• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.352-361
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• 1998

The post-processing modules are parts of an integrated system for reinforced concrete structures. This modules are composed of two modules: member design module and calculation report module. The purpose of this paper is to develope modules that increase efficiency and usefulness of an integrated system used reinforced concrete structures design. The development of post-processing modules is necessary for user to design reinforced concrete structures conveniently and quickly. This modules are connected with central database for the benefit of storing amount of input/output data and being used system with little effort. Post-processing modules used Object-Oriented concepts and techniques include identity, classification, polymorphism, and inheritance. Member design module automatically converts no good members into satisfied members by changing section size or reinforcement bar arrangement. This module can be operated both independent member design modules with user input and a part of integrated system with database input. If user operates member design module, calculation report module is created automatically.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.189-196
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• 1997

The development of computer integrated systems for structural design requires models to describe and organize information and activities involved in design. An entity-based integrated design model involves a number of product and process entities. Product entities and process entities describe design information and design activities, respectively. One type of relationships among entities is interaction relationships, which describe interdependencies among design information. The interaction relationships can be represented as constraints. Types of constraints include demand constraints, dependency constraints, and interaction constraints. The concepts of representing and processing demand constraints in an entity-based integrated design model are presented.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.42-51
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• 2019

This study tests the applicability of concepts of integrated leadership-in-government and follower happiness in South Korea and then comes up with implication and limitations on the applicability based on the study of Mathias et al. (2018). The study adopts eight leaderships: accountability, rule-following, political loyalty, network governance, task-oriented, relations-oriented, change-oriented and diversity-oriented leadership that Mathias et al. (2018) employ from Fernandez et al. (2010) and Tummers and Knies (2016). We also select job satisfaction and self-perceived performance to measure follower happiness depending on Mathias et al. (2018). According to the analytical results, it shows that accountability leadership, network governance leadership, task-oriented leadership, relations-oriented leadership, and change-oriented leadership have positive influences on follower happiness measured. Based on the analytical results, this study suggests implication and limitation on the applicability of the link between integrated leadership and follower happiness in comparison to the results from Mathias et al. (2018).

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.10
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• pp.198-226
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• 2004

This paper analyses the theories and practices of the integrated management of records and archives in china which means that records and archives management departments should be interrelated each other with organic association and their records and archives be managed in an integrated manner. In 1930s chinese nationalist regime had conducted a campaign for reforming documents and archives management system to increase administrative efficiency called "The Connection of Documents and Archives Management Act(文書檔案連鎖法)". Although this campaign has not been continued to the present, It has been proved to be a quite successful attempt at that time in china and also regarded as an origin of the integrated management of records and archives in china. The practical types of the integrated management of records and archives as follows: first is to establish institutional documents/archives department in charge of managing records and archives in an integrative manner; second, to reform filing system, that is, to file on a case basis or abolish filing system and arrange records on an item level instead; third, to install software application for the integrated management of records and archives in order to make arranging operations convenient by increasing data processing efficiency. The chinese case shows us that the integrated management of records and archives could not be realized until records and archives departments make united efforts to build up a new national records and archives management system based on advanced and scientific principles.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.153-160
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• 2016

Purpose - The current distribution enterprises have realized the necessity for integrated and specialized images in their stores. From those reasons, visual merchandising has been considered as a powerful means towards brand value judgement as well as maximizing both brand and corporate identity. This research intends to study and discuss the current situations in Korean visual merchandising and its future concept setting. Based on the research findings, this paper tries to propose the basic concept for development strategies of visual merchandising in Korean distribution market. Although the studies on visual merchandising in Korean traditional markets have been continued, visual merchandisers have been distorted by display control centers in real situations. Therefore, this study tries to set both current and future concepts in visual merchandising for further discussions and a new complement formulation. Research design, data, and methodology - This study has investigated previous studies with the way of normative study by comparing, organizing concepts and relating terms on visual merchandising. In order to be an exact research, it seems to be more appropriate to analyze this study with a deductive analysis way rather than inductive as for getting the core of visual merchandising. Besides, this study changed the term 'visual merchandising' into 'VMD', and used it as an unified one. Results - Visual merchandising has an important key in retail planning. With focusing on organizing visual merchandising concepts, it should be adequate for domestic circumstances because there are various visual merchandising concepts with different perspectives. Thus, it is necessary to establish a concept including modern and Korean features through previous studies and data. Visual merchandising can be defined as followings. It enhances the value of shop images from visual aspects and conveys brand concepts effectively. Its task is to plan and manage products sales by combining three merchandising domains such as interior, display, and merchandising. Conclusions - There are some limitations on setting academic concepts in visual merchandising due to its features as to be taken in the field focused studies. More meaningful case studies should be performed as an area of future studies. Therefore, it is necessary to perform an effectiveness analysis on empirical visual merchandising state and present the course of development.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.127-152
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze center directors' experience about integrated child care for infants with disability, and to understand positive and negative awareness of integrated child care. This study conducted in depth interviews of six child care center directors. The result of this study was that there were 12 categories, 25 lower categories and 82 concepts. The central phenomenon was 'difficulty from integrated child care implementation'. To overcome the central phenomenon, the cause and effect strategies were 'positive attitudes toward obligated education', 'continuous studies on integration', and the result was 'preparation for desirable integrated child care center'.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.20-31
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to suggest a meaningful way of implementing science and engineering integrated lessons in school science settings. To this end, two types of science and engineering integrated lesson units (focusing on the physic concepts of light and wave) were developed based on the core elements of science and engineering integrated lesson; object, context, engineering design, and connection with science. These two units were implemented in free semester program in a middle school in a metropolitan city. Throughout the process of program implementation, instructor's reflection and focus group interview with participant students were collected to reveal problems arising from the field implementation. In addition, engineering education experts were interviewed to discuss the potential problems and possible solutions for the problems. As results of the study, five main problems of implementing escience and engineering integrated lessons in a school science setting were revealed and practical solutions for the problems were suggested by the experts.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.379-388
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to derive implications for support plans for the settlement of the Integrated Science subject based on observations and analyses of integrated science lessons implemented in schools since 2018. For this purpose, we observed and analyzed the lessons for the same achievement standard [10 Integrated Science 07-01] implemented by four science teachers with different science majors. The features of integrated science classes were analyzed in light of curriculum reconstruction, science competency development, learner-centered participatory instruction, and process-centered evaluation aspects. For example, in terms of curriculum reconstruction, science teachers have been reorganizing achievement standards into three/four lessons, optimizing learning contents based on core concepts, and helping students' understanding of cross-cutting concepts between science areas. Regarding science competency development, teachers focused their instruction on students' cultivation of diverse science competencies closely related to the achievement standard and development of the epistemology of science. In addition, teachers emphasized student activities and teachers' role as facilitator of learning to create learner-centered participatory classes, as well as assessment during lessons with feedbacks, etc. Based on the results, we suggested and discussed ways to support the settlement of the integrated science curriculum including the need for a teacher learning community, support for process-centered assessment, and the need to develop an authentic integrated science curriculum.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.364-378
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• 2021

This study explores the perception of Engineering Design of teachers who have long experience in the Integrated STEAM education. The teachers participating in this study were 12 elementary and secondary teachers with more than five years of experience in the Integrated STEAM Education. The study conducted semi-structured interviews. Interview questions focused on experiences of Integrated STEAM Education and recognition of Engineering Design, whether or not to reflect the curriculum of Engineering Design, and actual cases of Integrated STEAM Education with Engineering Design. As a result of this study, the teachers who participated in this study recognized that 'identification and coexistence of concepts for science, technology, and engineering' about Engineering Design, 'Creative design is possible when creativity is added to Engineering Design', 'Engineering Design is to analyze the economic feasibility and utility of the output created through the creative design process', 'Engineering Design is only for students who choose a career in science and engineering'. Based on this research, We need to establish and present correct concepts for science, technology, and engineering, and make an effort to include Engineering Design for solving scientific problems in the curriculum. In addition, we will have to develop and spread the Integrated STEAM Education program including Engineering Design and apply it in the field. Through this, we will have to find concrete action plans to improve the perception of science and engineering Integrated STEAM programs and Engineering Design among novice teachers and preservice teachers.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.166-180
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• 2016

This paper examines the effects on academic achievement, scientific process skills and affective domain for elementary students learning the 'Chicken life cycle' through traditional science class versus a smart media based STEAM approach. Students designed and built a hatching jar and created a smart media content for chickens using time-lapse technology. This STEAM program was developed to improve their scientific concepts of animals over nine periods of classes using integrated education methods. The experimental study took place in the third grade of public schools in a province, with the STEAM approach applied in 2 classes (44 students) and the traditional discipline approach implemented in 2 classes (46 students). The STEAM education significantly influenced the improvement of academic achievements, basic scientific process skills and affective domain. The results suggest that this STEAM approach for teaching scientific concepts of animal life cycles has the performance in terms of knowledge, skills and affect gain achievements in elementary school students' learning when compared to a traditional approach. Moreover, the smart media based STEAM program is helpful to lead students to engage in integrated problem-solving designs and learning science and technology.