• 제목/요약/키워드: integration education

검색결과 1,125건 처리시간 0.023초

지역사회가 가족관계만족에 미치는 영향 : 한국 가족행복종합지수를 중심으로 (The Impact of Community on Family Relations Satisfaction : Focusing on the Family Happiness Composite Index in Korea)

  • 오영은;추주희;고광이
    • 지역과문화
    • /
    • 제7권2호
    • /
    • pp.173-202
    • /
    • 2020
  • 이 연구는 가족관계와 지역사회 환경의 관계를 살피고, 가족을 둘러싼 지역 환경을 객관적으로 비교함으로써 지역의 가족친화성 제고방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 가족관계 만족도에 영향을 주는 사회문화적, 경제적 차원의 영역을 검토하였으며, 특히 지역사회지표로 개발된 한국가족행복종합지수(이하, 종합지수)를 활용하여, 지역별 종합지수 변화 추이를 분석하였다. 이 연구에서 활용한 종합지수는 국가통계포털의 「e-지방지표」에서 공시한 지역사회지표를 활용하였으며, 이 변수들은 가족관계만족도와 연관된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 가족행복종합지수의 7개 영역(인구가족, 건강문화, 교육, 소득소비, 고용노동, 주거 교통, 환경 및 사회통합)을 비교하여 10년간 추이를 검토하였다. 연구결과, 2008년도부터 2018년도까지 종합지수의 전국 평균점수는 점점 상승하고 있었다. 전반적으로 가족관계만족도에 영향을 주는 지역사회환경 역시 개선되고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 상위레벨에 속한 지역은 전남, 강원, 충남, 전북, 경북으로 비수도권 및 농촌권역이었다. 하위레벨에 속한 지역은 서울, 부산, 대구, 인천, 광주로 모두 특광역시로 대도시권역이다. 전반적으로 하위레벨에 속한 지역들은 인구 밀집 및 과밀도에 비해 관련 물리적 인프라가 충분하지 않았으며 조금씩 개선하고 있었으나, 지역민의 욕구를 반영하고 삶의 질을 개선할 수 있을 만큼은 아니었다. 향후 가족관계의 질을 향상할 수 있는 각 지역별 맞춤형 정책 마련을 위해서 보다 정기적이고 보완된 지표 개발이 필요하다. 또한 사회적 재난으로 인한 사회경제적 위기가 각 영역별, 지역별 미친 영향과 향후 변화추이를 지속적으로 검토할 필요가 있음을 제언하였다.

국가통계자료를 활용한 조경산업 현황 연구 (A Study on Status of Landscape Architecture Industry with National Statistics)

  • 최자호;윤영관;구본학
    • 한국조경학회지
    • /
    • 제50권5호
    • /
    • pp.40-53
    • /
    • 2022
  • 조경산업 관련 국가기관, 조경단체, 기업 등의 정책 수립 및 입안, 결정에 타당한 근거로서, 체계적 국가통계자료 활용은 필수적이다. 이에 본 연구는 조경산업 현황을 가늠하는데 필요한 국가통계자료 활용방법론 및 기초현황 자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 먼저, 조경산업을 '설계', '사업관리', '시공', '유지관리', '소재', '연구', '교육', '행정' 분야로 분류하고, 각 분야별로 한국표준산업분류 및 건설관계법령에 따른 업종을 체계화하여 연계하였다. 이 중 국토교통부 소관 건설관계법령에 직접 규정된 업종을 중심으로 국가통계자료의 구축·연계·통합·보급, 중복성, 누락 등을 조사·분석하여, 통계분석 업종을 선정하였다. 그리고, 통계항목의 공통성, 해석 오류 최소화를 위해 의미분석을 수행하고, 최종적으로 업종등록수, 종사자수, 매출액을 선정하였다. 이를 기준으로 산업현황의 기초적 분석·평가에 활용가능한 분석틀을 제시하고, 실제 국가통계자료를 대입하여 분석·평가하였다. 즉 2019년에 조경산업 관련 업종에 등록된 건수는 12,160개, 업종별 종사자수는 106,296명, 업종별 매출액은 83,085억원으로 나타났다. 한편, 2017년부터 업종등록수, 종사자수는 지속 증가하는 반면, 매출액은 감소하고 있어, 산업적 발전방안 마련이 요구되는 상황이다. 본 연구는 다수 공공기관에서 구축된 국가통계자료를 기반으로 수행함에 따라 일관성 및 신뢰성 확보에 한계가 있다. 이에 「조경진흥법」에 따른 체계적·일관적 국가통계자료 구축이 필요하다. 향후, 공원녹지 등 주제별 국가통계자료 활용방안 및 발전방안 등을 연구하고자 한다.

참여자관점에서 공급사슬관리 시스템의 성공에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 실증연구 (An Empirical Study on the Determinants of Supply Chain Management Systems Success from Vendor's Perspective)

  • 강성배;문태수;정윤
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
    • /
    • 제20권3호
    • /
    • pp.139-166
    • /
    • 2010
  • The supply chain management (SCM) systems have emerged as strong managerial tools for manufacturing firms in enhancing competitive strength. Despite of large investments in the SCM systems, many companies are not fully realizing the promised benefits from the systems. A review of literature on adoption, implementation and success factor of IOS (inter-organization systems), EDI (electronic data interchange) systems, shows that this issue has been examined from multiple theoretic perspectives. And many researchers have attempted to identify the factors which influence the success of system implementation. However, the existing studies have two drawbacks in revealing the determinants of systems implementation success. First, previous researches raise questions as to the appropriateness of research subjects selected. Most SCM systems are operating in the form of private industrial networks, where the participants of the systems consist of two distinct groups: focus companies and vendors. The focus companies are the primary actors in developing and operating the systems, while vendors are passive participants which are connected to the system in order to supply raw materials and parts to the focus companies. Under the circumstance, there are three ways in selecting the research subjects; focus companies only, vendors only, or two parties grouped together. It is hard to find researches that use the focus companies exclusively as the subjects probably due to the insufficient sample size for statistic analysis. Most researches have been conducted using the data collected from both groups. We argue that the SCM success factors cannot be correctly indentified in this case. The focus companies and the vendors are in different positions in many areas regarding the system implementation: firm size, managerial resources, bargaining power, organizational maturity, and etc. There are no obvious reasons to believe that the success factors of the two groups are identical. Grouping the two groups also raises questions on measuring the system success. The benefits from utilizing the systems may not be commonly distributed to the two groups. One group's benefits might be realized at the expenses of the other group considering the situation where vendors participating in SCM systems are under continuous pressures from the focus companies with respect to prices, quality, and delivery time. Therefore, by combining the system outcomes of both groups we cannot measure the system benefits obtained by each group correctly. Second, the measures of system success adopted in the previous researches have shortcoming in measuring the SCM success. User satisfaction, system utilization, and user attitudes toward the systems are most commonly used success measures in the existing studies. These measures have been developed as proxy variables in the studies of decision support systems (DSS) where the contribution of the systems to the organization performance is very difficult to measure. Unlike the DSS, the SCM systems have more specific goals, such as cost saving, inventory reduction, quality improvement, rapid time, and higher customer service. We maintain that more specific measures can be developed instead of proxy variables in order to measure the system benefits correctly. The purpose of this study is to find the determinants of SCM systems success in the perspective of vendor companies. In developing the research model, we have focused on selecting the success factors appropriate for the vendors through reviewing past researches and on developing more accurate success measures. The variables can be classified into following: technological, organizational, and environmental factors on the basis of TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) framework. The model consists of three independent variables (competition intensity, top management support, and information system maturity), one mediating variable (collaboration), one moderating variable (government support), and a dependent variable (system success). The systems success measures have been developed to reflect the operational benefits of the SCM systems; improvement in planning and analysis capabilities, faster throughput, cost reduction, task integration, and improved product and customer service. The model has been validated using the survey data collected from 122 vendors participating in the SCM systems in Korea. To test for mediation, one should estimate the hierarchical regression analysis on the collaboration. And moderating effect analysis should estimate the moderated multiple regression, examines the effect of the government support. The result shows that information system maturity and top management support are the most important determinants of SCM system success. Supply chain technologies that standardize data formats and enhance information sharing may be adopted by supply chain leader organization because of the influence of focal company in the private industrial networks in order to streamline transactions and improve inter-organization communication. Specially, the need to develop and sustain an information system maturity will provide the focus and purpose to successfully overcome information system obstacles and resistance to innovation diffusion within the supply chain network organization. The support of top management will help focus efforts toward the realization of inter-organizational benefits and lend credibility to functional managers responsible for its implementation. The active involvement, vision, and direction of high level executives provide the impetus needed to sustain the implementation of SCM. The quality of collaboration relationships also is positively related to outcome variable. Collaboration variable is found to have a mediation effect between on influencing factors and implementation success. Higher levels of inter-organizational collaboration behaviors such as shared planning and flexibility in coordinating activities were found to be strongly linked to the vendors trust in the supply chain network. Government support moderates the effect of the IS maturity, competitive intensity, top management support on collaboration and implementation success of SCM. In general, the vendor companies face substantially greater risks in SCM implementation than the larger companies do because of severe constraints on financial and human resources and limited education on SCM systems. Besides resources, Vendors generally lack computer experience and do not have sufficient internal SCM expertise. For these reasons, government supports may establish requirements for firms doing business with the government or provide incentives to adopt, implementation SCM or practices. Government support provides significant improvements in implementation success of SCM when IS maturity, competitive intensity, top management support and collaboration are low. The environmental characteristic of competition intensity has no direct effect on vendor perspective of SCM system success. But, vendors facing above average competition intensity will have a greater need for changing technology. This suggests that companies trying to implement SCM systems should set up compatible supply chain networks and a high-quality collaboration relationship for implementation and performance.

간호개념에 대한 기초조사 (The Empirical Exploration of the Conception on Nursing)

  • 백혜자
    • 대한간호학회지
    • /
    • 제11권1호
    • /
    • pp.65-87
    • /
    • 1981
  • The study is aimed at exploring concept held by clinical nurses of nursing. The data were collected from 225 nurses conviniently selected from the population of nurses working in Kang Won province. Findings include. 1) Nurse's Qualification. The respondents view that specialized knowledge is more important qualification of the nurse. Than warm personality. Specifically, 92.9% of the respondents indicated specialized knowledge as the most important qualification while only 43.1% indicated warm personality. 2) On Nursing Profession. The respondents view that nursing profession as health service oriented rather than independent profession specifically. This suggests that nursing profession is not consistentic present health care delivery system nor support nurses working independently. 3) On Clients of Nursing Care The respondents include patients, family and the community residents in the category of nursing care. Specifically, 92.0% of the respondents view that patient is the client, while only 67.1% of nursing student and 74.7% of herself. This indicates the lack of the nurse's recognition toward their clients. 4) On the Priority of Nursing care. Most of the respondents view the clients physical psychological respects as important component of nursing care but not the spiritual ones. Specially, 96.0% of the respondents indicated the physical respects, 93% psychological ones, while 64.1% indicated the spiritual ones. This means the lack of comprehensive conception on nursing aimension. 5) On Nursing Care. 91.6% of the respondents indicated that nursing care is the activity decreasing pain or helping to recover illness, while only 66.2% indicated earring out the physicians medical orders. 6) On Purpose of Nursing Care. 89.8% of the respondents indicated preventing illness and than 76.6% of them decreasing 1;ai of clients. On the other hand, maintaining health has the lowest selection at the degree of 13.8%. This means the lack of nurses' recognition for maintaining health as the most important point. 7) On Knowledge Needed in Nursing Care. Most of the respondents view that the knowledge faced with the spot of nursing care is needed. Specially, 81.3% of the respondents indicated simple curing method and 75.1%, 73.3%, 71.6% each indicated child nursing, maternal nursing and controlling for the communicable disease. On the other hand, knowledge w hick has been neglected in the specialized courses of nursing education, that is, thinking line among com-w unity members, overcoming style against between stress and personal relation in each home, and administration, management have a low selection at the depree of 48.9%,41.875 and 41.3%. 8) On Nursing Idea. The highest degree of selection is that they know themselves rightly, (The mean score measuring distribution was 4.205/5) In the lowest degree,3.016/5 is that devotion is the essential element of nursing, 2.860/5 the religious problems that human beings can not settle, such as a fatal ones, 2,810/5 the nursing profession is worth trying in one's life. This means that the peculiarly essential ideas on the professional sense of value. 9) On Nursing Services. The mean score measuring distribution for the nursing services showed that the inserting of machine air way is 2.132/5, the technique and knowledge for surviving heart-lung resuscitating is 2.892/s, and the preventing air pollution 3.021/5. Specially, 41.1% of the respondents indicated the lack of the replied ratio. 10) On Nurses' Qualifications. The respondents were selected five items as the most important qualifications. Specially, 17.4% of the respondents indicated specialized knowledge, 15.3% the nurses' health, 10.6% satisfaction for nursing profession, 9.8% the experience need, 9.2% comprehension and cooperation, while warm personality as nursing qualifications have a tendency of being lighted. 11) On the Priority of Nursing Care The respondents were selected three items as the most important component. Most of the respondents view the client's physical, spiritual: economic points as important components of nursing care. They showed each 36.8%, 27.6%, 13.8% while educational ones showed 1.8%. 12) On Purpose of Nursing Care. The respondents were selected four items as the most important purpose. Specially,29.3% of the respondents indicated curing illness for clients, 21.3% preventing illness for client 17.4% decreasing pain, 15.3% surviving. 13) On the Analysis of Important Nursing Care Ranging from 5 point to 25 point, the nurses' qualification are concentrated at the degree of 95.1%. Ranging from 3 point to 25, the priorities of nursing care are concentrated at the degree of 96.4%. Ranging from 4 point to 16, the purpose of nursing care is concentrated at the degree of 84.0%. 14) The Analysis, of General Characteristics and Facts of Nursing Concept. The correlation between the educational high level and nursing care showed significance. (P < 0.0262). The correction between the educational low level and purpose of nursing care showed significance. (P < 0.002) The correlation between nurses' working yeras and the degree of importance for the purpose of nursing care showed significance (P < 0.0155) Specially, the most affirmative answers were showed from two years to four ones. 15) On Nunes' qualification and its Degree of Importance The correlation between nurses' qualification and its degree of importance showed significance. (r = 0.2172, p< 0.001) 0.005) B. General characteristics of the subjects The mean age of the subject was 39 ; with 38.6% with in the age range of 20-29 ; 52.6% were male; 57.9% were Schizophrenia; 35.1% were graduated from high school or high school dropouts; 56.l% were not have any religion; 52.6% were unmarried; 47.4% were first admission; 91.2% were involuntary admission patients. C. Measurement of anxiety variables. 1. Measurement tools of affective anxiety in this study demonstrated high reliability (.854). 2. Measurement tools of somatic anxiety in this study demonstrated high reliability (.920). D. Relationship between the anxiety variables and the general characteristics. 1. Relationship between affective anxiety and general characteristics. 1) The level of female patients were higher than that of the male patient (t = 5.41, p < 0.05). 2) Frequencies of admission were related to affective anxiety, so in the first admission the anxiety level was the highest. (F = 5.50, p < 0.005). 2, Relationship between somatic anxiety and general characteristics. 1) The age range of 30-39 was found to have the highest level of the somatic anxiety. (F = 3.95, p < 0.005). 2) Frequencies of admission were related to the somatic anxiety, so .in first admission the anxiety level was the highest. (F = 9.12, p < 0.005) 0. Analysis of significant anxiety symptoms for nursing intervention. 1. Seven items such as dizziness, mental integration, sweating, restlessness, anxiousness, urinary frequency and insomnia, init. accounted for 96% of the variation within the first 24 hours after admission. 2. Seven items such as fear, paresthesias, restlessness, sweating insomnia, init., tremors and body aches and pains accounted for 84% of the variation on the 10th day after admission.

  • PDF

근대 전환기 심재 조긍섭의 두(杜)·소시(蘇詩) 화운시 (Hwaunsi(和韻詩) on the Poems of Tu Fu(杜甫) and Su Shi(蘇軾) Written by Simjae(深齋) Cho Geung-seop(曺兢燮) in the Turning Point of Modern Era)

  • 김보경
    • 동양고전연구
    • /
    • 제56호
    • /
    • pp.35-73
    • /
    • 2014
  • 본고는 근대 전환기 심재(深齋) 조긍섭(曺兢燮)(1873-1933)의 시세계를 화운시(和韻詩)를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 그의 시에는 화운시 특히 두보(杜甫)와 소식(蘇軾) 시에 대한 화운시가 많다. 이것은 그가 격변의 시기에 가장 전통적인 방법으로 한시창작에 임했던 중세적 시인이었음을 가늠케 한다. 화운시를 놓고 보았을 때 그의 창작 생애는 대략 40세가 전환의 기점이 된다. 40세 이전에는 두 소뿐만 아니라 그 밖에 당(唐) 송(宋) 및 명(明) 청(淸) 대(代) 시인들, 우리나라의 이황(李滉) 등 화운의 대상이 폭넓게 나타난다. 40세 이후에는 두 소에 대한 화운은 줄어드는 대신 지역과 관련된 우리나라 인물의 시에 화운하는 예가 종종 발견된다. 연령으로는 30대에 지은 것이 가장 많다. 심재는 시재(詩才)의 온전함과 의경(意境)의 통달함을 꼽으며 두보를 '시인의 집대성(集大成)'이라 일컬었다. 그런 인식을 반영하듯이 두시 화운시도 주제와 의경이 다양하게 드러난다. 소시(蘇詩)에 대해서는 그가 따로 생각을 밝힌 바 없으나 일정한 애호를 가지고 있었던 것으로 보인다. 원시에 대한 밀착도는 두시가 소시보다 비교적 더 높게 나타난다. 거칠게 말하면 두보에 대해서는 닮고자 하면서 자기 개성을 찾아나가는 방향이라면, 소식에 대해서는 닮으려 하기보다 계기로 활용해서 자기 의사를 드러내려는 측면이 좀 더 많은 것으로 생각된다. 신중하게 보아야 할 것은 그가 화운시를 짓되 일방적인 모방에 그치지 않고 대조와 차이의 미학을 만들어 내고 있다는 점이다. 그 주제와 의경을 그대로 가져오기보다는 창작의 계기는 공유하되 시 안에 자기 뜻을 기탁해 새로운 의미를 만드는 경우가 많다. 소시 화운시는 전반적으로 원시와의 밀착력이 더 희박한 편이다. 이것은 화운이라는 제약이 많은 창작 방법을 활용하면서도 그에 전적으로 지배되지 않고 자신의 주제와 개성을 만들기 위해 노력한 흔적이라고 할 수 있다. 그런데 두 소시 화운시가 40세 이후로는 별로 지어지지 않는다는 점이 주목된다. 이것은 어쩌면 화운시 '안'에서의 노력만으로는 더 이상 감당하기 어려운 문학적 현실을 자각한 때문은 아닐까. 예컨대 그는 1919년 소식의 옥중시(獄中詩)를 차운해 4수를 짓고 다시 <구중잡제(拘中雜題)[팔수(八首)]>를 지었다. 이것저것 읊은 이 잡제에는 누구의 운에도 제약되지 않은 그의 복잡다단한 심사와 정회가 다종하게 분출되어 있다. 심재의 화운시는 근대 전환기에 한시의 아비투스가 생존했던 현실과 그 인상적인 생존 방식을 증언해 준다. 화운시 창작은 분명 그의 호고(好古)적 성향을 반영하는 것이나, 이면에는 근대적 문자 변동에 저항하는 심리가 일정하게 작용했을 것으로 판단된다. 아울러 유의할 것은 그것이 두 소시에 대한 일방적인 모습(模襲)과 같은 반동적 방향으로 내닿지는 않았다는 사실이다. 그가 한계 속에서도 자기 개성과 목소리를 내기 위해 노력했다는 점을 다시 한 번 의미 있게 새길 필요가 있다. 요컨대, 심재의 화운시는, 새로움과 기이함, '근대'라는 이름의 시도에 이목을 붙들렸던 근대 한시사에서 '접혀 있던' 한쪽 얼굴, 그 평면이 아닌 입체로서의 얼굴을 펼쳐 보게 하는 의의가 있다.