursing services in the ICU were analyzed by nursing time based on the nursing intensity. The inpatients in the ICU were classified by a PCS tool developed by the Korean Clinical Nurses Association(2000). Results: The distribution of patients by PCS in the ICU ranged from class IV to Class VI. The higher PCS in ICU consumed more nursing time. As a result, the higher nursing intensity, the more the daily average nursing costs in the ICU. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence to refine the current nursing fee schedule that does not differentiate from the volume of nursing services based on nursing time. We strongly recommend that the current reimbursement system for nursing services should be applied not only to the general nursing units but also to the ICU or other special nursing units.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 스페클 노이즈를 포함하는 SAR 영상에서 도로망과 같은 선형 구조를 검출하기 위하여 하이브리드 특징 검출 방법을 사용하였다. 먼저 국소적으로 이웃한 영역에 대하여 평균 밝기 비율 또는 통계적 특성을 고려하여 국소적 에지를 검출하였고, 도로에 대한 많은 정보를 위하여 양 검출기로부터 검출된 응답을 결합하였으며, 결합된 에지 세그먼트 중 도로에 일치하는 세그먼트를 결정하고, 연결하여 완전한 도로망을 검출하였다. 본 논문에서 도로망의 검출 방법으로 도로에 대한 일반적인 사전 지식을 MRF 모델로 정의하고, 제안한 세그먼트의 상호 작용 포인터 프로세서에 의한 에너지 함수를 최적화하여 도로망을 검출하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2014

In this study, regression equation was analyzed to estimate non-point source (NPS) pollutant loads in orchard area. Many factors affecting the runoff of NPS pollutant as precipitation, storm duration time, antecedent dry weather period, total runoff density, average storm intensity and average runoff intensity were used as independent variables, NPS pollutant was used as a dependent variable to estimate multiple regression equation. Based on the real measurement data from 2008 to 2012, we performed correlation analysis among the environmental variables related to the rainfall NPS pollutant runoff. Significance test was confirmed that T-P ($R^2=0.89$) and BOD ($R^2=0.79$) showed the highest similarity with the estimated regression equations according to the NPS pollutant followed by SS and T-N with good similarity ($R^2$ >0.5). In the case of regression equation to estimate the NPS pollutant loads, regression equations of multiplied independent variables by exponential function and the logarithmic function model represented optimum with the experimented value.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.233-247
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• 1999

Traffic accidents are normally caused by late or faulty judgements due to the driver's inaccurate estimation of the distance, velocity, and acceleration from the surrounding vehicles as well as his carelessness or inattention. Thus, the development of collision avoidance systems is motivated by their great potential for increased vehicle safety. A typical collision avoidance system consists of the forward-looking sensor, the criteria for activation of collision warming and avoidance, the collision avoidance maneuvers, and the user interface. This thesis is concerned with the development of a collision warning algorithm in which the driver is warned of approaching collision with the visual and/or the audible signals . The warning algorithm based on fuzzy logic is presented here based on new warning criteria. It has been newly derived from the conventional warning equation by adding a new input variable of the required deceleration to avoid collision. The algorithm is also able to adapt to the individual driver's taste along with the different road conditions by externally controlling the warning intensity. Finally , the proposed algorithm has been validated using computer simulation.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.379-389
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• 2003

Purpose: The objective of our study was to figure out costs of nursing services in general nursing units based on the PCS in order to determine an appropriate nursing fee schedule. Method: The data were collected from 8 hospitals from September 9 to October 8, 2002. The costs of nursing services in general nursing units was analyzed by nursing hours based on the nursing intensity. The inpatient in the general nursing units were classified by Park's PCS tool(2000). Results: The distribution of patients by PCS ranged from class I to Class III in general nursing units. The higher PCS in general nursing units consumed more nursing hours. As a result, the higher nursing intensity, the more the daily average nursing costs in general nursing units. Conclusion: We found that the higher PCS, the more the daily average nursing costs in general nursing units. In conclusion, our study provides the evidence to refine the current nursing fee schedule that it does not differentiated from the volume of nursing services based on the nursing hours.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.32-36
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• 2013

The large-scale structures have the possibility that there are defects such as cracks due to stress concentration caused by geometric discontinuities in the structure. In this respect, the assessment of fatigue life and the development of structural health monitoring(SHM) are very important. Fatigue design of structure is typically accomplished either using a set of stress cycle (S-N) data obtained from fatigue tests or using the fracture mechanics approach. The stress intensity factor(SIF) is required for the estimation of fatigue crack propagation life from the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) perspective. In this study, Macro Fiber Composie(MFC) sensor for the measurement of SIF of two dimensional cracks is used. The SIF based on the piezoelectric constitutive law and fracture mechanics are calculated. The measured values of the SIF are later used for the prediction of the crack propagation life. In this study, the measured value of the SIF and the fatigue life are compared with the theoretical results.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2004

From the Beckmann's reflection model of wave incident, reflected light from a surface is known to have not only specular but also diffuse components. The specular component dominant a surface for a mirror-like surface is distributed on the almost the same area as the spot on the surface, but the diffuse component region dominant f3r a rough surface spreads scattered on the larger areas than the spot. Therefore, statistic parameters from the scattered light distribution are more meaningful in the diffuse region, while the magnitude of rather meaning in the specular region. In usual, there need two sensors to acquire two kinds of information: Photo-detector for light intensity magnitude and image sensor for light intensity distribution. But dual sensor scheme requires a beam splitter usually to feed light to each sensor, and moreover there is not a combination rule to relieve the different sensor characteristics. In this study a new method is proposed for acquisition of the dual information using only an image sensor. Specular region is established on an image area being distinguished from a diffuse component, and laser power is adjusted so that no pixel of the image sensor in the specular region is saturated. Simulation based on the light reflection theory and the experimental results are quite well matched, and thus the proposed method was proved to be very useful for mirror-like surface measurement.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2018

This study implemented the prediction of drought properties (number of drought events, intensity, duration) using the user-oriented systematical procedures of downscaling climate change scenarios based the multiple global climate models (GCMs), AIMS (APCC Integrated Modeling Solution) program. The drought properties were defined and estimated with Effective Drought Index (EDI). The optimal 10 models among 29 GCMs were selected, by the estimation of the spatial and temporal reproducibility about the five climate change indices related with precipitation. In addition, Simple Quantile Mapping (SQM) as the downscaling technique is much better in describing the observed precipitation events than Spatial Disaggregation Quantile Delta Mapping (SDQDM). Even though the procedure was systematically applied, there are still limitations in describing the observed spatial precipitation properties well due to the offset of spatial variability in multi-model ensemble (MME) analysis. As a result, the farther into the future, the duration and the number of drought generation will be decreased, while the intensity of drought will be increased. Regionally, the drought at the central regions of the Korean Peninsula is expected to be mitigated, while that at the southern regions are expected to be severe.